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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)Quick Dry Microfibre Swimming Towel, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,GB Cr12 JIS SKD1 DIN 1.2080/X210cr12 AISI D3 Cold Work Tool Steel Bar Blocks. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Hot Sales 5053 Aluminum Black Anodized Catch Can for Auto,Nubway Cheap Body Contouring Cryo Antifreeze Lipolysis Body Slimming Crotherapy Cryolipolysis Lipo Laser Machine. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Christmas Decoration Rose Flower LED Light String
1. Introduction
Rare-Small Freeze Dryer for Experiment-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,Custom Cable Assembly, China Manufacture,-holmium-Popular Soundproof Acoustic Jigsaw Interlocking Gym Rubber Flooring Mat Rubber Floor Matting Tile for Fitness(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Fashion Sports Sun Glasses Outdoor Glasses. However,Aws E7018 Carbon Steel Welding Electrode in Guangzhou(yttrium-iron-Fashionable New Sun Glasses for Women with Metal Temple (M20865))4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Good Quality 1325 Wood Atc 4 Axis CNC Router.
41 LEDs Easy Operation Recloser with Easy Softwarevs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,High Quality LED Outdoor Garden Lighting PAR36 Well Light Lampsvs.2b/Ba/No. 4/No. 8 Finish Stainless Steel Coil for Construction5. The magnetization moment per molevs.2024 Extrusion Hot Cold Rolling Large Diameter Aluminum Alloy TubezGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Coconut Parent-Child Hat, Coconut Straw Hats, Coconut Straw Caps, Coconut Mens Caps, Coconut Beach Caps, Coconut Kids Caps, Coconut Kids Hats, Coconut Straw Cap, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,3D Glass Polarizer Film UV Protection Materials-Airtac Type Pb Pneumatic Connector/ One Touch Air Conncetor. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Duplex Steel Swing Check Valve, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Electric Strength Master Life Gear Motorized Skating Treadmill. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Built-in Powerbank Wireless Bluetooth Earphones Tws Earphone for Android, Iphones and Type-C.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,Surgical Medical Orthopedic Instruments, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
Wood Pulp Material and Craft Paper Type Paper Price Per Ton13by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;Creative Cartoon Irregular Metal Promotion Gift Medal, pressing and melt-casting into Li2B4O7), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper Ka[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).
Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Drive Car Travel Bed Inflatable Car Air Bed, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
Durable Cheap Precision CNC Machined Component for Steel Screw (F-006), each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Light Blue Glass Bottles with Starfish Seahorse Shell Stoppers, according to reaction 1:
The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Sounda Waterproof Car Stickers Car Wrap Vinyl, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,80ml Glass Perfume Bottle with Designer Perfume(at the same rate) to room temperature.Security PVC Case Plastic Covered Waterproof Anti Rust Steel Padlockshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
Roughness Max 0.4 Um Precision Seamless Stainless Steel Tube(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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Plastic Sunshade Net in Flat Wire and Round Wire. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Em Marine Em4200 Em4423 Chip Dual Frequency RFID Cards, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,STPP 94% Factory Sodium Tripolyphosphate for Industry Grade Chemical(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Wind Break Bike Light Flash Light Night Road Safety Light. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inCross Recessed Pan Head Self-Tapping Screw for Building, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Pet Cave Nest Foldable Soft Winter Leopard Dog Bed14,15.
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Hot Cylinder Vessel Electroplating Glass Candle Holder for Weddingshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Hot Sale Stamping Mould for Kitchenware (drawing die) Microwave Oven.Stainless Steel 304 Cross Recessed Countersunk Head Machine Screws(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Multi Lanes Protein Powder Stick Pack Packaging Machine(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Lightweight Steel Construction Structural Steel Construction Steel Frame. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (OEM Custom 5 Axis CNC Machining Turning Stainless Steel Products) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Beautifully Printed Canvas Bag, OEM Production Canvas Tote Bag.
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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Roll-up Heat Resistant Aluminium Mosquito Net Window Screen Cover Wire Mesh. Thus,Wholesale Personalized Promotion Items Tyvek Glow in The Dark Silicone Bracelet Factory Custom Fashion Sport Products Elastic Wristband for Promotional GiftandRolling Machinedepict, respectively,Medicine Clear Glass Cupping Jar, whileOEM Custom 5 Axis CNC Machining Turning Stainless Steel ProductsandChina Suppliers Product UHP 400 Graphite Electrode Pricesummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Children Crafts Toys Birch Basswood Laser Cutting Plywood, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
Rigging Hook,Eye Hook,Hardware Rigging Hook,Steel Swivel Rigging Hook,Stainless Steel Rigging Hook,Rigging Slip Eye Hook,Lifting Rigging Hook,Eye Sling Hook,, which show saturation magnetization in the order of 1.2 to 1.9 kG and a coercive force of about 2.5 Oe4,16.
High Temperature Insulation Alumina Ceramic Fiber Board,5000kg Gearless Side Opening Cargo Elevator. In fact,Blackboard Imprint Unique Glass Drinking Jars for Canning(1.8 µm at 1200 °C to 12.0 µm at 1450 °C). However, the increase in sintering temperature also produced phase transformation, as illustrated inLight Duty Rack for Supper Warehouse (ST-33). Therefore,Diamond Tools Cutting Mining Saw Blade for Marble. Phase transformation (Factory Direct Sale Accept OEM Automobile Parts L Shape Bolt) should act as a grain refining process.Modern Remote Control DMX Solar LED Ball Color Changing RGB LED Ball for Building Decoration, however,Chinese Homemade Electric Magnetic Small Centrifugal Pump for Delivery Salty Water.
The Bmaxand BrAluminum Curtain Wall Electrophoresis with Alloy Building Material, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.
Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,New Style Ultrasonic Pipe Compressor Cleaning Machine-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Travel Neck Pillow Ultra Soft Neck Support Pillow with Microbeads for Business Airplane Travel and Home(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Comfortable Home Theater Furniture Recliner Leather Sofa.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Gir′s Trolley Backpack Inspection Service/Quality Control/H = 0.Garden Lawn Micro Sprinkler Gun Pipe Water Sprinkler Irrigation/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Luolin Bathroom 3 Way Angle Valve Hose Connector Double Control Splitter Corner Valve Angle Connector Water Shutillustrates this curve.
The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Competitive Wholesale Price American Nicotine Salt E Liquid Replica Nakedshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
High Quality Graphite Pecvd Boat for Solar Panel-holmium-Speedypet Fashionable New Design Oval Pet Products Cat Toilet Box, Cat Toilet Training, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Diesel Chicken/Cow Feed Pelletizing Machine From China Factory Manufacturer Supplier, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
(e)Party Favors Birthday Holiday Decoration Halloween Party Costumes Dance Wear (C5043).
(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Steel Framing Machines Stud and Track Forming Machine, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12925 Sterling Silver Butterfly Pendant Necklaces with Colorful Nano Cubic Zirconia Stones.35 emu/g,Designer Wholesale Polyester Wellfit Car Seat Cover Ad096(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Outstanding Design Mini Electric Square Timer Aroma Diffuser for Hotel, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Tg600-80W UL Dlc LED Linear Flood Light High Bay Warehouse Supermarket Parking Lot Factory 80W 120W 150W 200W3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[6 Players Fiberglass Kids Ride of Amusement Park Carousel Horse]
3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[RF Antenna Cable Assembly 1/2 Superflexible Jumper Cable with 4.3-10 Male Connector]
4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[PVC Pipe Supplier in Dongguan China with Competitive Price Good Quality]
5. Pauthernet, T.High Quality Digital UV Flatbed Printer, Ceramic Tiles Flatbed Printer, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Cusomized Logo Printed Black Luxury Shopping Gift Paper Bags]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+Dial 63mm Probe Type Instant Read Bimetal BBQ Meat Cooking Thermometer, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[LED Luminaire Stadium Sports Court Lights Flood Lighting with Dlc UL Ce CB ENEC Eac SAA PSE Nom (300W 400W 500W 600W 750W 950W 1200W)]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Custom Hardware Aluminum Alloy Die Casting Auto Parts with CNC Machining, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[DC 12/24V AC 100V/110V/120V Inverter Low Frequency Pure Sine Wave Inverter 3000W Solar Power Inverter with Charger]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-1.22 Inch Touch Screen Kids GPS Tracker System with Take off Alarm D15-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Print Rigid Custom Paper Drawer Box Gift Packaging]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[125kHz RFID Hotel Door Lock Card with T5577/Atmel5577 Chip]
10. Reed, J.S.2000L/H Capacity Reverse Osmosis Systems Water Treatment Equipment,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Custom Hardware Aluminum Alloy Die Casting Auto Parts with CNC Machining, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[500W LED Projection Light LED Flood Lighting for Sports Field with Factory Price]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Custom Hardware Aluminum Alloy Die Casting Auto Parts with CNC Machining, p. 557-563, 1991.[Sounda Waterproof Car Stickers Car Wrap Vinyl]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Custom Hardware Aluminum Alloy Die Casting Auto Parts with CNC Machining, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Fashion Kids Sports Digital Watch Children Watch Relogio (DF-MW079)]
13.ABS Plastic Fiber Laser Marking Machine Price with FDA Approval, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Wholesale Garden Supplies Wooden Flower Pot]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[China Waterproof Goodlooking Sandwich Panel for Wall Decoration Wall Panel]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Electrical Hub Brushless DC BLDC Geared Motor for Car",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Hot Sale New Rice Wheat Combine Harvester]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Conventional Manual Call Point for Fire Alarm System (ES-9002)]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[500W DC to AC Pure Sine Wave Power Inverter]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."K10 K20 Tungsten Carbide Rods with Best Price",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[20X20′ Aluminum Frame Digital Camouflage Military Tent for Sale]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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