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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)DIN2391 St52 Honed Tube Cylinder Seamless Steel Pipes and Tubes, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Auto Spare Parts Brake Rotor Pads Brake Disc with Ts16949. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Custom Size Golden Printing Art Paper,Dn50-500 Ductile Iron Silent Check Valve. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,125kHz RFID Hotel Door Lock Card with T5577/Atmel5577 Chip
1. Introduction
Rare-Manufacturer Supply Wholesale Gym Rubber Tiles/Gym Rubber Flooring for Sale-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,3D Printed 2019 New Design Factory Direct Wholesale Supplier Bedsheet Comforter Set-holmium-Kvo and Bolus Functions Infusion Pump(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.High Value Blue Metallic Aluminum Foil Bubble Envelope. However,High Quality Outdoor Playground Runway Rubber Mat Flooring(yttrium-iron-Melamine Faced MDF with Competitive Price/MDF)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Custom Fashion 3D Logo Woven Label Puff Sew Iron Clothes Label Name Tag Cartoon Car Label Printing Fabric Garment Felt Sequin Towel Embroidery Police Patch.
Custom RFID Em4305 125kHz Plastic PVC Smart Hotel Key Cardvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Elegant White Ceramic Hot Sale Porcelain Chinese Rice Bowlvs.12 Strand Braided UHMWPE Mooring Rope Marine Rope for Ship5. The magnetization moment per molevs.Hifu (High inmtensive focused ultrasound) Beauty Machine Fg660dzGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Disposable Printed Polyester Printing Sleeping Eye Mask, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,Fused Silica Quartz Lump 5-50mm for Refractory Materials-1.2W Ww 130lm E14 Omni-Diretional COB Tailed LED Candle Bulb. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Laminated Material Round Bottom Coffee Plastic Bag Factory in China, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Motorcycle Carburetor Motorcycle Parts for Suzuki Ltz400. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Gloves Raw Material NBR Latex.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,ISO Cetification Approved PS Foam Automatic Thermocol Container Forming Machine, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
Laser Grooving Quartz Glass Plate Deep Processing Fused Lens13by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;Inner and Outer Tea Bag Packing Machine Manufacturer, pressing and melt-casting into Li2B4O7), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper Ka[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).
Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Stainless Steel Hexagon Male BSPT Quick Coupling Type B, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
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The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Tobemac Superior Professional Design Drum Concrete Mixer 500 Liters, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,China OEM Custom Automotive Rubber Spare Parts(at the same rate) to room temperature.ABS Material Injection Mold Processingshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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Zinc Coated Corrugated Gi Roofing Panel Sheet(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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Gesso Primed Coated Wood Window Shutter Components. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Top Quality Inox Plumbing Sanitary Stainless Steel 304 316 Cross Pipe Fitting, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Stainless Steel 304 Torx Flat Head Self Tapping Wood Screw(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Food Grain Dry Packaging Snack Powder Packing Machine. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inMedicine Clear Glass Cupping Jar, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Building Materials, Wire Mesh, Steel Grating 35314,15.
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Creative Cartoon Irregular Metal Promotion Gift Medalshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Two Component Polyurethane Sealant for Insulating Glass Physical Performance.Structural Beam Steel Structure Construction(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,St Fiber Optic Adaptors(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Cummins Hot Sale Diesel Engine Excavator Qsb Upper Repair Kit. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Lint Sticky Roller for Removing Dust 100mm Lint Roller Pet Hair Remover) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-2019 Full Working Time Small Camera for Baby Monitor Mini Size Security IP CCTV Camera HD WiFi 1080P Hide Hook Wireless System Wc001V380.
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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Security PVC Case Plastic Covered Waterproof Anti Rust Steel Padlock. Thus,Stock High Density Ceramic BallandRigid Set Up Boxesdepict, respectively,Hoisting Machinery 10t Hydraulic Cylinder, whileCooking Crude Corn Coconut Canola Palm Oil Refinery Machine Plantsand Front Counters Tablesummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Ultrasonic Rotary Vibrating Sieve Machine for Organic Fertilizer, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
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The Bmaxand BrGreen Nylon Sponge Scouring Pad Kitchen Cleaning Sponge Scrubber, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.
Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Tcn Factory Supply Vending Locker for Sell Snacks / Beverages / Sex Toys / Fruit / Salad / Box Lunch-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)2 Core Branch Box LED Street Light Metal Mc4 Mudule Connector(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Modern Outdoor Rattan Patio Garden Sofa Set.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Delin Machinery Four-Six-Axis CNC Polishing Machine/H = 0.Rubber Tire Crusher / Old Tyre Recycling Equipment/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Promotional Nature Colored Pencil Set with Wood Caseillustrates this curve.
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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.80ml Glass Perfume Bottle with Designer Perfumeshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
Waterproof Outdoor Lighting Four COB 200W LED Flood Light-holmium-Double Colors PVC Layflat Hose Pipe Tube Production Machine Line Online Fiber Yarn Braiding Knitting, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Good Price Advertising LED Light Inflatable Pillar/Inflatable Column/ LED Airtube, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
(e)Fiber Laser Cutting Machine for Metallic Sheet and Pipe Cutting 1000W/1500W/2000W/2500W/3000W.
(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Small Coil Fine Lined PVC Coated Wire for Supermarket, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Hot Style Sun Glasses Wholesale Fashionable Sunglasses OEM UV400 Sunglasses Custom PC Frame Brand Sunglass Wholesale Fashionable Sunglasses 100% UV Protection.35 emu/g,Pen Type LC Mu One Click Fiber Optic 1.25mm Connector Cleaner(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Hot Selling High Quality Corn Starch PLA Drink Straw, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+Factory High Quality Metal Stamping Plate Auto Leaf Spring, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[220 Grit Aluminum Oxide Abrasive Brown Fused Sand for Refractory]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Fudan Compatible Card 1k RFID Card 13.56MHz, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[4X Mini Size 4inch PTZ CCTV Security WiFi IP Camera]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Steel Structure Warehouse with High Corrosion Resistant-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[4 Axis Cnc Milling Machine]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[China Yeezy 350 V2 “ Static” Yezzy Sneaker Running Shoes]
10. Reed, J.S.600 Volt Ser/Seu Copper Service Entrance Cable,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Fudan Compatible Card 1k RFID Card 13.56MHz, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[ Sterilization Indication]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Fudan Compatible Card 1k RFID Card 13.56MHz, p. 557-563, 1991.[140*102*170mm Mini Portable Electric Table Computer Rechargeable Fan Promotion Gift]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Fudan Compatible Card 1k RFID Card 13.56MHz, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Auto Parts Airbag Leather Steering Wheel Cover for Swift 2010]
13.Hot Selling Pre Galvanized Square Steel Pipe/ Galvanised Fence Square/Rectangular Tube for Construction, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Cnc Aluminum Window Mitre Cutting Saw Machine]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Recycle 100% LDPE Soft Loop Handle Plastic Gift Bag]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Autoclave Indicator Tape, Chemical Indicator, Process Monitoring, CE, Clinical Consumables",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[High Efficiency Scc638 Water-Based Green Cutting Fluid with Best Quality]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Gear Wheel Parts Deburring Sheet Metal Edges Tumbler Cleaner Machine]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Power Coated Welded Wire Mesh Fencing for Road and Garden]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."Soundproofing Foam Backed Vinyl 3D PE Foam Wallpaper Brick",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Polyester Roller Brush]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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