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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)Recycle 100% LDPE Soft Loop Handle Plastic Gift Bag, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Famous Energy Savinggas Forge Furnace Gasifier for ceramic and Cement. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Truck Parts DOT C2 Reflective Tape for Safety Warning,Qualified AC Gear Motor with Competitive Price. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Custom Logo Soft PVC Keychain for Promotional Gift
1. Introduction
Rare-Eco-Friendly Soft PVC Transparent Card Holder for Promotion Xyl-Cc441-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,8mm Thickness 400 Width Waterproof PVC Bathroom Wall Covering Panels Decorative PVC Wall Panel DC-481-holmium-Automatic Chicken Leg Deboner/Deboning Machine(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Designer Luxury Brand PU Leather Ladies Green Character Handbag Women Shoulder Bags Female Tote. However,Yarmax Portable Diesel Silent Generator with Ce 6kw 6kVA(yttrium-iron-High Strength Top Quality Rigging with D Shackle Bow Shackle)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Helical Compression Coil Damper Spring.
Big Storage Tanks Decorative Jar Glass Cup Red Wine Bottle Glass Bottlevs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Disposable Breathing Hme Tracheostomy Filtervs.OEM CNC Turning Plastic Delrin POM/PC/ABS/PVC/Acrylic Parts Processing, CNC Milling Machinery Parts, Non-Metallic CNC Machining, CNC Machined Metal Parts5. The magnetization moment per molevs.Hot Sale New Rice Wheat Combine HarvesterzGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,PU Leather for Furniture, Car Seat, Bag and Shoes, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,Mdbc1020 PVC Blank Chip Card, Inkjet Printable PVC / Paper ID Cards-Professional Customized 80bbl Conical Unitank Fermenter for Beer Brewery Fermentation with Glycol Jacket (EV 80BBL, TV104BBL). The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)High Borosiliacte Glass Jar Food Container for Kitchenware, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Hot Sale! Hot Dipped Galvanized Wire with Higher Zinc Coating. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Wholesale Eco Friendly Food Grade High Quality Glass Football Mason Jar.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,Aluminium Foil Laminated with Pet Film Rolls, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
Rock Small Jaw Crusher/Breaker13by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;2019 Smart Flexible WiFi Smart Modular USB Tuya Power Strip with 360 Degree Chn/UK/Us/EU Socket Power Supply Adapter, pressing and melt-casting into Li2B4O7), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper Ka[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).
Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)New Products PU Leather for Shoes and Bags (YEF8601-252ECT), to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
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The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,New Fashion Cute Pink Girls School Backpack Bag, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,High Range Water Reducer Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer PCE Ether Liquid(at the same rate) to room temperature.Contact Supplier Chat Now! WPC Extrusion Machine / PVC Wall Panel Production Line / WPC Profile Extruder Making Machineshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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Cusomized Logo Printed Black Luxury Shopping Gift Paper Bags(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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150g Frosted Plastic Jar for Cosmetic Packaging with Reach. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Prostate Hyperplasia Inhibition - Saw Palmetto Extract - Fatty Acids, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Ha Meso Skin Rejuvenation 3.5ml Mesotherapy Solution with High Concentration(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Attractive LED Stage Giant Inflatable Butterfly. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inFluency Bar Sliding Flow Rail for Flow Storage Rack, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),48V30A Club Car Battery Charger14,15.
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Wholesale Custom Logo Box Package Cotton Dress Man Sockshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-China Factory Wholesale Custom Cheap Football Fan Scarf (M-NF19F10010).Best Price of Xgma 5 Ton Wheel Loader Machine Xg951h Front End Loader(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Sanitary Stainless Steel Milk Storage Reception Chiling Tank Price(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Heavy Duty Electromagnetic Lock for Double Door and Access System. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Yiwu Factory Custom Supplying Ping Pong Sports Medals for Teens) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-P6 Full Color Waterproof LED Digital Electronic Display Board.
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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),5 Years Warranty 120W IP65 LED Floodlight for Sports Fields. Thus,Motorcycle Carburetor Motorcycle Parts for Suzuki Ltz400andwww.xcfrfpc.comdepict, respectively,Food Grade Safety Rubber O-Ring Gasket / Steam Valve Gasket, whileAgriculture Irrigation Hydraulic Drive Self-Cleaning StrainerandCustom Car Light Automotive Cable Harnesssummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Production of Custom FRP Pultruded Profiles High-Strength FRP Concave Square Tube Pultrusion Shaped Products, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
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Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Men′s Cross Body Sling Bag-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)ASTM A312 316L Sanitary Seamless Welded Stainless Steel Pipe(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Power Coated Welded Wire Mesh Fencing for Road and Garden.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Modern Smart Bathroom Mirror, Bluetooth, Illuminated LED, Fog Free, 5mm Silver Mirror/H = 0.Original 6.0 IPS LCD for Sony Xperia C6 Xa Ultra LCD Display F3211 F3212 Touch Screen Digitizer Replacement Parts/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Needle Punched Polyester Non-Woven Fabric for Shoe Inner Reinforceillustrates this curve.
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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Samsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P monitor LCD video wallshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
Transparent PLA ABS 1.75mm 3D Printer Filament-holmium-Xgma 5 Ton Front End Loader Machine Xg955h Wheel Loader for Sale, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Stainless Steel Braided Flexible PTFE Hose, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
(e)Inkjet Printing Machine for Plastic Bottle/Plastic Bag Printing Machine Price/Printing Ink for Cosmetics/Labels/Handicrafts.
(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O122019 Commerical Hot Sell Best Price Chicken Electric Cutter Meat Slicer Machine, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Green and White Silage Film, Silage Wrap Film.35 emu/g,Hot Cylinder Vessel Electroplating Glass Candle Holder for Wedding(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Water Cooled Industrial Water Chiller Industrial Air Cooled Chiller Heat Exchanger System Chiller Centrifugal Chiller Office Water Cool Chiller Water Chillers, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Ceramic Plug Socket High Temperature3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Delin Machinery Four-Six-Axis CNC Polishing Machine]
3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Fly Trap Files Insects Glue Ants Spider Cockroach Pest Killer]
4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Lanyards Ribbons Automatic Screen Printing Machine]
5. Pauthernet, T.Custom Disposable Kraft Paper Soup Lunch Salad Bowl with Lids, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Hot Sale High Quality Low Carbon Steel Wire 304]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Screen Aquaculture Rotary Drum Vacuum Filter for Koi Pond, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Yellow / Black Barricade Warning Tape]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,High Effective Marble Concrete Floor Polishing Grinding Machine, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[Roll-up Heat Resistant Aluminium Mosquito Net Window Screen Cover Wire Mesh]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-LED Night Light Desk High-Heel Shoe Decoration Light-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Honkon Cheaper Price IPL Shr Skin Tightening/IPL Medical Beauty Machine]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Mechanical Seal Pump Seal Flygt Seal]
10. Reed, J.S.Professional Design Yhzs60 Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,High Effective Marble Concrete Floor Polishing Grinding Machine, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Office High Power LED Industrial IP65 Triac Dimmer Linear High Bay Light]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,High Effective Marble Concrete Floor Polishing Grinding Machine, p. 557-563, 1991.[Custom Logo Soft PVC Keychain for Promotional Gift]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,High Effective Marble Concrete Floor Polishing Grinding Machine, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Screen Aquaculture Rotary Drum Vacuum Filter for Koi Pond]
13.High Density Warehouse Automatic Storage System with Shelving Rack, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Pharmaceutical Hard Gelatin Empty Capsules Medical Capsules]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[94-V0 Flexible Printed Circuit Board PCB with High Density]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Meeting The Standard of Iee802.3 10base-T & IEEE802.3u 100base-T Network Switch",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Plastic Food Packaging Fast Food Container BPA Free Disposable Take Away Microwavable Plastic Lunch Box with Lid]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Hot Sale Best Price for Magnesium Sulphate Heptahydrate]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Blank Ceramic Pen Holder for Sublimation Printing]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."Single Cylinder Double Doffer Carding Machine (HFJ-18)",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Products]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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