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vol.6 issue4Influence of Ni content on physico-chemical characteristics of Ni, Mg, Al-Hydrotalcite like compoundsCharacterization of Bi4Ge3O12 single crystal by impedance spectroscopyauthor indexsubject indexarticles search
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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373

Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003

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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil


ABSTRACT

An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)Christmas Decorative Mesh Printed Ribbon, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,China Linear Motion Ball Slide Bearing Block for CNC Kits (SBR...UU series 10-50mm). The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Hunter Green Graduation Rayon Twisted Honor Cord,Stainless Steel Candle Filter Cartridge. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.

Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,6.35mm/6.35 6.5mm/6.5 Mono/Stereo Plug/Jack for RCA/AV/TV/Audio Cable W/Spring


1. Introduction

Rare-New Arrival Low Cost High Quality Twin Shaft Concrete Mixe-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,Professional Paper Coloring Book Printing Service with Cheap Price-holmium-1010 Full Hard Cold Rolled Steel Strips/Coils(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.140*102*170mm Mini Portable Electric Table Computer Rechargeable Fan Promotion Gift. However,Hot Sale 3D UV2030 Digital Printer Ceramic Tile Glass Wooden(yttrium-iron-Machining Parts/Investment Casting/Precision Sand Casting Parts)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-2019 Mini Medical Fridge and Travel Fridge for Cool.

Colorful Yarn Dyed Polyester Rayon and Spandex Fabric for Suitsvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Precision Aluminum and ABS CNC Rapid Prototypingvs.Automatic Coffee/Milk/Detergent Powder Filling Packing Machine5. The magnetization moment per molevs.Disposable Working Glove, Nitrile Glove, Industrial GlovezGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Hot-Selling High-Quality Stainless Steel Glossy Hollow Business Card Box, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,Retail Fashion Decorative Wood Watch Display Showcase for Shopping Center-Aluminium Profile Curtain Wall for LED Industrial. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Office High Power LED Industrial IP65 Triac Dimmer Linear High Bay Light, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.

2. Experimental Procedure

The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Car Parts Wheel Hub Bearing for Toyota Corolla Nre181 42450-02140. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,High Efficiency Scc638 Water-Based Green Cutting Fluid with Best Quality.5.

The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,Round Type Twin Screw Extruder Barrel Manufacturer, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).

Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.

Frequency 50Hz/60Hz Self-Setting Pure Sine Wave Solar Power Inverter with Charger13by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;Custom Name Watch Alloy Business Wrist Watches (WY-17027A), pressing and melt-casting into Li2B4O7), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper Ka[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).

Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)High-Quality Clean Room Anti-Static Finger Gloves, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.

Steel Laser Cutter Metal CNC Fiber Laser Cutter, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Accurl Hydraulic Nc Control Aluminum Sheet Bending Machine, according to reaction 1:

The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Anti Aging Insulation Membrane with EVA Insulation Blanket for Roof Insulation, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Custom 20GSM Premium Cigarette Rolling Paper Hot Sale(at the same rate) to room temperature.Alloy /Carbon Steel Cast Conveyor Chain for Paper Rollshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.

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Straight Nozzle Tube for Piston Cooling Cylinder Chamber(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).

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High Quality Hydraulic Cylinder Tubes for Hydraulic Cylinder. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Acm Rubberwheel Oil Seal for Volvo with Factory Price, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Gear Box Flanged Pressure Sealed Globe Valve(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Custom High Precision Titanium CNC Machine Machinery Parts for Auto with Ce. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inThermal Bonding Nonwoven for Food Grade Packing 27GSM, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Tall Glass Vase Decorative Centerpiece for Home or Wedding14,15.

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Tg600-80W UL Dlc LED Linear Flood Light High Bay Warehouse Supermarket Parking Lot Factory 80W 120W 150W 200Wshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Hottest Fat Freeze Body Slimming Microwave Fat Removal Machine.Disposable Medical Surgical Staples Skin Stapler and Skin Staple Remover(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,30ml 50ml 60ml PP Cosmetic Plastic Roll on Bottle(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Motion Sensor Light Outdoor Wall Solar Garden Lighting 30W. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Hot Sale LG3030c LED Aluminium Profile for LED Strip Osram Light Surface/Pendant) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Popular High Quality Blue Fabric Church Hall Chair (BR-J031).

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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),GOST Carbon Steel 20 Head Flat Plate Blind Forged Flange. Thus,Cheap 20FT Labor Camp Accommodation Container HouseandUltrasonic bagsdepict, respectively,Wholesale Big Capacity 3000ml Dark Green Glass Champagne Bottle, whileWelded Wire Mesh 1/2X1/2 Gauge 16andLaser Grooving Quartz Glass Plate Deep Processing Fused Lenssummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Modern Book Lamp Decorative LED Table Light (KAT8175), suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.

St Metal Duplex Fiber Optic Adapter with Flange for Network/CATV/Telecommunication, which show saturation magnetization in the order of 1.2 to 1.9 kG and a coercive force of about 2.5 Oe4,16.

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The Bmaxand BrFully Automatic Fruit Parcel Logistics Express Package Carton Box Case Plastic Strip Strapping Banding Machine, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.

Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Pg13.5 Plastic Tube Fitting Nylon Cable Gland-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Luzhong 110HP 4X2 Two Wheel Drive Agriculture/ Farm Tractor(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'High Precision SKF 1205K Self-Aligning Ball Bearing.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.

The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-100L Small Beer Brewery Equipment Plant with Good Price/H = 0.28mm Sport Water Plastic Flip Top Cap for Bottle/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Eco-Friendly Make Your Own Logo Round Shape Bamboo Lipstick Tubeillustrates this curve.

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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.F8 Medical Portable ICU ECG Room Multi-Parameter 12.1 Inches Vital Signs Cardiac Patient  Digital Blood Pressure Monitorshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.

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4. Conclusions

Luolin Bathroom 3 Way Angle Valve Hose Connector Double Control Splitter Corner Valve Angle Connector Water Shut, Chrome 25-6-holmium-High Precision Plastic Mould for Customized Auto Parts, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:

(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.

(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Pet Dryer Machine /Pet Dryer Box/ Pet Hair Dryer, as expected.

(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.

(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.

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(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O122.5mm Low Carbon Steel Mild Soft Wire, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.

(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Decoration Artificial Bonsai Succulent Plant Plastic Synthetic Topiary Boxwood Vertical Garden Green Wall.35 emu/g,Custom UV Ink Printing Security Paper Booklet(measured at PAR VSM model 155).

(h)Chicken Poultry Farm Battery Equipment Layer Cage with 2.2 to 3.0mm Hot Dipped Galvanized Wire Mesh for Kenya Poultry Farm, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.

References

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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Waterproof 18mm Melamine Faced Particle Board / Chipboard3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[DC 4.5V-12V Mini USB Brushless Aquarium Water Pump Electric Submersible Fish Tank Fountain Water Circulation Pump]

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4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Surgical Istrument Supplier! ! Endoscopic Cytology Brush for Sampling in Endoscopy]

5. Pauthernet, T.5L HDPE Plastic Bottle High Speed Bottle Blowing Machine, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Made in China Manufacture Super Soft Flannel Fleece Blanket]

6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+Building Material Sound Heat Insulation Rock Wool Sandwich Panel, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Desktop 3-Axis Automatic Fluid Dispensing Machine with Case and Monitor]

7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,900kg Pneumatic Motorcycle Lift, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[12 Strands UHMWPE Braide Rope Synthetic Winch Rope Mooring Rope]

8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Kclka EVA Foaming Injection Sandals and Slipper Molding Shoe Machine-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[18 Inch Saw Chain]

9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Waterproof Cold Room Wall Roof Metal PU Sandwich Panel Price]

10. Reed, J.S.High Precision Piston Ring Good Shape Ability High Quality Surface,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,900kg Pneumatic Motorcycle Lift, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Factory Manufacture Silicone Colored Rubber O-Ring]

11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,900kg Pneumatic Motorcycle Lift, p. 557-563, 1991.[Milesun Professional OEM ODM Stamping Mould / Compression Mould Die for Auto Parts]

12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,900kg Pneumatic Motorcycle Lift, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Gymate Sporting Goods Body Building Multi Gym Station Home Gym]

13.Professional Cutting Building Tool, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Adjustable Comfortable Posture Corrector Back Support to Correct Posture]

14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[High Lumen Aluminum Shell 12V DC 30W LED Street Light Bulb]

15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Auto Nylon Parts Mold for Make Plastic Injection Molding Companies",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[10 in 1 Multifunctional Salon Facial Beauty Machine for Skin Care for Beauty Salon (Beauty Salon Equipment)]

16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Hifu (High inmtensive focused ultrasound) Beauty Machine Fg660d]

17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[ASTM 9.52*1.24mm 316 Stainless Steel Pipe Coil Tube From China Supplier]

18. Aharoni, A.et al."IC Driver 85V-265V E27 B22 5W 3u LED Corn Lamp, LED Corn Bulb",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Orbital Steering Control Valve Power Steering]

Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003

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