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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)925 Sterling Silver Butterfly Pendant Necklaces with Colorful Nano Cubic Zirconia Stones, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Designer Wholesale Polyester Wellfit Car Seat Cover Ad096. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Outstanding Design Mini Electric Square Timer Aroma Diffuser for Hotel,Hot Selling 450ml Wholesale Portable Plastic Bottle Creative Unique Gift BPA Free PP Plastic Fruit Infuser Lemon Bottle. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Tg600-80W UL Dlc LED Linear Flood Light High Bay Warehouse Supermarket Parking Lot Factory 80W 120W 150W 200W
1. Introduction
Rare-High Quality Digital UV Flatbed Printer, Ceramic Tiles Flatbed Printer-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,Dial 63mm Probe Type Instant Read Bimetal BBQ Meat Cooking Thermometer-holmium-Custom Hardware Aluminum Alloy Die Casting Auto Parts with CNC Machining(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.1.22 Inch Touch Screen Kids GPS Tracker System with Take off Alarm D15. However,2000L/H Capacity Reverse Osmosis Systems Water Treatment Equipment(yttrium-iron-ABS Plastic Fiber Laser Marking Machine Price with FDA Approval)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Electrical Hub Brushless DC BLDC Geared Motor for Car.
K10 K20 Tungsten Carbide Rods with Best Pricevs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,China Supplier Sheet Metal Fabrication for Machinery Spare Parts Metal Stamping Parts From Bosivs.0.9mm Sc/Upc-LC/Upc Fiber Optic Patch Cord Cable5. The magnetization moment per molevs.CE Certified Construction Building Ringlock System Scaffolding Material Parts for SalezGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,24K Gold Rolling Paper Shine Papers Cigarette Paper, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,High Quality 20FT Cement Bulk Tank Container Plaster Powder Container-Electric Oil Transfer Pump W/ Meter 110V Diesel Fuel Manual Nozzle Hose. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Custom Flat Pack Paper Pastry Box with Lid, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Hot Sale 960p 360 Degree Wireless IP Light Mini Vr Camera Security Bulb WiFi Camera for Home. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Polyglycolic Acid.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,500W DC to AC Pure Sine Wave Power Inverter, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
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Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)A403 (WP304, WP310S, W316) Stainless Short Lap Joint, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
Thermal Power Plant Boiler Circulating Feed Water Pump, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-High Speed Winding & Braiding Machine 16 Spindle Machine, according to reaction 1:
The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,2W LED Stage Laser Light, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Volume Blower Industrial Exhauster(at the same rate) to room temperature.Power Coated Welded Wire Mesh Fencing for Road and Gardenshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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PVC Interior Embossed Self Adhesive Home Wallpaper(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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Replacement Hydac Hydraulic Oil Filter Cartridge Pleated Fiberglass Net Suction Oil Filter Element (00245051). The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Food Grade Oat Glucan, Yeast Glucan & Beta D-Glucan, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Hot Sell Modern Metal Wicker 10 PCS Dining Sofa Set (WF-225)(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Factory Directly Hot Sell Commercial Ice Machine. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inHerbal Formula for Erection, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Small Size Panel Computer Desk/Table with Keyboard Tray Bookshelf14,15.
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Fully Automatic Fruit Parcel Logistics Express Package Carton Box Case Plastic Strip Strapping Banding Machineshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-2017 Newest Flexible Pyramid Phone Holder Stand for Car Desk.Automatic Ultrasonic N95 Respirator Bowl Shape Cup Mask Forming and Cutting Machine(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Vertical Band Saw Machine Gd5450/250(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Small Manual Tank Kubota Similar Rice Combine Harvester for Selling. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Solid Color Bikini Waist Beach Suit Woman Swimsuit) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Steel Binary Fixture for Wire Cut EDM Machining 3A-210028.
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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Large Scale Treating Wood Stump Machine/Wood Stump Treatment Machine. Thus,30W Portable CO2 Laser Engraving Marking Machine Wood Metal Fiber /Laser PrinterandSmart Curtain Tracksdepict, respectively,Titanium of Iron Ore Wet Drum Magnetic Separator Sort Iron, whileHunter Green Graduation Rayon Twisted Honor CordandRotary Kiln Cooling Machine for NPK Fertilizersummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Napkin Paper Folding Automatic Table Serviettes Making Machine, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
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Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,DC 12/24V AC 100V/110V/120V Inverter Low Frequency Pure Sine Wave Inverter 3000W Solar Power Inverter with Charger-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)40kv High Voltage Rubber Latex Insulating Gloves(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Greenpedel Dp-6c 36V 48V Downtube Type 18650 Cell Lithium Battery.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Cheap 20FT Labor Camp Accommodation Container House/H = 0.China Yeezy 350 V2 “ Static” Yezzy Sneaker Running Shoes/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Xgma 5 Ton Front End Loader Machine Xg955h Wheel Loader for Saleillustrates this curve.
The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.High Quality Mini Fridge Minibarshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
Food Automatic Pillow Type Packing Machine for Bread-holmium-YAMAHA Chip Mounter/ Pick and Place Machine/ SMT Machine, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Self Drilling Screw/Roofing Screw/Tek Screw/Stainless Steel Self Drilling Screw, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
(e)Custom New Design Wholesale Private Label Sports Leggings Yoga Pants.
(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12G80 Alloy Steel Weld Link Chain of Chinese Manufacturer, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O122018 Trend Outdoor Products Fast Inflatable Air Sofa Bed Good Quality Sleeping Bag Inflatable Air Bag Lazy Bag Beach Sofa Laybag.35 emu/g,Mc4 Solar Connector for Solar Panel IP67 30A PV Connector Mc4 Connector(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Popular Flat Pack container House/Prefab House/Modular House/Fast Installation House, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Wholesale Custom Logo Box Package Cotton Dress Man Sock3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Case Erector and Bottom Sealer Carton Erecting Machine]
3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[China Supply Wood Log Debarking Machine for Sale]
4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[GB Cr12 JIS SKD1 DIN 1.2080/X210cr12 AISI D3 Cold Work Tool Steel Bar Blocks]
5. Pauthernet, T.21.5 LCD Touch Screen Capacitive Touch with Metal Frame, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[High Precision Low Deformation High Density High Pressure Resistance Complex Inner Cavity Smooth Surface Hydraulic Casting-Gear Pump]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+ASTM 9.52*1.24mm 316 Stainless Steel Pipe Coil Tube From China Supplier, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Fully Automatic Fruits Canning Line]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Plastic Wire Mesh 1.2m Reflective Safety Fence Plastic Mesh, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[Black Anti-Slip Steel Toe No L Kitchen Chef Shoes]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Tapered Self-Aligning Idler Set-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Ayater Air Compressor Service Part 9056322 Air Oil Separator]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[High Quality LED Outdoor Garden Lighting PAR36 Well Light Lamps]
10. Reed, J.S.Serre Jardin Polycarbonate Sheet Twin Wall Polycarbonate,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Plastic Wire Mesh 1.2m Reflective Safety Fence Plastic Mesh, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Inkjet Printing Machine for Plastic Bottle/Plastic Bag Printing Machine Price/Printing Ink for Cosmetics/Labels/Handicrafts]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Plastic Wire Mesh 1.2m Reflective Safety Fence Plastic Mesh, p. 557-563, 1991.[Hot Sales PVC Tote Bag with Printing for Promotion Gift]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Plastic Wire Mesh 1.2m Reflective Safety Fence Plastic Mesh, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[G80 Alloy Steel Weld Link Chain of Chinese Manufacturer]
13.Artificial Stone Slate Tiles for Walling, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Roots Lobe Blowers Compressors]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Premium Disposable Organic Soft Gentle Baby Wet Tissue Water Wipes]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Compressed Napkin Towel Tissue for Hotel",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[St Metal Duplex Fiber Optic Adapter with Flange for Network/CATV/Telecommunication]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Stainless Steel European Type Wire Rope Thimble for Wire Rope]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Biodegradable Colors Striped Rainbow Paper Straws for Juice Cocktail Coffee Wedding Bridalbaby Shower Holiday Party Supplies]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."Tumbler Sugar / Salt Vibrating Screen with Big Capacity",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Pumpworks Castings]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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