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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil

ABSTRACT

An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂(samarium-holmium-iron)Fine Mist Plastic 0.34 Oz Spray 100ml Airless Bottle, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Plastic Sunshade Net in Flat Wire and Round Wire. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Em Marine Em4200 Em4423 Chip Dual Frequency RFID Cards,STPP 94% Factory Sodium Tripolyphosphate for Industry Grade Chemical. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.

Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Wind Break Bike Light Flash Light Night Road Safety Light

1. Introduction

Rare-Pet Cave Nest Foldable Soft Winter Leopard Dog Bed-structured ferrites, R₃Fe₅O₁₂(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention^1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization^3,4. In this work,Hot Sale Stamping Mould for Kitchenware (drawing die) Microwave Oven-holmium-Stainless Steel 304 Cross Recessed Countersunk Head Machine Screws_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂was synthesized and characterized.Multi Lanes Protein Powder Stick Pack Packaging Machine. However,Lightweight Steel Construction Structural Steel Construction Steel Frame(yttrium-iron-OEM Custom 5 Axis CNC Machining Turning Stainless Steel Products)^4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Beautifully Printed Canvas Bag, OEM Production Canvas Tote Bag.

Roll-up Heat Resistant Aluminium Mosquito Net Window Screen Cover Wire Meshvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K⁴. In this same temperature range,Medicine Clear Glass Cupping Jarvs.Children Crafts Toys Birch Basswood Laser Cutting Plywood⁵. The magnetization moment per molevs.Rigging Hook,Eye Hook,Hardware Rigging Hook,Steel Swivel Rigging Hook,Stainless Steel Rigging Hook,Rigging Slip Eye Hook,Lifting Rigging Hook,Eye Sling Hook,_zGd_(3-z)Fe₅O₁₂(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,High Temperature Insulation Alumina Ceramic Fiber Board, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively⁶. Hence,5000kg Gearless Side Opening Cargo Elevator-Blackboard Imprint Unique Glass Drinking Jars for Canning. The authors of this paper studied Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Diamond Tools Cutting Mining Saw Blade for Marble, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.

2. Experimental Procedure

The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Factory Direct Sale Accept OEM Automobile Parts L Shape Bolt. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K⁺ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water⁷. A thermodynamic analysis⁸indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Modern Remote Control DMX Solar LED Ball Color Changing RGB LED Ball for Building Decoration.5.

The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl^-and SO₄^2-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO₄, respectively⁹. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation¹⁰, i.e.,Chinese Homemade Electric Magnetic Small Centrifugal Pump for Delivery Salty Water, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed¹¹(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).

Subsequent calcination¹²of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.

Aluminum Curtain Wall Electrophoresis with Alloy Building Material¹³by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;New Style Ultrasonic Pipe Compressor Cleaning Machine, pressing and melt-casting into Li₂B₄O₇), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper K_a[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).

Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Travel Neck Pillow Ultra Soft Neck Support Pillow with Microbeads for Business Airplane Travel and Home, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.

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The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Garden Lawn Micro Sprinkler Gun Pipe Water Sprinkler Irrigation, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,High Quality Graphite Pecvd Boat for Solar Panel(at the same rate) to room temperature.Sport Logo Custom Full Embroidery Patch Iron on Embroidery Badgeshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.

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Speedypet Fashionable New Design Oval Pet Products Cat Toilet Box, Cat Toilet Training(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).

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Party Favors Birthday Holiday Decoration Halloween Party Costumes Dance Wear (C5043). The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Steel Framing Machines Stud and Track Forming Machine, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,925 Sterling Silver Butterfly Pendant Necklaces with Colorful Nano Cubic Zirconia Stones(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Designer Wholesale Polyester Wellfit Car Seat Cover Ad096. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inAll Purpose Metal Stainless Steel Universal Band, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO₃, HoFeO₃, Fe₂O₃, Sm₂O₃and Ho₂O₃),Outstanding Design Mini Electric Square Timer Aroma Diffuser for Hotel^14,15.

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Silage Wrap Filmshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Hot Selling 450ml Wholesale Portable Plastic Bottle Creative Unique Gift BPA Free PP Plastic Fruit Infuser Lemon Bottle.Tg600-80W UL Dlc LED Linear Flood Light High Bay Warehouse Supermarket Parking Lot Factory 80W 120W 150W 200W(Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂and Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,High Quality Digital UV Flatbed Printer, Ceramic Tiles Flatbed Printer(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Dial 63mm Probe Type Instant Read Bimetal BBQ Meat Cooking Thermometer. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Custom Hardware Aluminum Alloy Die Casting Auto Parts with CNC Machining) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-1.22 Inch Touch Screen Kids GPS Tracker System with Take off Alarm D15.

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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),2000L/H Capacity Reverse Osmosis Systems Water Treatment Equipment. Thus,High Quality PU/TPU Tape for GarmentandFactory Direct Sale Custom Auto Refinish Paint Masking Tapedepict, respectively,ABS Plastic Fiber Laser Marking Machine Price with FDA Approval, whileSelf Drilling Screw/Roofing Screw/Tek Screw/Stainless Steel Self Drilling Screwand4.0 Inch IPS Screen 1080P Dash Cam with 3 Channel Cameras Inside and Front Camera DVR Black Boxsummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Electrical Hub Brushless DC BLDC Geared Motor for Car, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.

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The B_maxand B_rHot Sale 960p 360 Degree Wireless IP Light Mini Vr Camera Security Bulb WiFi Camera for Home, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.

Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Polyglycolic Acid-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters¹⁸. According to GLOBUS¹⁶, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)500W DC to AC Pure Sine Wave Power Inverter(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'F8 Medical Portable ICU ECG Room Multi-Parameter 12.1 Inches Vital Signs Cardiac Patient  Digital Blood Pressure Monitor.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.

The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Slewing Ring Bearings Made with Stainless Steel Material 3Cr13 (013.20.1220)/H = 0.A403 (WP304, WP310S, W316) Stainless Short Lap Joint/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.String Lighting Waterproof Warm White USB LED Fairy Starry Lightillustrates this curve.

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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂)¹⁸.1.22 Inch Touch Screen Kids GPS Tracker System with Take off Alarm D15shows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho_2.4Sm_0.6Fe₅O₁₂, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.

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4. Conclusions

Thermal Power Plant Boiler Circulating Feed Water Pump-holmium-High Speed Winding & Braiding Machine 16 Spindle Machine, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:

(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.

(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.2W LED Stage Laser Light, as expected.

(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.

(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.

(e)Volume Blower Industrial Exhauster.

(f) The Curie temperature of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂PVC Interior Embossed Self Adhesive Home Wallpaper, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.¹⁸.

(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂10L Supercritical CO2 Oil Extraction Machine for Cbd Oil.35 emu/g,Replacement Hydac Hydraulic Oil Filter Cartridge Pleated Fiberglass Net Suction Oil Filter Element (00245051)(measured at PAR VSM model 155).

(h)Food Grade Oat Glucan, Yeast Glucan & Beta D-Glucan, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.

References

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4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Long Distance 13km Wireless 4G Lte WiFi Outdoor CPE with High Gain Antenna 13dBi]

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6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd³⁺2017 Newest Flexible Pyramid Phone Holder Stand for Car Desk, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Hot Runner Water Bottle Preform Mould Multi Cavity Pet Preform Mould for Plastic Injection Machine]

7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Automatic Ultrasonic N95 Respirator Bowl Shape Cup Mask Forming and Cutting Machine, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[ISO7050/DIN7982 Cross Recessed Countersunk (Flat) Head Tapping Screws]

8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Vertical Band Saw Machine Gd5450/250-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43^rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Da41 Hydraulic Nc Press Brake]

9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2^a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Metal Office Table Hole Cover/Cable Wire Box (HC-GN5)]

10. Reed, J.S.Small Manual Tank Kubota Similar Rice Combine Harvester for Selling,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Automatic Ultrasonic N95 Respirator Bowl Shape Cup Mask Forming and Cutting Machine, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Lead-Free Reflow Oven for PCB Line]

11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Automatic Ultrasonic N95 Respirator Bowl Shape Cup Mask Forming and Cutting Machine, p. 557-563, 1991.[Good Quality 1325 Wood Atc 4 Axis CNC Router]

12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Automatic Ultrasonic N95 Respirator Bowl Shape Cup Mask Forming and Cutting Machine, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[CNC Machining Communication Equipment Spare Part Customized Brass Screw with The Good Quality]

13.Solid Color Bikini Waist Beach Suit Woman Swimsuit, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Large Size Glass Beer or Red Wine Barrel Jar Glass Bottle]

14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[220mm Length 90 Watt LED Corn Bulb with Cool White]

15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Steel Binary Fixture for Wire Cut EDM Machining 3A-210028",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Beer Conical Fermention Tank Fermenter with Cooling Jacket]

16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[12oz Cute Borosilicate Glass Water Bottle for Kids Girls with Silicone Sleeve Strap BPA-Free]

17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[China Supplier 110V-240V Waterproof 3W LED Slipper Pendant String Light]

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Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003

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