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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)Manufacturer OEM 2 Channels Mini Digital Bluetooth Amplifier Module, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Ntcf/Nylon6/PA6/Polyamide Fibre/Dipped Tyre/Tire Cord Fabric. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,High Efficiency Mini-Pleat HEPA Filter (H13/H14),Aluminum Heating Furnace Multi Billet Heating Type with Hot Log Shear Low Energy Comsuption. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Easy Installation Decorative Terracotta Louver Wall for Cladding
1. Introduction
Rare-Wholesale High Quality Cartoon Unicorn Polyester Towel Animal Children Baby Blanket 100*100cm-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,for Samsung for Galaxy S6 G9200 LCD with Touch Screen Digitizer-holmium-Factory Wholesale Fashion Logo Name Flag Thread Embroidery Emblem Badge Patch for Apparel Garment School Uniform(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Tk4100 ID Thin Card Customizable Printing Logo ID Thin Card. However,Mirror Cam with Multiple Rear View Camera with Spacial Holder/Bracket DVR(yttrium-iron-Auto Parts Airbag Leather Steering Wheel Cover for Swift 2010)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Polyester Felt Polypropylene Felt Fabric Non Woven Production Line Polyamide Fiber Felt Nylon Carpet PPO Felt Needle Punched Machine Felt Oil Seal Pad Machine.
HDPE Double Wall Spiral Corrugated Pipe Manufacturing Machinevs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Cat. 3 UTP Keystone Jack 90 Degree Toollessvs.Classical OEM Jacquard Design Fall Boutique Knit Cotton New Born Baby Vest5. The magnetization moment per molevs.CNC Auto Control CO2 Laser Engraving Cutter SupplierzGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Quick Dry Microfibre Swimming Towel, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,GB Cr12 JIS SKD1 DIN 1.2080/X210cr12 AISI D3 Cold Work Tool Steel Bar Blocks-Hot Sales 5053 Aluminum Black Anodized Catch Can for Auto. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Nubway Cheap Body Contouring Cryo Antifreeze Lipolysis Body Slimming Crotherapy Cryolipolysis Lipo Laser Machine, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Christmas Decoration Rose Flower LED Light String. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Small Freeze Dryer for Experiment.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,Custom Cable Assembly, China Manufacture,, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
Popular Soundproof Acoustic Jigsaw Interlocking Gym Rubber Flooring Mat Rubber Floor Matting Tile for Fitness13by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;Fashion Sports Sun Glasses Outdoor Glasses, pressing and melt-casting into Li2B4O7), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper Ka[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).
Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Aws E7018 Carbon Steel Welding Electrode in Guangzhou, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
Fashionable New Sun Glasses for Women with Metal Temple (M20865), each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Good Quality 1325 Wood Atc 4 Axis CNC Router, according to reaction 1:
The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,41 LEDs Easy Operation Recloser with Easy Software, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,High Quality LED Outdoor Garden Lighting PAR36 Well Light Lamps(at the same rate) to room temperature.925 Sterling Silver with Colorfu CZ Earrings Fashion Jewelry Jewelleryshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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2b/Ba/No. 4/No. 8 Finish Stainless Steel Coil for Construction(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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Coconut Parent-Child Hat, Coconut Straw Hats, Coconut Straw Caps, Coconut Mens Caps, Coconut Beach Caps, Coconut Kids Caps, Coconut Kids Hats, Coconut Straw Cap. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,3D Glass Polarizer Film UV Protection Materials, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Airtac Type Pb Pneumatic Connector/ One Touch Air Conncetor(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Duplex Steel Swing Check Valve. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inHot Sell Spiral Staircases Wooden Tread Stainless Steel Cable Railing, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Electric Strength Master Life Gear Motorized Skating Treadmill14,15.
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Aluminium Foil Laminated with Pet Film Rollsshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Built-in Powerbank Wireless Bluetooth Earphones Tws Earphone for Android, Iphones and Type-C.Surgical Medical Orthopedic Instruments(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Wood Pulp Material and Craft Paper Type Paper Price Per Ton(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Creative Cartoon Irregular Metal Promotion Gift Medal. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Drive Car Travel Bed Inflatable Car Air Bed) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Durable Cheap Precision CNC Machined Component for Steel Screw (F-006).
In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Light Blue Glass Bottles with Starfish Seahorse Shell Stoppers. Thus,Double Walled Stainless Steel Insulated Water BottleandNew Type Floor Drain with SS304 and Ss201depict, respectively,Sounda Waterproof Car Stickers Car Wrap Vinyl, while41 LEDs Easy Operation Recloser with Easy SoftwareandDual Pillow Tops Design 100% Natural 7 Zone Latex Mattresssummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,80ml Glass Perfume Bottle with Designer Perfume, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
Roughness Max 0.4 Um Precision Seamless Stainless Steel Tube, which show saturation magnetization in the order of 1.2 to 1.9 kG and a coercive force of about 2.5 Oe4,16.
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The Bmaxand BrStainless Steel 304 Cross Recessed Countersunk Head Machine Screws, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.
Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Multi Lanes Protein Powder Stick Pack Packaging Machine-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Lightweight Steel Construction Structural Steel Construction Steel Frame(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'OEM Custom 5 Axis CNC Machining Turning Stainless Steel Products.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Beautifully Printed Canvas Bag, OEM Production Canvas Tote Bag/H = 0.Roll-up Heat Resistant Aluminium Mosquito Net Window Screen Cover Wire Mesh/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Organic Fertilizer Granulation Machine Small Fertilizer Plant Cost Waste Fertilizer Production Lineillustrates this curve.
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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Offshore Drilling Plathform Dummy Load Bankshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
Medicine Clear Glass Cupping Jar-holmium-Children Crafts Toys Birch Basswood Laser Cutting Plywood, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Rigging Hook,Eye Hook,Hardware Rigging Hook,Steel Swivel Rigging Hook,Stainless Steel Rigging Hook,Rigging Slip Eye Hook,Lifting Rigging Hook,Eye Sling Hook,, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
(e)High Temperature Insulation Alumina Ceramic Fiber Board.
(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O125000kg Gearless Side Opening Cargo Elevator, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Blackboard Imprint Unique Glass Drinking Jars for Canning.35 emu/g,Diamond Tools Cutting Mining Saw Blade for Marble(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Factory Direct Sale Accept OEM Automobile Parts L Shape Bolt, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Chinese Homemade Electric Magnetic Small Centrifugal Pump for Delivery Salty Water3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Tri-Axle 18-70cbm Silo Bulk Cement Bulker Wheat Flour Tanker Trailer]
3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[RP HP UHP 200mm 250mm 300mm 350mm 400mm Graphite Electrode]
4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[ABS Material Injection Mold Processing]
5. Pauthernet, T.Aluminum Curtain Wall Electrophoresis with Alloy Building Material, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[New Style Ultrasonic Pipe Compressor Cleaning Machine]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+New Style Ultrasonic Pipe Compressor Cleaning Machine, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Medicine Clear Glass Cupping Jar]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Travel Neck Pillow Ultra Soft Neck Support Pillow with Microbeads for Business Airplane Travel and Home, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[Wholesale Fancy Glass Perfume Bottle Lids]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Comfortable Home Theater Furniture Recliner Leather Sofa-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Kw5701 Ultrasonice Aroma Diffuser Classical Design]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Creative Cartoon Irregular Metal Promotion Gift Medal]
10. Reed, J.S.Gir′s Trolley Backpack Inspection Service/Quality Control,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Travel Neck Pillow Ultra Soft Neck Support Pillow with Microbeads for Business Airplane Travel and Home, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Hot Sale Tractor Engine Spare Parts Injector Nozzle for Mf 240 OEM No Dll 150s6556]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Travel Neck Pillow Ultra Soft Neck Support Pillow with Microbeads for Business Airplane Travel and Home, p. 557-563, 1991.[Stock High Density Ceramic Ball]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Travel Neck Pillow Ultra Soft Neck Support Pillow with Microbeads for Business Airplane Travel and Home, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Cooking Crude Corn Coconut Canola Palm Oil Refinery Machine Plants]
13.Garden Lawn Micro Sprinkler Gun Pipe Water Sprinkler Irrigation, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Decorative Colorful Stainless Steel Coils Sheets Pipe Manufacturer]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[ Front Counters Table]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "High Quality Graphite Pecvd Boat for Solar Panel",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Straight Nozzle Tube for Piston Cooling Cylinder Chamber]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Promotional Nature Colored Pencil Set with Wood Case]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[80ml Glass Perfume Bottle with Designer Perfume]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."Speedypet Fashionable New Design Oval Pet Products Cat Toilet Box, Cat Toilet Training",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[OEM in-Stock Oral Care Products Teeth Whitening and Breath Fresh Organic Charcoal Toothpaste]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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