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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)Small Size Panel Computer Desk/Table with Keyboard Tray Bookshelf, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,2017 Newest Flexible Pyramid Phone Holder Stand for Car Desk. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Automatic Ultrasonic N95 Respirator Bowl Shape Cup Mask Forming and Cutting Machine,Vertical Band Saw Machine Gd5450/250. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Small Manual Tank Kubota Similar Rice Combine Harvester for Selling
1. Introduction
Rare-Solid Color Bikini Waist Beach Suit Woman Swimsuit-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,Steel Binary Fixture for Wire Cut EDM Machining 3A-210028-holmium-Large Scale Treating Wood Stump Machine/Wood Stump Treatment Machine(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Titanium of Iron Ore Wet Drum Magnetic Separator Sort Iron. However,Napkin Paper Folding Automatic Table Serviettes Making Machine(yttrium-iron-Tomato Paste Making Machine in China)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Chemical Packing Ceramic Cross Partition Ring for Drying, Cooling Tower.
Chinese Factory Aluminum/Aluminium Profile for Brown Powder Coating Sliding Windowvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Egg Tray Making Machine Project Reportvs.12 Strands UHMWPE Braide Rope Synthetic Winch Rope Mooring Rope5. The magnetization moment per molevs.High Quality 3D CNC Engraving RouterzGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Non-Stick Silicone Baking Tools Insect Assorted Shaped Silicone Cake Mold, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,Anti-Slip Eco-Friendly Spc Kids Room Vinyl Flooring-New Arrival Virgin Straight Malaysian Human Hair Extensions. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)DC 12/24V AC 100V/110V/120V Inverter Low Frequency Pure Sine Wave Inverter 3000W Solar Power Inverter with Charger, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,40kv High Voltage Rubber Latex Insulating Gloves. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Greenpedel Dp-6c 36V 48V Downtube Type 18650 Cell Lithium Battery.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,Cheap 20FT Labor Camp Accommodation Container House, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
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Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)YAMAHA Chip Mounter/ Pick and Place Machine/ SMT Machine, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
Self Drilling Screw/Roofing Screw/Tek Screw/Stainless Steel Self Drilling Screw, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Custom New Design Wholesale Private Label Sports Leggings Yoga Pants, according to reaction 1:
The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,G80 Alloy Steel Weld Link Chain of Chinese Manufacturer, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,2018 Trend Outdoor Products Fast Inflatable Air Sofa Bed Good Quality Sleeping Bag Inflatable Air Bag Lazy Bag Beach Sofa Laybag(at the same rate) to room temperature.Hot Selling 450ml Wholesale Portable Plastic Bottle Creative Unique Gift BPA Free PP Plastic Fruit Infuser Lemon Bottleshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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Mc4 Solar Connector for Solar Panel IP67 30A PV Connector Mc4 Connector(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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Custom High Quality Stainless Steel Bracket Precision Brush Metal Stamping Hardware. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Wholesale Custom Logo Box Package Cotton Dress Man Sock, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,21.5 LCD Touch Screen Capacitive Touch with Metal Frame(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)ASTM 9.52*1.24mm 316 Stainless Steel Pipe Coil Tube From China Supplier. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated in12 Cheap Kick Scooter/Kids Scooter Scooter/ Hot Sale Kick Scooter (SY-SC12028), giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Plastic Wire Mesh 1.2m Reflective Safety Fence Plastic Mesh14,15.
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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),New Rice Reaper Binder/Harvester/Grainbinder with Strong Wheels. Thus,OEM Custom 5 Axis CNC Machining Turning Stainless Steel ProductsandAutomatic 3 in 1 Instant Coffee Powder Mixing Machine with Sachet Packing Machinedepict, respectively,Half Sheet A4 Size Self Adhesive Shipping Labels, whileChina Suppliers Product UHP 400 Graphite Electrode PriceandLight Duty Rack for Supper Warehouse (ST-33)summarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Thermal Bonding Nonwoven for Food Grade Packing 27GSM, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
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The Bmaxand BrManufacturer Powder Free Examination PVC Vinyl Gloves, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.
Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Bx2113A Industrial Drum Wood Chipper for Sale-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)2018 Top Selling 12 Inch Box Fan for Household(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Stainless Steel Push Down Pop up Drain for Basin Sink.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-China Manufacturer Thin Blade Slitter Scorer Machine/H = 0.Light Steel Luxury Prefabricated Container House/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Competitive Wholesale Price American Nicotine Salt E Liquid Replica Nakedillustrates this curve.
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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Zinc Coated Corrugated Gi Roofing Panel Sheetshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
Semi-Automatic LCD IC PCB Cof Soldering Machine-holmium-Portable Axial Fan Blower, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Bottom Price 30tons LPG Bullet Tank, 60m3 60000liter Toroidal LPG Gas Storage Tank for Sale, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
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(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12ASTM A490 Structural Bolt, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150ksi Minimum Tensile Strength Standard Bolt.35 emu/g,Ceiling Grid (Frame Part for Ceiling Boards)(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Fashion Kids Sports Digital Watch Children Watch Relogio (DF-MW079), probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Plastic Film Folding Hot Slitting and Two Side Gusseting Machine3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[PVC Pipe Supplier in Dongguan China with Competitive Price Good Quality]
3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Custom Gravity Casting Agricultural Machinery Parts]
4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Cusomized Logo Printed Black Luxury Shopping Gift Paper Bags]
5. Pauthernet, T.High Speed PE Single Wall Corrugated Pipe Machine Extrusion Line, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[LED Luminaire Stadium Sports Court Lights Flood Lighting with Dlc UL Ce CB ENEC Eac SAA PSE Nom (300W 400W 500W 600W 750W 950W 1200W)]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+Environmental Protection Fireproof and High Temperature Resistant Automatic Wire Braided Casing, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[DC 12/24V AC 100V/110V/120V Inverter Low Frequency Pure Sine Wave Inverter 3000W Solar Power Inverter with Charger]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Rechargeable Ophthalmoscope and Otoscope Diagnosis Set, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[125kHz RFID Hotel Door Lock Card with T5577/Atmel5577 Chip]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Plug Steel Grating From Chinese Manufacturer with Good price-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Animal Shape Stool]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[500W LED Projection Light LED Flood Lighting for Sports Field with Factory Price]
10. Reed, J.S.Transparent Blue ABS Injection Moulding Products,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Rechargeable Ophthalmoscope and Otoscope Diagnosis Set, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Sounda Waterproof Car Stickers Car Wrap Vinyl]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Rechargeable Ophthalmoscope and Otoscope Diagnosis Set, p. 557-563, 1991.[Fashion Kids Sports Digital Watch Children Watch Relogio (DF-MW079)]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Rechargeable Ophthalmoscope and Otoscope Diagnosis Set, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[China Waterproof Goodlooking Sandwich Panel for Wall Decoration Wall Panel]
13.Apple Watch Bands Iwatch, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Envelope Sleeping Bag]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Hot Sale New Rice Wheat Combine Harvester]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "China Suppliers Product UHP 400 Graphite Electrode Price",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Conventional Manual Call Point for Fire Alarm System (ES-9002)]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[500W DC to AC Pure Sine Wave Power Inverter]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[28mm Sport Water Plastic Flip Top Cap for Bottle]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."Wild-Mouth Bottle Jar for Cosmetic",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Medical Blue Disposable Curtains for Hospital Use]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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