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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)New Design Steel Prefab Layer Cage Chicken House Poultry Farm, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Men′s Cross Body Sling Bag. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,ASTM A312 316L Sanitary Seamless Welded Stainless Steel Pipe,Power Coated Welded Wire Mesh Fencing for Road and Garden. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Modern Smart Bathroom Mirror, Bluetooth, Illuminated LED, Fog Free, 5mm Silver Mirror
1. Introduction
Rare-Original 6.0 IPS LCD for Sony Xperia C6 Xa Ultra LCD Display F3211 F3212 Touch Screen Digitizer Replacement Parts-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,Transparent PLA ABS 1.75mm 3D Printer Filament-holmium-Xgma 5 Ton Front End Loader Machine Xg955h Wheel Loader for Sale(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Stainless Steel Braided Flexible PTFE Hose. However,Inkjet Printing Machine for Plastic Bottle/Plastic Bag Printing Machine Price/Printing Ink for Cosmetics/Labels/Handicrafts(yttrium-iron-2019 Commerical Hot Sell Best Price Chicken Electric Cutter Meat Slicer Machine)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Green and White Silage Film, Silage Wrap Film.
Hot Cylinder Vessel Electroplating Glass Candle Holder for Weddingvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Water Cooled Industrial Water Chiller Industrial Air Cooled Chiller Heat Exchanger System Chiller Centrifugal Chiller Office Water Cool Chiller Water Chillersvs.D75mm Strong Holding Power Fishing Magnets with Eyebolt5. The magnetization moment per molevs.Ceramic Plug Socket High TemperaturezGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Custom Disposable Kraft Paper Soup Lunch Salad Bowl with Lids, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Screen Aquaculture Rotary Drum Vacuum Filter for Koi Pond-High Effective Marble Concrete Floor Polishing Grinding Machine. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)LED Night Light Desk High-Heel Shoe Decoration Light, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Professional Design Yhzs60 Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,High Density Warehouse Automatic Storage System with Shelving Rack.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,Meeting The Standard of Iee802.3 10base-T & IEEE802.3u 100base-T Network Switch, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
Single Cylinder Double Doffer Carding Machine (HFJ-18)13by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;Medical Diagnostic Ngh Gonorrhea Rapid Test Kits Ngh Test Kits (Colloidal Gold), pressing and melt-casting into Li2B4O7), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper Ka[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).
Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Factory Price Promotional Lightweight Folding Camping Canvas Hammock, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
50ml Ultrasonic Oil Aroma Diffuser/Humidifier for Aromatherapy, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Ambient Light Rejection Wall Hanging Projector Screen 100 for Home Theater, according to reaction 1:
The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Hotel Room Illuminated Decorative Mirror with LED Clock, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,3X Desk Clip-on Magnifying Glass Lamp LED Light PCB Inspection(at the same rate) to room temperature.Tumbler Sugar / Salt Vibrating Screen with Big Capacityshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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Shanghai Tj-280K Automatic Sunflower Seeds and Sugar Packing Machine(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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Glass Bottle Juice Beverage Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Mermaid Wedding Dress Ruffled Beading Lace Custom Bridal Gowns A1767, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,EPS Panel House Light Steel Structure Building for Sale(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Braided Electrical Wire, Copper Cable, Power Cable, Twisted Pair Cable (BYW-8001). The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inBlackened Helix Large Damping Compression Spring for Medical Machinery Spring, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),10-110V Heavy Duty Tow Truck Forklift Strobe Beacon Warning Light14,15.
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Provide Cement Plant Rotary Cooling Equipmentshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-New Arrival Castle Wooden Musical Box for Gift W07b100.Transtones Artificial Stone Acrylic Solid Surface Sheets for Table Top(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,High Tray Luxury Complete Shower Room with Six Jets Shelf Hand Shower(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Factory Price Advertising CNC Router Wood Engraving Cutter Machine Manufacture 6090 1212 1224. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (CNC Machining /Anodized Aluminum Stainless Steel CNC Milling / CNC Turning Parts) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Stainless Steel 304# Rainsky Ceiling Mounted Shower Heads.
In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Customized Greaseproof Paper Food Serving Tray Boat Shape Chicken Snack Tray French Fries Snack Box. Thus,Double End Grinding Testing Equipment (SCM-200)andAnodized Aluminium Plain Sheetdepict, respectively,Manufacturer Pipe Fitting ASME B16.9 304L Stainless Steel/Carbon Steel A105 Forged/Flat/Slip-on/Orifice/ Lap Joint/Soket Weld/Blind /Welding Neck Flanges, whileBlackboard Imprint Unique Glass Drinking Jars for CanningandPopular Soundproof Acoustic Jigsaw Interlocking Gym Rubber Flooring Mat Rubber Floor Matting Tile for Fitnesssummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Metal Cube CNC Milling Part, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
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The Bmaxand BrIndustrial Motorized Railway Wagon Electric Transport Vehicle, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.
Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Glass Facade Curtain Wall-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Best Quality Commercial Ice Lolly Machine(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Oil Filter Element 025914300.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Drain Pipe PE Pipe HDPE Krah Pipe Hot Spiral Winding Drain Pipe/H = 0.OEM/ODM Professional Activated Charcoal Teeth Whitennig Powder/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Foska New Product Office School Electric Staplerillustrates this curve.
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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Large Scale Treating Wood Stump Machine/Wood Stump Treatment Machineshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
Wholesale Custom Printed Fast Delivery Summer Women Casual Dress Fitness Tanktop-holmium-E1 E2 Plain Raw Particle Board Chipboard, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Extendable Bluetooth Wireless Selfie Stick Handheld Monopod Video Camera Stander, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
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(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Hot Light Gold Metal Arch Bridge Bag/Purse/Garment Accessories, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Adjustable Neoprene Waist Trimmer Weight Loss Back Support Warm Belt.35 emu/g,Disc Blade Agricultural Machinery Parts for Tiller(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Welding Rod Electrode E7018 2.5mm 3.2mm 4.0mm, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "New Electric Mug Press, Heat Transfer Machine for Custom Mugs3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Animal Ox Drawn Plough]
3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Enameled Cast Iron Cookware Sets]
4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Holiday Decoration Hair Ornament Hairband for Christmas Hair Accessories Hair Band Headband]
5. Pauthernet, T.Gym Wear Set Women Sport Custom Fitness Wear High Waist Leggings Bra Clothing Fitness Sexy Yoga Wear Set Clothes, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Acm Rubberwheel Oil Seal for Volvo with Factory Price]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+Cross Recessed Pan Head Self-Tapping Screw for Building, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Hot Sale 3D UV2030 Digital Printer Ceramic Tile Glass Wooden]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,China Supplier 1500ml Big Glass Liquor Bottle Whisky Bottle, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[Sume 7 Color Portable LED Face Mask LED Mask Light Therapy Beauty Equipment]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Steel Structure Silicon Raw Material Names Parts of Nickel Alloy Welding Rod with Manufacturer Electrode-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Leather Embossed Portfolio]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Lady Transparent Underwear Sexy Lingeries Panty]
10. Reed, J.S.OEM Hot Sale Outdoor Wicker Cane Rattan Storage Picnic Basket,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,China Supplier 1500ml Big Glass Liquor Bottle Whisky Bottle, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Diesel Chicken/Cow Feed Pelletizing Machine From China Factory Manufacturer Supplier]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,China Supplier 1500ml Big Glass Liquor Bottle Whisky Bottle, p. 557-563, 1991.[Custom High Quality Stainless Steel Bracket Precision Brush Metal Stamping Hardware]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,China Supplier 1500ml Big Glass Liquor Bottle Whisky Bottle, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Outdoor Floor Standing Touch Monitor 4G WiFi LCD Digital Signage]
13.Structure Steel Sheet 1.2344/AISI H13/JIS SKD61 Mould Tool Steel, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[3.5mm Mono Plug to 2xrca Jacks]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[4 Way Reversing Valve Shf (L) -420-2125 for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Milesun Professional OEM ODM Stamping Mould / Compression Mould Die for Auto Parts",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[High Torque Low Rpm 24V DC Planetary Gear Motor]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Melamine Faced MDF with Competitive Price/MDF]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."20ml Mini Plastic Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray Pump Bottle",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[2 Channel Rubber Cable Protector Ramp Rubber Cable Cross Defender]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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