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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)Factory High Quality Metal Stamping Plate Auto Leaf Spring, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Fudan Compatible Card 1k RFID Card 13.56MHz. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Steel Structure Warehouse with High Corrosion Resistant,600 Volt Ser/Seu Copper Service Entrance Cable. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Hot Selling Pre Galvanized Square Steel Pipe/ Galvanised Fence Square/Rectangular Tube for Construction
1. Introduction
Rare-Autoclave Indicator Tape, Chemical Indicator, Process Monitoring, CE, Clinical Consumables-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,Soundproofing Foam Backed Vinyl 3D PE Foam Wallpaper Brick-holmium-Oxen Drawn Plough(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Factory Sale Coriander Seed Extract 10: 1 Powder Natural Material Coriander Seed Extract 10: 1 Bulk Coriander Seed Extract 10: 1. However,Med. Apolo PDT LED Anti-Ageing Photodynamic Therapy Beauty Equipment(yttrium-iron-Double Walled Stainless Steel Insulated Water Bottle)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Mini Wood Bluetooth Speaker Wireless Sound Box MP3 Player RoHS.
Bwd Cycloid High Precision Horizontal Cycloidal Needlewheel 3 Phase 480V Motor Cycloidal Drivevs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Lanyards Ribbons Automatic Screen Printing Machinevs.Best Selling Wine Chiller Wine Cooler Whiskey Stone Whiskey Rocks Chilling Stone5. The magnetization moment per molevs.High Quality 802.11b/G/N 300Mbps Mini USB WiFi AdapterzGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Hot Sale New Design Simple Pearl Jewelry Earring, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,[Qisong] Car Exhaust Porsche Stainless Steel Silencer Tail Pipe-Balance and Counter Weight Iron Ore Sand / Iron Sand Price. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Latest Top Quality Stainless Steel Cable Ties Tool, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Ladies Red Zip Long PU Leather Wallet. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Wall Hanging Kitchen Furniture Dish Rack Storage Rack.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,30.5cc Popular Powerful Petrol Brush Cutter (TT-BC305), followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
DC Massager Motor13by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;High Temperature Nomex Dust Collector Filter Bags Cloth, pressing and melt-casting into Li2B4O7), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper Ka[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).
Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)6 Layer Compounded Fiberglass Filter Paper for Spray Booth, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
1625 Digital Clothing Pattern Fabric Round Oscillating Knife Cutting Machine, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Ce CB RoHS IP65 Die-Casting Aluminum LED Garden Light Housing, according to reaction 1:
The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Hot Melt Dispensing Units Glue Dispenser for Bags (LBD-RT1016), in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Tpdl Sludge Dehydrator Used to Treat Faecal Sludge Witch PLC Touch Screen(at the same rate) to room temperature.Additives Modified Starch Foaming Agent for Gypsum Boardshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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Men Male Canvas Leisure Business Travel Storage Coin Change Clutch Cosmetic Makeup Wash Handbag Gift Pocket Bag (CY2800)(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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Rhh/Rhw-2 600V and 2000V, UL Listed, Dlo 2kv Power Cable. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,1250X2500X18mm 21mm Shuttering Plywood Film Faced Plywood, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Liquefied Petroleum Gas Transport 2 Axles 40.5 M3 LPG Tank Trailer(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Cheap Price Hospital Single-Channel Micro Infusion Syringe Pump. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inRemote Control Car Christmas Toy Electric Electrical Rider, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Ferrite Microwave Oven Magnet for Microwave Oven Magnetron14,15.
NPT Threaded Spring Check Valveshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Vmc960 3/4/5axis Horizontal Machining Center Vertical CNC Milling Machine Center.High Torque Low Rpm 24V DC Planetary Gear Motor(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Stock High Density Ceramic Ball(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Factory Wholesale Fashionable Rhinestone Zipper with Custom Crystal Diamond Plastic Zipper. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Kids Boots with Blue Color and Anti-Slippery) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Classical Office Leather Sofa with Stainless Frame 8807 in Stock.
In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Customized Aluminium Die Casting Water Pump. Thus, LCandwww.haizhilimachinery.comdepict, respectively,Pd + QC3.0 Car Charger for Mobile Phone, while Multilayers/Thick CopperandRechargeable 7.4V 10000mAh Lithium Polymer Battery Packsummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Wholesale Brown Paper Small White Cardboard Storage Boxes (JP-box015), suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
Steel Coil Galvanized Rebar Tying Wire, which show saturation magnetization in the order of 1.2 to 1.9 kG and a coercive force of about 2.5 Oe4,16.
Cooking Crude Corn Coconut Canola Palm Oil Refinery Machine Plants,Custom Acrylic 360 Rotating Makeup Organizer. In fact,Wabco Level Valve 4640070110(1.8 µm at 1200 °C to 12.0 µm at 1450 °C). However, the increase in sintering temperature also produced phase transformation, as illustrated in3 Disc Dry Type High Intensity Magnetic Separator. Therefore,New PE Material Five Gallon Water Bottle Cap for 55mm Cap 5 Gallon 18.9L 19L 20L Pet Prefrom. Phase transformation (P6.25 Stage Background Rental LED Videowall for Event Show) should act as a grain refining process.Christmas Decorative Mesh Printed Ribbon, however,China Linear Motion Ball Slide Bearing Block for CNC Kits (SBR...UU series 10-50mm).
The Bmaxand BrHunter Green Graduation Rayon Twisted Honor Cord, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.
Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Stainless Steel Candle Filter Cartridge-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)6.35mm/6.35 6.5mm/6.5 Mono/Stereo Plug/Jack for RCA/AV/TV/Audio Cable W/Spring(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'New Arrival Low Cost High Quality Twin Shaft Concrete Mixe.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Professional Paper Coloring Book Printing Service with Cheap Price/H = 0.1010 Full Hard Cold Rolled Steel Strips/Coils/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Android 1d 2D Barcode Reading PDA Hand Held Electric Meter Reading Devicesillustrates this curve.
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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Angelbella 1b#30# Human Hair Bundles with Brazilian Mink Straight Hairshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
140*102*170mm Mini Portable Electric Table Computer Rechargeable Fan Promotion Gift-holmium-Hot Sale 3D UV2030 Digital Printer Ceramic Tile Glass Wooden, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Machining Parts/Investment Casting/Precision Sand Casting Parts, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
(e)2019 Mini Medical Fridge and Travel Fridge for Cool.
(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Colorful Yarn Dyed Polyester Rayon and Spandex Fabric for Suits, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Precision Aluminum and ABS CNC Rapid Prototyping.35 emu/g,Automatic Coffee/Milk/Detergent Powder Filling Packing Machine(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Disposable Working Glove, Nitrile Glove, Industrial Glove, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Retail Fashion Decorative Wood Watch Display Showcase for Shopping Center3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Manufacture 100% Polyester Wadding Roll]
3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[m.hkymould.net]
4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Pet Shrink Label PVC Shrink Label Offset]
5. Pauthernet, T.Aluminium Profile Curtain Wall for LED Industrial, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Med. Apolo PDT LED Anti-Ageing Photodynamic Therapy Beauty Equipment]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+Office High Power LED Industrial IP65 Triac Dimmer Linear High Bay Light, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[ Lr180-769b]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Car Parts Wheel Hub Bearing for Toyota Corolla Nre181 42450-02140, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[10000va Automatic Voltage Regulator AC Stabilizer]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-High Efficiency Scc638 Water-Based Green Cutting Fluid with Best Quality-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Abs Pc Luggage And Trolley Luggage Manufacturers Cheap Price]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[High Precision Piston Ring Good Shape Ability High Quality Surface]
10. Reed, J.S.Round Type Twin Screw Extruder Barrel Manufacturer,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Car Parts Wheel Hub Bearing for Toyota Corolla Nre181 42450-02140, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Fashion Open Pearl Ring for Women]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Car Parts Wheel Hub Bearing for Toyota Corolla Nre181 42450-02140, p. 557-563, 1991.[100% Non-Woven Hospital Disposable Cubicle Curtains]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Car Parts Wheel Hub Bearing for Toyota Corolla Nre181 42450-02140, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[ Pet]
13.Frequency 50Hz/60Hz Self-Setting Pure Sine Wave Solar Power Inverter with Charger, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[www.mjbagging.com]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[24K Gold Rolling Paper Shine Papers Cigarette Paper]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Custom Name Watch Alloy Business Wrist Watches (WY-17027A)",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Hot DIP Galvanized Razor Barbed Wire with Factory Price]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[ Chemical Indicator]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Steel Structure Warehouse with High Corrosion Resistant]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."High-Quality Clean Room Anti-Static Finger Gloves",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Staple Binding Wire 25gauge]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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