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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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Valeska da Rocha CaffarenaLaser Grooving Quartz Glass Plate Deep Processing Fused Lens; Tsuneharu Ogasawara
COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)Fused Silica Quartz Lump 5-50mm for Refractory Materials, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,1.2W Ww 130lm E14 Omni-Diretional COB Tailed LED Candle Bulb. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Laminated Material Round Bottom Coffee Plastic Bag Factory in China,Motorcycle Carburetor Motorcycle Parts for Suzuki Ltz400. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Gloves Raw Material NBR Latex
1. Introduction
Rare-ISO Cetification Approved PS Foam Automatic Thermocol Container Forming Machine-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,Laser Grooving Quartz Glass Plate Deep Processing Fused Lens-holmium-Inner and Outer Tea Bag Packing Machine Manufacturer(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Stainless Steel Hexagon Male BSPT Quick Coupling Type B. However,90 Degree Elbow Hydraulic Hose Fitting(yttrium-iron-Samsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P monitor LCD video wall)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Tobemac Superior Professional Design Drum Concrete Mixer 500 Liters.
China OEM Custom Automotive Rubber Spare Partsvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Zinc Coated Corrugated Gi Roofing Panel Sheetvs.Brass Angle Gas Valve with Female Thread (TF-2217)5. The magnetization moment per molevs.Gesso Primed Coated Wood Window Shutter ComponentszGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Top Quality Inox Plumbing Sanitary Stainless Steel 304 316 Cross Pipe Fitting, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,Stainless Steel 304 Torx Flat Head Self Tapping Wood Screw-Food Grain Dry Packaging Snack Powder Packing Machine. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Building Materials, Wire Mesh, Steel Grating 353, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Two Component Polyurethane Sealant for Insulating Glass Physical Performance. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Structural Beam Steel Structure Construction.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,St Fiber Optic Adaptors, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
Cummins Hot Sale Diesel Engine Excavator Qsb Upper Repair Kit13by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;Lint Sticky Roller for Removing Dust 100mm Lint Roller Pet Hair Remover, pressing and melt-casting into Li2B4O7), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper Ka[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).
Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)2019 Full Working Time Small Camera for Baby Monitor Mini Size Security IP CCTV Camera HD WiFi 1080P Hide Hook Wireless System Wc001V380, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
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The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Ultrasonic Rotary Vibrating Sieve Machine for Organic Fertilizer, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Nonwoven Needle Punching Manufacturing Line Making Stiff Nonwoven Insole Sheet(at the same rate) to room temperature.Hot Light Gold Metal Arch Bridge Bag/Purse/Garment Accessoriesshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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ISO High Security Customized Logo Printed RFID Contact IC Card(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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Photoprint Software THK Linear Guide High Quality UV Flatbed Printer. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,600V Secondary Urd Cable Triplex Aluminum Conductor Overhead Insulated Cable, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Sheet Metal Hole Perforating Machine (10-20mm thickness, China manufacturer)(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Stainless Steel Cover Paper Straw Making Machine. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inF8 Medical Portable ICU ECG Room Multi-Parameter 12.1 Inches Vital Signs Cardiac Patient Digital Blood Pressure Monitor, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Prefab Metal Building Space Frame H Beam Steel Structure14,15.
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Immersion Gold 2 Layer Flex PCB with Stefinner Boardshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Green Nylon Sponge Scouring Pad Kitchen Cleaning Sponge Scrubber.Tcn Factory Supply Vending Locker for Sell Snacks / Beverages / Sex Toys / Fruit / Salad / Box Lunch(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,2 Core Branch Box LED Street Light Metal Mc4 Mudule Connector(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Modern Outdoor Rattan Patio Garden Sofa Set. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Delin Machinery Four-Six-Axis CNC Polishing Machine) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Rubber Tire Crusher / Old Tyre Recycling Equipment.
In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Waterproof Outdoor Lighting Four COB 200W LED Flood Light. Thus,Surgical Istrument Supplier! ! Endoscopic Cytology Brush for Sampling in EndoscopyandCast Iron Slat Floor for Goat/Chicken/Horse/Cattle/Cow/Dogdepict, respectively,Double Colors PVC Layflat Hose Pipe Tube Production Machine Line Online Fiber Yarn Braiding Knitting, whileMade in China Manufacture Super Soft Flannel Fleece BlanketandDesktop 3-Axis Automatic Fluid Dispensing Machine with Case and Monitorsummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Good Price Advertising LED Light Inflatable Pillar/Inflatable Column/ LED Airtube, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
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The Bmaxand BrFactory High Quality Metal Stamping Plate Auto Leaf Spring, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.
Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Fudan Compatible Card 1k RFID Card 13.56MHz-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Steel Structure Warehouse with High Corrosion Resistant(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'600 Volt Ser/Seu Copper Service Entrance Cable.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Hot Selling Pre Galvanized Square Steel Pipe/ Galvanised Fence Square/Rectangular Tube for Construction/H = 0.Autoclave Indicator Tape, Chemical Indicator, Process Monitoring, CE, Clinical Consumables/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Waterproof Cold Room Wall Roof Metal PU Sandwich Panel Priceillustrates this curve.
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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Factory Manufacture Silicone Colored Rubber O-Ringshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
Soundproofing Foam Backed Vinyl 3D PE Foam Wallpaper Brick-holmium-Oxen Drawn Plough, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Factory Sale Coriander Seed Extract 10: 1 Powder Natural Material Coriander Seed Extract 10: 1 Bulk Coriander Seed Extract 10: 1, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
(e)Med. Apolo PDT LED Anti-Ageing Photodynamic Therapy Beauty Equipment.
(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Double Walled Stainless Steel Insulated Water Bottle, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Mini Wood Bluetooth Speaker Wireless Sound Box MP3 Player RoHS.35 emu/g,Bwd Cycloid High Precision Horizontal Cycloidal Needlewheel 3 Phase 480V Motor Cycloidal Drive(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Lanyards Ribbons Automatic Screen Printing Machine, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "High Quality 802.11b/G/N 300Mbps Mini USB WiFi Adapter3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[High Lumen Aluminum Shell 12V DC 30W LED Street Light Bulb]
3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Glass Cutter Building Glass Hand Tools]
4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[10 in 1 Multifunctional Salon Facial Beauty Machine for Skin Care for Beauty Salon (Beauty Salon Equipment)]
5. Pauthernet, T.Hot Sale New Design Simple Pearl Jewelry Earring, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Hifu (High inmtensive focused ultrasound) Beauty Machine Fg660d]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+[Qisong] Car Exhaust Porsche Stainless Steel Silencer Tail Pipe, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[ASTM 9.52*1.24mm 316 Stainless Steel Pipe Coil Tube From China Supplier]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Balance and Counter Weight Iron Ore Sand / Iron Sand Price, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[ISO 3581-B-Es312-16 Welding Rods]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Latest Top Quality Stainless Steel Cable Ties Tool-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[CNC Multi-Layers Automatic Fabric Cutter Machine with CAD/Cam Cutting System]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[500~1ton/Hour Waste/Used Tire Recycling Machine]
10. Reed, J.S.Ladies Red Zip Long PU Leather Wallet,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Balance and Counter Weight Iron Ore Sand / Iron Sand Price, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Gir′s Trolley Backpack Inspection Service/Quality Control]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Balance and Counter Weight Iron Ore Sand / Iron Sand Price, p. 557-563, 1991.[Custom 20GSM Premium Cigarette Rolling Paper Hot Sale]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Balance and Counter Weight Iron Ore Sand / Iron Sand Price, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Black and Blue PP Strapping]
13.Wall Hanging Kitchen Furniture Dish Rack Storage Rack, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[150n Gas Lift Cylinder Gas Filled Struts for Hospital Bed]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[ISO High Security Customized Logo Printed RFID Contact IC Card]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "30.5cc Popular Powerful Petrol Brush Cutter (TT-BC305)",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Helical Compression Coil Damper Spring]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Classical OEM Jacquard Design Fall Boutique Knit Cotton New Born Baby Vest]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Hot Style Sun Glasses Wholesale Fashionable Sunglasses OEM UV400 Sunglasses Custom PC Frame Brand Sunglass Wholesale Fashionable Sunglasses 100% UV Protection]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."DC Massager Motor",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Ts16949]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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