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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil

ABSTRACT

An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂(samarium-holmium-iron)Ce 18 X 48 Rubber Open Mill for Rubber Compound Mixing, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,High Quality Mold Base, Plastic Injection Mold Base, Mold Base for Die Casting Mold. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Anti-Slip Wooden Vinyl PVC Flooring Spc Plank Ulinin Click Floor,China Supplier 110V-240V Waterproof 3W LED Slipper Pendant String Light. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.

Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Electrical Portable Desert Air Cooler with LED+Remote

1. Introduction

Rare-Rchina Products/Suppliers. Roller Conveyor Shot Blasting Machine for of Steel Sheets, Sections, Beam-structured ferrites, R₃Fe₅O₁₂(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention^1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization^3,4. In this work,925 Sterling Silver with Colorfu CZ Earrings Fashion Jewelry Jewellery-holmium-Multipurpose Variable Pitch Cylindrically Helical Spring_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂was synthesized and characterized.Double End Grinding Testing Equipment (SCM-200). However,High Precision Metal Injection Molding Process Service Stainless Steel Parts(yttrium-iron-Low Prices Jq Series Pan Type Concrete Mixer for Sale)^4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Candy Chocolate Stir and Melting Holding Tank.

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2. Experimental Procedure

The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,2-Way Automatic Electric Brass Ball Valve AC220V. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K⁺ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water⁷. A thermodynamic analysis⁸indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,3G 5g 7g 10g 15g 20g/H Wall-Mounted Stainless Steel Ozone Generator.5.

The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl^-and SO₄^2-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO₄, respectively⁹. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation¹⁰, i.e.,304 Stainless Steel 5 Compartment Food Containers Lunchbox with Lid, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed¹¹(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).

Subsequent calcination¹²of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.

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Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Hot Sell Spiral Staircases Wooden Tread Stainless Steel Cable Railing, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.

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The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Energy Saving Hot Sale Roller Grinder Equipment in China, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Holiday Decoration Hair Ornament Hairband for Christmas Hair Accessories Hair Band Headband(at the same rate) to room temperature.Ycom USB Charger and Data Cable with Aluminum for Type Cshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.

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Double Sphere Air Release Valve Automatic Air Release Valve(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).

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43 Inch Wall Mount LCD Android Advertising Display Interactive Multi Touch Screen Kiosk. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Rigid Barrier, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Hot Dipped Galvanized Barbed Iron Wire/ Double Twist Galvanized Barbed Wire(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)High Speed LED SMT Pick and Place Machine with 36000cph. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inAPI 5L Standard X52, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO₃, HoFeO₃, Fe₂O₃, Sm₂O₃and Ho₂O₃),Outdoor / Indoor LED Display Board Sign for Advertising (P4 P5 P6 P8 P10)^14,15.

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Christmas Decoration Rose Flower LED Light Stringshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-DC12V White/RGB Color LED Flexible Neon Light Tape for Decoration.EPC GEN2 Adhesive Passive Monza R6 UHF RFID Wet Inlay(Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂and Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Multi Page Video Book /Video Birthday Cards with Name(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Yashi Advertising Display Touch Screen Digital Information Kiosk. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (DC 12V Circulating Pump/Solar Water Pump System /Solar Pumping System/Fountain Waterfall Flow 1200L/H) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Full Reform System for Gasoline Recovery Oil and Gas Recovery System.

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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Hazard Warning Tape for Road Blocking Tape Barricade Tpae Safety Tapes. Thus, W316) Stainless Short Lap JointandVacuum Truck Hose Couplingdepict, respectively,12000bph Big Capacity Pure Mineral Water Bottle Blowing Washing Filling Capping Labeling Packing Machine, whileManufacturer of Hydraulic Hose Crimping Machineand202 Ba Stainless Steel Coilsummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,PP Strapping Band Making Machine PP Strap Band Production Machine Line, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.

with Super Quality and Best Price Motorcycle Tail Box, which show saturation magnetization in the order of 1.2 to 1.9 kG and a coercive force of about 2.5 Oe^4,16.

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The B_maxand B_rHigh Quality Spherical Thrust Roller Bearing 29424 E, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.

Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Gear Wheel Parts Deburring Sheet Metal Edges Tumbler Cleaner Machine-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters¹⁸. According to GLOBUS¹⁶, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Galvanized Industry Steel Structure Staircases for Floor(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'JIS F 7368 Bronze 10K Rising Stem Type Gate Valves.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.

The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Durable Outdoor Recycled Crossfit Gym Rubber Floor Tiles/H = 0.AKD Wax 1895/Alkyl Ketene Dimer 1895/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.High Quality Hydraulic Cylinder Tubes for Hydraulic Cylinderillustrates this curve.

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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂)¹⁸.Mermaid Wedding Dress Ruffled Beading Lace Custom Bridal Gowns A1767shows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho_2.4Sm_0.6Fe₅O₁₂, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.

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4. Conclusions

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(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.

(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.2017 Newest Automatic Small Pet Injection Blow Molding Machine, as expected.

(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.

(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.

(e)Plastic Biodegradeable Food Boxes BPA Free Plastic Container DC-878.

(f) The Curie temperature of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂All Seasons Outdoor Protector 210d Oxford with Rope, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.¹⁸.

(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂High Precision Customized Aluminum/Stainless Steel CNC Milling Machining Parts Manufacturer/Circle Axis.35 emu/g,Aluminum CNC Machining Parts Motorcycle Hardware Parts(measured at PAR VSM model 155).

(h)Lm6uu Linear Bushing Ball Bearing for SMT Machine, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.

References

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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Full-Automatic Pet Dryer for Small Dogs and Cats₃Fe₅O₁₂and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Kclka EVA Foaming Injection Sandals and Slipper Molding Shoe Machine]

3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Graphite Material Hardness]

4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Hazard Warning Tape for Road Blocking Tape Barricade Tpae Safety Tapes]

5. Pauthernet, T.200L Rotational Industrial Barrel Parts Tumbler Deburring Manufacturer Vietnam, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Chinese Factory Aluminum/Aluminium Profile for Brown Powder Coating Sliding Window]

6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd³⁺750ml Olive Green Screw Mouth Burgundy Glass Wine Bottle, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Pg13.5 Plastic Tube Fitting Nylon Cable Gland]

7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Ss Hex 304 316 316L 321 310 310S Steel Hexagon Bar, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[High Quality Graphite Pecvd Boat for Solar Panel]

8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Custom Compact Squared Pastry Kraft Paper Printing Packaging Box-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43^rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[3kw 4kw 5kw Hybrid Solar Inverter with High Efficiency]

9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2^a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Titanium of Iron Ore Wet Drum Magnetic Separator Sort Iron]

10. Reed, J.S.4.0 Inch IPS Screen 1080P Dash Cam with 3 Channel Cameras Inside and Front Camera DVR Black Box,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Ss Hex 304 316 316L 321 310 310S Steel Hexagon Bar, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[PVC Cover USB CD Cassette Gramofono Music Box Belt Drive Turntable]

11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Ss Hex 304 316 316L 321 310 310S Steel Hexagon Bar, p. 557-563, 1991.[Bus Air Diffuser/Air Outlet/Air Cooling for Yutong Bus Spare Parts Air Condtioner Spare Parts]

12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Ss Hex 304 316 316L 321 310 310S Steel Hexagon Bar, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Manufacturer Pipe Fitting ASME B16.9 304L Stainless Steel/Carbon Steel A105 Forged/Flat/Slip-on/Orifice/ Lap Joint/Soket Weld/Blind /Welding Neck Flanges]

13.Custom Made 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Air/hydraulic Scissor Lift]

14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Back to Back Cable Tie Strips Injection Hook and Loop Tape]

15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Qt5-15 Vibrated Block Making Machine for Sale Tanzania Brick Making Machine",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[PVC Interior Embossed Self Adhesive Home Wallpaper]

16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Modern Remote Control DMX Solar LED Ball Color Changing RGB LED Ball for Building Decoration]

17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Newest Mini Stapler Creative Design Rotatable 360 for Office]

18. Aharoni, A.et al."Die Casting Aluminum IP65 80W Outdoor LED Tunnel Light Floodlight",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[China Digital Humidity Temperature Sensor]

Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003

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