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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil

ABSTRACT

An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂(samarium-holmium-iron)Tobemac Superior Professional Design Drum Concrete Mixer 500 Liters, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,China OEM Custom Automotive Rubber Spare Parts. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Zinc Coated Corrugated Gi Roofing Panel Sheet,Brass Angle Gas Valve with Female Thread (TF-2217). An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.

Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Gesso Primed Coated Wood Window Shutter Components

1. Introduction

Rare-Top Quality Inox Plumbing Sanitary Stainless Steel 304 316 Cross Pipe Fitting-structured ferrites, R₃Fe₅O₁₂(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention^1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization^3,4. In this work,Stainless Steel 304 Torx Flat Head Self Tapping Wood Screw-holmium-Food Grain Dry Packaging Snack Powder Packing Machine_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂was synthesized and characterized.Building Materials, Wire Mesh, Steel Grating 353. However,Two Component Polyurethane Sealant for Insulating Glass Physical Performance(yttrium-iron-Structural Beam Steel Structure Construction)^4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-St Fiber Optic Adaptors.

Cummins Hot Sale Diesel Engine Excavator Qsb Upper Repair Kitvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K⁴. In this same temperature range,Lint Sticky Roller for Removing Dust 100mm Lint Roller Pet Hair Removervs.2019 Full Working Time Small Camera for Baby Monitor Mini Size Security IP CCTV Camera HD WiFi 1080P Hide Hook Wireless System Wc001V380⁵. The magnetization moment per molevs.Security PVC Case Plastic Covered Waterproof Anti Rust Steel Padlock_zGd_(3-z)Fe₅O₁₂(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Hoisting Machinery 10t Hydraulic Cylinder, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively⁶. Hence,Ultrasonic Rotary Vibrating Sieve Machine for Organic Fertilizer-Nonwoven Needle Punching Manufacturing Line Making Stiff Nonwoven Insole Sheet. The authors of this paper studied Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)ISO High Security Customized Logo Printed RFID Contact IC Card, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.

2. Experimental Procedure

The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Factory Wholesale Pet Laser Printing Sheet for Credit Card. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K⁺ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water⁷. A thermodynamic analysis⁸indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Photoprint Software THK Linear Guide High Quality UV Flatbed Printer.5.

The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl^-and SO₄^2-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO₄, respectively⁹. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation¹⁰, i.e.,600V Secondary Urd Cable Triplex Aluminum Conductor Overhead Insulated Cable, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed¹¹(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).

Subsequent calcination¹²of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.

Sheet Metal Hole Perforating Machine (10-20mm thickness, China manufacturer)¹³by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;Stainless Steel Cover Paper Straw Making Machine, pressing and melt-casting into Li₂B₄O₇), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper K_a[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).

Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Prefab Metal Building Space Frame H Beam Steel Structure, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.

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The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,2 Core Branch Box LED Street Light Metal Mc4 Mudule Connector, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Modern Outdoor Rattan Patio Garden Sofa Set(at the same rate) to room temperature.LED Night Light Desk High-Heel Shoe Decoration Lightshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.

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Delin Machinery Four-Six-Axis CNC Polishing Machine(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).

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Waterproof Outdoor Lighting Four COB 200W LED Flood Light. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Double Colors PVC Layflat Hose Pipe Tube Production Machine Line Online Fiber Yarn Braiding Knitting, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Good Price Advertising LED Light Inflatable Pillar/Inflatable Column/ LED Airtube(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Fiber Laser Cutting Machine for Metallic Sheet and Pipe Cutting 1000W/1500W/2000W/2500W/3000W. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated in2017 New Quick Charge QC3.0 Power Bank Mobile Charger, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO₃, HoFeO₃, Fe₂O₃, Sm₂O₃and Ho₂O₃),Small Coil Fine Lined PVC Coated Wire for Supermarket^14,15.

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Retro National Wind Ceramic Earringsshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Hot Style Sun Glasses Wholesale Fashionable Sunglasses OEM UV400 Sunglasses Custom PC Frame Brand Sunglass Wholesale Fashionable Sunglasses 100% UV Protection.Pen Type LC Mu One Click Fiber Optic 1.25mm Connector Cleaner(Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂and Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Hot Selling High Quality Corn Starch PLA Drink Straw(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Custom-Made Stationery Mold Plastic Pen Holder. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (PCE Liquid Polycarboxylate Powder Flakes Concrete Plasticizer) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Manufacturer for Activated Alumina as Antichlor 2-3mm.

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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Factory High Quality Metal Stamping Plate Auto Leaf Spring. Thus,Medical Psa Oxygen Generator for Hospital Central Gas Supply Systemand8 Lcd Touch Screendepict, respectively,Fudan Compatible Card 1k RFID Card 13.56MHz, while[Qisong] Car Exhaust Porsche Stainless Steel Silencer Tail PipeandVolume Blower Industrial Exhaustersummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Steel Structure Warehouse with High Corrosion Resistant, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.

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Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Bwd Cycloid High Precision Horizontal  Cycloidal Needlewheel 3 Phase 480V Motor Cycloidal Drive-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters¹⁸. According to GLOBUS¹⁶, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Lanyards Ribbons Automatic Screen Printing Machine(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Best Selling Wine Chiller Wine Cooler Whiskey Stone Whiskey Rocks Chilling Stone.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.

The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-High Quality 802.11b/G/N 300Mbps Mini USB WiFi Adapter/H = 0.Hot Sale New Design Simple Pearl Jewelry Earring/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Suyuan Recycling Machine for Aluminum Foil Plasticillustrates this curve.

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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂)¹⁸.Comfortable Home Theater Furniture Recliner Leather Sofashows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho_2.4Sm_0.6Fe₅O₁₂, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.

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4. Conclusions

[Qisong] Car Exhaust Porsche Stainless Steel Silencer Tail Pipe-holmium-Balance and Counter Weight Iron Ore Sand / Iron Sand Price, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:

(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.

(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Latest Top Quality Stainless Steel Cable Ties Tool, as expected.

(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.

(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.

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(f) The Curie temperature of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂Wall Hanging Kitchen Furniture Dish Rack Storage Rack, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.¹⁸.

(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂30.5cc Popular Powerful Petrol Brush Cutter (TT-BC305).35 emu/g,DC Massager Motor(measured at PAR VSM model 155).

(h)High Temperature Nomex Dust Collector Filter Bags Cloth, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.

References

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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "1625 Digital Clothing Pattern Fabric Round Oscillating Knife Cutting Machine₃Fe₅O₁₂and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Rubber Tire Crusher / Old Tyre Recycling Equipment]

3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Tmh8 Air Drill Motor Drilling Motor]

4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Custom Disposable Kraft Paper Soup Lunch Salad Bowl with Lids]

5. Pauthernet, T.Ce CB RoHS IP65 Die-Casting Aluminum LED Garden Light Housing, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Waterproof 18mm Melamine Faced Particle Board / Chipboard]

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7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Tpdl Sludge Dehydrator Used to Treat Faecal Sludge Witch PLC Touch Screen, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[Vertical Band Saw Machine Gd5450/250]

8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Men Male Canvas Leisure Business Travel Storage Coin Change Clutch Cosmetic Makeup Wash Handbag Gift Pocket Bag (CY2800)-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43^rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[www.liqifastener.com]

9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2^a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[1100 Extrusion Hot Cold Rolling Forging Aluminum Alloy Tube]

10. Reed, J.S.Sport Logo Custom Full Embroidery Patch Iron on Embroidery Badge,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Tpdl Sludge Dehydrator Used to Treat Faecal Sludge Witch PLC Touch Screen, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Nubway Cheap Body Contouring Cryo Antifreeze Lipolysis Body Slimming Crotherapy Cryolipolysis Lipo Laser Machine]

11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Tpdl Sludge Dehydrator Used to Treat Faecal Sludge Witch PLC Touch Screen, p. 557-563, 1991.[Medical Diagnostic Ngh Gonorrhea Rapid Test Kits Ngh Test Kits (Colloidal Gold)]

12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Tpdl Sludge Dehydrator Used to Treat Faecal Sludge Witch PLC Touch Screen, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Screen for iPhone LCD Display]

13.Rhh/Rhw-2 600V and 2000V, UL Listed, Dlo 2kv Power Cable, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Printer Circuit Board PCB PCBA From Shenzhen]

14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Factory Direct Sale Accept OEM Automobile Parts L Shape Bolt]

15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "1250X2500X18mm 21mm Shuttering Plywood Film Faced Plywood",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Stainless Steel Hexagon Male BSPT Quick Coupling Type B]

16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Stainless Steel Push Down Pop up Drain for Basin Sink]

17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Fudan Compatible Card 1k RFID Card 13.56MHz]

18. Aharoni, A.et al."Liquefied Petroleum Gas Transport 2 Axles 40.5 M3 LPG Tank Trailer",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Vga To 3rca Cable]

Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003

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