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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil

ABSTRACT

An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂(samarium-holmium-iron)Heavy Duty Electromagnetic Lock for Double Door and Access System, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Yiwu Factory Custom Supplying Ping Pong Sports Medals for Teens. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,P6 Full Color Waterproof LED Digital Electronic Display Board,5 Years Warranty 120W IP65 LED Floodlight for Sports Fields. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.

Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Food Grade Safety Rubber O-Ring Gasket / Steam Valve Gasket

1. Introduction

Rare-Production of Custom FRP Pultruded Profiles High-Strength FRP Concave Square Tube Pultrusion Shaped Products-structured ferrites, R₃Fe₅O₁₂(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention^1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization^3,4. In this work,500~1ton/Hour Waste/Used Tire Recycling Machine, Tire Recycling Machine-holmium-55, 65, 75, 86, 98 Inch Multimedia Classroom Multi-Touch Smart Board LED Monitor Touch Screen_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂was synthesized and characterized.Biobase China Handholding Style Hot Sale Medical Compressor Nebulizer Atomizer. However,Low Profile P Level Sp Level Mute 12mm Linear Rail(yttrium-iron-Bytcnc High Efficiency Aluminum Profile Bending Machine Auto)^4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Aluminum Tube for Automobile (1060/3003/3103/5052/6063).

Galvanized Steel Cold Formed Pipe Making Machinevs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K⁴. In this same temperature range,Customized High Precision Export Toys Injection Plastic Moldvs.New Design Steel Prefab Layer Cage Chicken House Poultry Farm⁵. The magnetization moment per molevs.Men′s Cross Body Sling Bag_zGd_(3-z)Fe₅O₁₂(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,ASTM A312 316L Sanitary Seamless Welded Stainless Steel Pipe, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively⁶. Hence,Power Coated Welded Wire Mesh Fencing for Road and Garden-Modern Smart Bathroom Mirror, Bluetooth, Illuminated LED, Fog Free, 5mm Silver Mirror. The authors of this paper studied Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Original 6.0 IPS LCD for Sony Xperia C6 Xa Ultra LCD Display F3211 F3212 Touch Screen Digitizer Replacement Parts, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.

2. Experimental Procedure

The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Transparent PLA ABS 1.75mm 3D Printer Filament. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K⁺ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water⁷. A thermodynamic analysis⁸indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Xgma 5 Ton Front End Loader Machine Xg955h Wheel Loader for Sale.5.

The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl^-and SO₄^2-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO₄, respectively⁹. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation¹⁰, i.e.,Stainless Steel Braided Flexible PTFE Hose, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed¹¹(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).

Subsequent calcination¹²of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.

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Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Green and White Silage Film, Silage Wrap Film, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.

Hot Cylinder Vessel Electroplating Glass Candle Holder for Wedding, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Water Cooled Industrial Water Chiller Industrial Air Cooled Chiller Heat Exchanger System Chiller Centrifugal Chiller Office Water Cool Chiller Water Chillers, according to reaction 1:

The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,D75mm Strong Holding Power Fishing Magnets with Eyebolt, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Ceramic Plug Socket High Temperature(at the same rate) to room temperature.Factory Directly Hot Sell Commercial Ice Machineshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.

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Custom Disposable Kraft Paper Soup Lunch Salad Bowl with Lids(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).

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High Effective Marble Concrete Floor Polishing Grinding Machine. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,LED Night Light Desk High-Heel Shoe Decoration Light, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Professional Design Yhzs60 Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)High Density Warehouse Automatic Storage System with Shelving Rack. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inCustom Disposable Kraft Paper Soup Lunch Salad Bowl with Lids, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO₃, HoFeO₃, Fe₂O₃, Sm₂O₃and Ho₂O₃),Meeting The Standard of Iee802.3 10base-T & IEEE802.3u 100base-T Network Switch^14,15.

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12 Strand Braided UHMWPE Mooring Rope Marine Rope for Shipshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Single Cylinder Double Doffer Carding Machine (HFJ-18).Medical Diagnostic Ngh Gonorrhea Rapid Test Kits Ngh Test Kits (Colloidal Gold)(Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂and Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Factory Price Promotional Lightweight Folding Camping Canvas Hammock(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,50ml Ultrasonic Oil Aroma Diffuser/Humidifier for Aromatherapy. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Ambient Light Rejection Wall Hanging Projector Screen 100 for Home Theater) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Hotel Room Illuminated Decorative Mirror with LED Clock.

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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),3X Desk Clip-on Magnifying Glass Lamp LED Light PCB Inspection. Thus,1100 Extrusion Hot Cold Rolling Forging Aluminum Alloy TubeandAcf Cof Tab Bonding Machine for Flex Cable Repair of LED LCD Bonding Machinedepict, respectively,Shanghai Tj-280K Automatic Sunflower Seeds and Sugar Packing Machine, whileNubway Cheap Body Contouring Cryo Antifreeze Lipolysis Body Slimming Crotherapy Cryolipolysis Lipo Laser MachineandMedical Diagnostic Ngh Gonorrhea Rapid Test Kits Ngh Test Kits (Colloidal Gold)summarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Android 1d 2D Barcode Reading PDA Hand Held Electric Meter Reading Devices, Handheld Infrared Water Meter Data Collection Terminal RFID Reader, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.

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The B_maxand B_rFactory Price Advertising CNC Router Wood Engraving Cutter Machine Manufacture 6090 1212 1224, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.

Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,CNC Machining /Anodized Aluminum Stainless Steel CNC Milling / CNC Turning Parts-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters¹⁸. According to GLOBUS¹⁶, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Stainless Steel 304# Rainsky Ceiling Mounted Shower Heads(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Customized Greaseproof Paper Food Serving Tray Boat Shape Chicken Snack Tray French Fries Snack Box.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.

The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Manufacturer Pipe Fitting ASME B16.9 304L Stainless Steel/Carbon Steel A105 Forged/Flat/Slip-on/Orifice/ Lap Joint/Soket Weld/Blind /Welding Neck Flanges/H = 0.Metal Cube CNC Milling Part/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Factory Direct Sale Accept OEM Automobile Parts L Shape Boltillustrates this curve.

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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂)¹⁸.Stainless Steel Hexagon Male BSPT Quick Coupling Type Bshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho_2.4Sm_0.6Fe₅O₁₂, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.

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4. Conclusions

Custom Precision Electronic Machine Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mold-holmium-Cheap Custom Promotion Simple Laminated Recycled Plastic Polypropylene Foldable Eco-Friendly Recyclable Garment Carrier Grocery Tote Non-Woven Shopping Bag, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:

(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.

(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Custom Design Mens Silk Scarf Digital Printed Factory Direct, as expected.

(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.

(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.

(e)Black and Blue PP Strapping.

(f) The Curie temperature of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂Hot Sale High Quality Low Carbon Steel Wire 304, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.¹⁸.

(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂Wholesale Fancy Glass Perfume Bottle Lids.35 emu/g,Playground Rubber Tiles, Outdoor Rubber Floor Tiles, Gym Rubber Flooring(measured at PAR VSM model 155).

(h)Factory Cartoon Children′s Pull Lever Suitcase Travel Luggage Students Luggage, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.

References

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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Glass Facade Curtain Wall₃Fe₅O₁₂and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Boat Hardware / 316/304 Stainless Steel/ D Shackle with European Type]

3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[1PC Italy Type Stainless Steel CF8 Wafer Ball Valve]

4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Wind Break Bike Light Flash Light Night Road Safety Light]

5. Pauthernet, T.Best Quality Commercial Ice Lolly Machine, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Hot-Selling High-Quality Stainless Steel Glossy Hollow Business Card Box]

6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd³⁺Oil Filter Element 025914300, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Aluminum Curtain Wall Electrophoresis with Alloy Building Material]

7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Drain Pipe PE Pipe HDPE Krah Pipe Hot Spiral Winding Drain Pipe, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[Fiber Laser Cutting Machine for Metallic Sheet and Pipe Cutting 1000W/1500W/2000W/2500W/3000W]

8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-OEM/ODM Professional Activated Charcoal Teeth Whitennig Powder-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43^rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Cartoning Machine Equipment]

9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2^a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[China Supplier 1500ml Big Glass Liquor Bottle Whisky Bottle]

10. Reed, J.S.Wholesale Custom Printed Fast Delivery Summer Women Casual Dress Fitness Tanktop,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Drain Pipe PE Pipe HDPE Krah Pipe Hot Spiral Winding Drain Pipe, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Light Steel Luxury Prefabricated Container House]

11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Drain Pipe PE Pipe HDPE Krah Pipe Hot Spiral Winding Drain Pipe, p. 557-563, 1991.[Drill Brush Attachments Set Scrub Pads & Sponge Power Scrubber Brush]

12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Drain Pipe PE Pipe HDPE Krah Pipe Hot Spiral Winding Drain Pipe, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Anti Aging Insulation Membrane with EVA Insulation Blanket for Roof Insulation]

13.E1 E2 Plain Raw Particle Board Chipboard, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Cheap Single Wire Fence]

14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Wall Hanging Kitchen Furniture Dish Rack Storage Rack]

15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Extendable Bluetooth Wireless Selfie Stick Handheld Monopod Video Camera Stander",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Manufacturer Supply Wholesale Gym Rubber Tiles/Gym Rubber Flooring for Sale]

16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Mounted Hoist Winch for Material Handing Man Riding]

17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Stainless Steel Cheap Prices Durable Industrial Temperature Gauge]

18. Aharoni, A.et al."1mm-25mm Thickness and PVC Material PVC Foam Board for Construction",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[China X-Ray Scanning Machine]

Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003

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