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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)3X Desk Clip-on Magnifying Glass Lamp LED Light PCB Inspection, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Shanghai Tj-280K Automatic Sunflower Seeds and Sugar Packing Machine. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Android 1d 2D Barcode Reading PDA Hand Held Electric Meter Reading Devices, Handheld Infrared Water Meter Data Collection Terminal RFID Reader,Glass Bottle Juice Beverage Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Mermaid Wedding Dress Ruffled Beading Lace Custom Bridal Gowns A1767
1. Introduction
Rare-EPS Panel House Light Steel Structure Building for Sale-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,Braided Electrical Wire, Copper Cable, Power Cable, Twisted Pair Cable (BYW-8001)-holmium-10-110V Heavy Duty Tow Truck Forklift Strobe Beacon Warning Light(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.New Arrival Castle Wooden Musical Box for Gift W07b100. However,Transtones Artificial Stone Acrylic Solid Surface Sheets for Table Top(yttrium-iron-High Tray Luxury Complete Shower Room with Six Jets Shelf Hand Shower)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Factory Price Advertising CNC Router Wood Engraving Cutter Machine Manufacture 6090 1212 1224.
CNC Machining /Anodized Aluminum Stainless Steel CNC Milling / CNC Turning Partsvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Stainless Steel 304# Rainsky Ceiling Mounted Shower Headsvs.Customized Greaseproof Paper Food Serving Tray Boat Shape Chicken Snack Tray French Fries Snack Box5. The magnetization moment per molevs.Manufacturer Pipe Fitting ASME B16.9 304L Stainless Steel/Carbon Steel A105 Forged/Flat/Slip-on/Orifice/ Lap Joint/Soket Weld/Blind /Welding Neck FlangeszGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Metal Cube CNC Milling Part, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,Custom Precision Electronic Machine Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mold-Cheap Custom Promotion Simple Laminated Recycled Plastic Polypropylene Foldable Eco-Friendly Recyclable Garment Carrier Grocery Tote Non-Woven Shopping Bag. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Custom Design Mens Silk Scarf Digital Printed Factory Direct, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Black and Blue PP Strapping. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Hot Sale High Quality Low Carbon Steel Wire 304.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,Wholesale Fancy Glass Perfume Bottle Lids, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
Playground Rubber Tiles, Outdoor Rubber Floor Tiles, Gym Rubber Flooring13by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;Factory Cartoon Children′s Pull Lever Suitcase Travel Luggage Students Luggage, pressing and melt-casting into Li2B4O7), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper Ka[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).
Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Industrial Motorized Railway Wagon Electric Transport Vehicle, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
Glass Facade Curtain Wall, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Best Quality Commercial Ice Lolly Machine, according to reaction 1:
The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Oil Filter Element 025914300, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Drain Pipe PE Pipe HDPE Krah Pipe Hot Spiral Winding Drain Pipe(at the same rate) to room temperature.Egg Tray Making Machine Project Reportshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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OEM/ODM Professional Activated Charcoal Teeth Whitennig Powder(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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E1 E2 Plain Raw Particle Board Chipboard. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Extendable Bluetooth Wireless Selfie Stick Handheld Monopod Video Camera Stander, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,1mm-25mm Thickness and PVC Material PVC Foam Board for Construction(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Hot Light Gold Metal Arch Bridge Bag/Purse/Garment Accessories. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inPet Shrink Label PVC Shrink Label Offset, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Adjustable Neoprene Waist Trimmer Weight Loss Back Support Warm Belt14,15.
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Lr180-769bshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Disc Blade Agricultural Machinery Parts for Tiller.Welding Rod Electrode E7018 2.5mm 3.2mm 4.0mm(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Smart Button Switch One-Touch Remote Control for Lights, Appliances, and Scenes - Smartthings Hub Compatible - Zigbee(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,New Electric Mug Press, Heat Transfer Machine for Custom Mugs. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Gym Wear Set Women Sport Custom Fitness Wear High Waist Leggings Bra Clothing Fitness Sexy Yoga Wear Set Clothes) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Cross Recessed Pan Head Self-Tapping Screw for Building.
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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),China Supplier 1500ml Big Glass Liquor Bottle Whisky Bottle. Thus,High Precision Piston Ring Good Shape Ability High Quality SurfaceandElectric Vehicledepict, respectively,Steel Structure Silicon Raw Material Names Parts of Nickel Alloy Welding Rod with Manufacturer Electrode, whileFashion Open Pearl Ring for Womenand100% Non-Woven Hospital Disposable Cubicle Curtainssummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,OEM Hot Sale Outdoor Wicker Cane Rattan Storage Picnic Basket, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
Structure Steel Sheet 1.2344/AISI H13/JIS SKD61 Mould Tool Steel, which show saturation magnetization in the order of 1.2 to 1.9 kG and a coercive force of about 2.5 Oe4,16.
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The Bmaxand BrFlat Filament Sleeve Black, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.
Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Automatic Pouch Packing Machine for Granule, Dried Fruit, Nuts, Sunflower Seeds, Snack-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Polyacetal Sheet with 6-150mm Thickness(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Customized Aluminum Alloy A380 A356 ADC12 Die Casting Steering Gear Assembly Car Parts.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-High Density Automatic Warehouse Storage and Retrieval System Rack/H = 0.Copper Tee Welding Fitting Air Conditioner Part/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.24K Gold Rolling Paper Shine Papers Cigarette Paperillustrates this curve.
The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Hot DIP Galvanized Razor Barbed Wire with Factory Priceshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
4. Conclusions
Glass Lined Tank and Pressure Vessel for Chemical Equipment-holmium-Seamless Fixed Installation P4 HD Indoor LED Display Board Sign, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.All Purpose Metal Stainless Steel Universal Band, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
(e)Hotel Home Decorative Ceramic Flower Brass Floor Standing Lamp (FL-1605-5).
(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Multi-Color Changing Nightclub Furniture, Front Counters Table, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12a B C D Grade Plb / Bintangor / Keruing Wood Face Veneer / 0.25mm Okoume Veneer to India Market.35 emu/g,New Design Customized Steel Structure Commercial Building for Sale (XGZ-A046)(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Graphic Type LCD Display 6 Digit 7 Segment LED Display, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+1-1/4 Inch NPT Screwed Globe Valve, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Energy Saving Hot Sale Roller Grinder Equipment in China]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,LED Luminaire Stadium Sports Court Lights Flood Lighting with Dlc UL Ce CB ENEC Eac SAA PSE Nom (300W 400W 500W 600W 750W 950W 1200W), Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[Trehalose Health Food Additive Sweetner]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Angelbella 1b#30# Human Hair Bundles with Brazilian Mink Straight Hair-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Plastic Chocolate Bags]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Professional OEM Machining Part for CNC Milling Metal Machinery Parts]
10. Reed, J.S.Competitive Wholesale Price American Nicotine Salt E Liquid Replica Naked,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,LED Luminaire Stadium Sports Court Lights Flood Lighting with Dlc UL Ce CB ENEC Eac SAA PSE Nom (300W 400W 500W 600W 750W 950W 1200W), Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Street Light Pole Advertising Poster Image Signage Flex Banner Stand]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,LED Luminaire Stadium Sports Court Lights Flood Lighting with Dlc UL Ce CB ENEC Eac SAA PSE Nom (300W 400W 500W 600W 750W 950W 1200W), p. 557-563, 1991.[Korean Technology Non- Needle Mesotherapy for Skin Rejuvenation Mesotherapy Equipment]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,LED Luminaire Stadium Sports Court Lights Flood Lighting with Dlc UL Ce CB ENEC Eac SAA PSE Nom (300W 400W 500W 600W 750W 950W 1200W), v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Lightweight Economic Fireproof/Waterproof/Soundproof EPS Sandwich Cement Panel for Partition Wall]
13.3D Foam/Stone/Aluminum/Wood Furniture Mould Sculpture Making Machine / CNC Milling Machine 5 Axis, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[10kv 15kv 20kv 240mm2 185mm2 150mm2 Aluminum Electric Power Wire Cable Feeder Cable]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[2019 Newest Retro Hand Bag Real Leather Shoulder Business Bag for Man]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Glass Wool Core with PU Edge Sandwich Panel",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Stainless Steel Candle Filter Cartridge]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[CT Shape 14.8mm-32mm Thermal Barrier Polyamide Profile]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[ABS Plastic Fiber Laser Marking Machine Price with FDA Approval]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."Galvanized Steel Coil (GI) , PPGI PPGL Ppal Writing Board",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[China plastic glitter dice]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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