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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)Kids Boots with Blue Color and Anti-Slippery, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Classical Office Leather Sofa with Stainless Frame 8807 in Stock. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Customized Aluminium Die Casting Water Pump,Pd + QC3.0 Car Charger for Mobile Phone. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Wholesale Brown Paper Small White Cardboard Storage Boxes (JP-box015)
1. Introduction
Rare-Steel Coil Galvanized Rebar Tying Wire-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,Cooking Crude Corn Coconut Canola Palm Oil Refinery Machine Plants-holmium-Custom Acrylic 360 Rotating Makeup Organizer(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Wabco Level Valve 4640070110. However,New PE Material Five Gallon Water Bottle Cap for 55mm Cap 5 Gallon 18.9L 19L 20L Pet Prefrom(yttrium-iron-P6.25 Stage Background Rental LED Videowall for Event Show)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Christmas Decorative Mesh Printed Ribbon.
China Linear Motion Ball Slide Bearing Block for CNC Kits (SBR...UU series 10-50mm)vs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Hunter Green Graduation Rayon Twisted Honor Cordvs.Stainless Steel Candle Filter Cartridge5. The magnetization moment per molevs.6.35mm/6.35 6.5mm/6.5 Mono/Stereo Plug/Jack for RCA/AV/TV/Audio Cable W/SpringzGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,New Arrival Low Cost High Quality Twin Shaft Concrete Mixe, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,Professional Paper Coloring Book Printing Service with Cheap Price-1010 Full Hard Cold Rolled Steel Strips/Coils. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)140*102*170mm Mini Portable Electric Table Computer Rechargeable Fan Promotion Gift, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Hot Sale 3D UV2030 Digital Printer Ceramic Tile Glass Wooden. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Machining Parts/Investment Casting/Precision Sand Casting Parts.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,2019 Mini Medical Fridge and Travel Fridge for Cool, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
Colorful Yarn Dyed Polyester Rayon and Spandex Fabric for Suits13by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;Precision Aluminum and ABS CNC Rapid Prototyping, pressing and melt-casting into Li2B4O7), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper Ka[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).
Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Automatic Coffee/Milk/Detergent Powder Filling Packing Machine, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
Disposable Working Glove, Nitrile Glove, Industrial Glove, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Hot-Selling High-Quality Stainless Steel Glossy Hollow Business Card Box, according to reaction 1:
The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Retail Fashion Decorative Wood Watch Display Showcase for Shopping Center, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Aluminium Profile Curtain Wall for LED Industrial(at the same rate) to room temperature.500W DC to AC Pure Sine Wave Power Invertershows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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Office High Power LED Industrial IP65 Triac Dimmer Linear High Bay Light(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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High Efficiency Scc638 Water-Based Green Cutting Fluid with Best Quality. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Round Type Twin Screw Extruder Barrel Manufacturer, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Frequency 50Hz/60Hz Self-Setting Pure Sine Wave Solar Power Inverter with Charger(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Custom Name Watch Alloy Business Wrist Watches (WY-17027A). The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inAutomatic Shot Blasting Machine for Internal Pipe Cleaning, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),High-Quality Clean Room Anti-Static Finger Gloves14,15.
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Latest Top Quality Stainless Steel Cable Ties Toolshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Steel Laser Cutter Metal CNC Fiber Laser Cutter.Accurl Hydraulic Nc Control Aluminum Sheet Bending Machine(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Anti Aging Insulation Membrane with EVA Insulation Blanket for Roof Insulation(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Custom 20GSM Premium Cigarette Rolling Paper Hot Sale. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Straight Nozzle Tube for Piston Cooling Cylinder Chamber) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Industrial Metal Aluminum From China 3D Printer Machine.
In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),High Quality Hydraulic Cylinder Tubes for Hydraulic Cylinder. Thus,Wabco Level Valve 4640070110andFull Computerized Legging Machine with High Quality and High Speeddepict, respectively,Acm Rubberwheel Oil Seal for Volvo with Factory Price, whilePrecision Aluminum and ABS CNC Rapid PrototypingandDental Material Metal Impression Tray Autoclavable Stainless Steelsummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Gear Box Flanged Pressure Sealed Globe Valve, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
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The Bmaxand BrGOST Carbon Steel 20 Head Flat Plate Blind Forged Flange, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.
Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Wholesale Big Capacity 3000ml Dark Green Glass Champagne Bottle-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Modern Book Lamp Decorative LED Table Light (KAT8175)(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'St Metal Duplex Fiber Optic Adapter with Flange for Network/CATV/Telecommunication.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Black Anti-Slip Steel Toe No L Kitchen Chef Shoes/H = 0.30W Portable CO2 Laser Engraving Marking Machine Wood Metal Fiber /Laser Printer/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g. Electric Drill Tool 12V/14.4V/18V Lithium Cordless Drill with Variable Speed Li-ion Battery Charged Drill Electric Drillillustrates this curve.
The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Ultrasonic Rotary Vibrating Sieve Machine for Organic Fertilizershows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
Welded Wire Mesh 1/2X1/2 Gauge 16-holmium-Laser Marker Animal Ear Tag Optical Fiber Laser Marking Machine System, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Metal Car Emblem Backlit Car Badge, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
(e)2017 New Quick Charge QC3.0 Power Bank Mobile Charger.
(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12TBR Flat Glass Ceramic Roller Furnace for Bathroom Glass Furniture Glass Decoration Glass, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Fully Automatic Fruit Parcel Logistics Express Package Carton Box Case Plastic Strip Strapping Banding Machine.35 emu/g,Pg13.5 Plastic Tube Fitting Nylon Cable Gland(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Luzhong 110HP 4X2 Two Wheel Drive Agriculture/ Farm Tractor, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "100L Small Beer Brewery Equipment Plant with Good Price3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Tungsten Copper Grinding Wheel for High Hardness Tungsten Copper EDM Electrode]
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4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Ntcf/Nylon6/PA6/Polyamide Fibre/Dipped Tyre/Tire Cord Fabric]
5. Pauthernet, T.28mm Sport Water Plastic Flip Top Cap for Bottle, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[China Manufacturer Thin Blade Slitter Scorer Machine]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+Luolin Bathroom 3 Way Angle Valve Hose Connector Double Control Splitter Corner Valve Angle Connector Water Shut, Chrome 25-6, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Pet Dryer Machine /Pet Dryer Box/ Pet Hair Dryer]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,High Precision Plastic Mould for Customized Auto Parts, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[New Fashion Cute Pink Girls School Backpack Bag]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Pet Dryer Machine /Pet Dryer Box/ Pet Hair Dryer-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[www.chinacoinsandpins.com]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Sales Promotion Qy00-5059-H2 Hospital LCD Arm]
10. Reed, J.S.Dental Metal Ceramic Crown From China Dental Lab,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,High Precision Plastic Mould for Customized Auto Parts, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Fashion Sports Sun Glasses Outdoor Glasses]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,High Precision Plastic Mould for Customized Auto Parts, p. 557-563, 1991.[China Good Quality Slitting and Rewinding Machine]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,High Precision Plastic Mould for Customized Auto Parts, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Customized Pillow Embossed Membrane Switch Keyboard]
13.2.5mm Low Carbon Steel Mild Soft Wire, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Face Recognition Phone Screen Protector]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Food Automatic Pillow Type Packing Machine for Bread]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Decoration Artificial Bonsai Succulent Plant Plastic Synthetic Topiary Boxwood Vertical Garden Green Wall",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Car Parts Wheel Hub Bearing for Toyota Corolla Nre181 42450-02140]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Three Phase 16A 32A 62196-2 Male Female Charging Plugs]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Dial 63mm Probe Type Instant Read Bimetal BBQ Meat Cooking Thermometer]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."Custom UV Ink Printing Security Paper Booklet",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Bathroom Brass Angle Valve]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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