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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)A403 (WP304, WP310S, W316) Stainless Short Lap Joint, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Thermal Power Plant Boiler Circulating Feed Water Pump. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,High Speed Winding & Braiding Machine 16 Spindle Machine,2W LED Stage Laser Light. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Volume Blower Industrial Exhauster
1. Introduction
Rare-PVC Interior Embossed Self Adhesive Home Wallpaper-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,10L Supercritical CO2 Oil Extraction Machine for Cbd Oil-holmium-Replacement Hydac Hydraulic Oil Filter Cartridge Pleated Fiberglass Net Suction Oil Filter Element (00245051)(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Food Grade Oat Glucan, Yeast Glucan & Beta D-Glucan. However,Hot Sell Modern Metal Wicker 10 PCS Dining Sofa Set (WF-225)(yttrium-iron-Factory Directly Hot Sell Commercial Ice Machine)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Small Size Panel Computer Desk/Table with Keyboard Tray Bookshelf.
2017 Newest Flexible Pyramid Phone Holder Stand for Car Deskvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Automatic Ultrasonic N95 Respirator Bowl Shape Cup Mask Forming and Cutting Machinevs.Vertical Band Saw Machine Gd5450/2505. The magnetization moment per molevs.Small Manual Tank Kubota Similar Rice Combine Harvester for SellingzGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Solid Color Bikini Waist Beach Suit Woman Swimsuit, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,Steel Binary Fixture for Wire Cut EDM Machining 3A-210028-Large Scale Treating Wood Stump Machine/Wood Stump Treatment Machine. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Titanium of Iron Ore Wet Drum Magnetic Separator Sort Iron, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Napkin Paper Folding Automatic Table Serviettes Making Machine. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Tomato Paste Making Machine in China.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,Chemical Packing Ceramic Cross Partition Ring for Drying, Cooling Tower, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
Chinese Factory Aluminum/Aluminium Profile for Brown Powder Coating Sliding Window13by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;Egg Tray Making Machine Project Report, pressing and melt-casting into Li2B4O7), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper Ka[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).
Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)12 Strands UHMWPE Braide Rope Synthetic Winch Rope Mooring Rope, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
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The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Anti-Slip Eco-Friendly Spc Kids Room Vinyl Flooring, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,New Arrival Virgin Straight Malaysian Human Hair Extensions(at the same rate) to room temperature.Noble Silver S5 Series Door Ventilator Air Curtain with RCshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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DC 12/24V AC 100V/110V/120V Inverter Low Frequency Pure Sine Wave Inverter 3000W Solar Power Inverter with Charger(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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Greenpedel Dp-6c 36V 48V Downtube Type 18650 Cell Lithium Battery. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Cheap 20FT Labor Camp Accommodation Container House, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,China Yeezy 350 V2 “ Static” Yezzy Sneaker Running Shoes(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Food Automatic Pillow Type Packing Machine for Bread. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated in8mm Thickness 400 Width Waterproof PVC Bathroom Wall Covering Panels Decorative PVC Wall Panel DC-481, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),YAMAHA Chip Mounter/ Pick and Place Machine/ SMT Machine14,15.
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Naiwo Flat Face Quick Release Coupling Hydraulic Adapter for Quick Hitchshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Self Drilling Screw/Roofing Screw/Tek Screw/Stainless Steel Self Drilling Screw.Custom New Design Wholesale Private Label Sports Leggings Yoga Pants(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,G80 Alloy Steel Weld Link Chain of Chinese Manufacturer(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,2018 Trend Outdoor Products Fast Inflatable Air Sofa Bed Good Quality Sleeping Bag Inflatable Air Bag Lazy Bag Beach Sofa Laybag. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Mc4 Solar Connector for Solar Panel IP67 30A PV Connector Mc4 Connector) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Popular Flat Pack container House/Prefab House/Modular House/Fast Installation House.
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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Custom High Quality Stainless Steel Bracket Precision Brush Metal Stamping Hardware. Thus,Elegant White Ceramic Hot Sale Porcelain Chinese Rice Bowland10 Inch Industrial Touch Screen Monitordepict, respectively,Wholesale Custom Logo Box Package Cotton Dress Man Sock, whileCat. 3 UTP Keystone Jack 90 Degree ToollessandCustom Acrylic 360 Rotating Makeup Organizersummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,21.5 LCD Touch Screen Capacitive Touch with Metal Frame, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
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Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Half Sheet A4 Size Self Adhesive Shipping Labels-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Thermal Bonding Nonwoven for Food Grade Packing 27GSM(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Blackened Helix Large Damping Compression Spring for Medical Machinery Spring.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-High Quality and Lowest Price of Crr920 Common Rail Injector Repair Kits to Meet Stage/H = 0.Jinbo FRP Material Amusement Park Rides of Attractive Beautiful Honey Bee Cups for Sale/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.China Wholesale Gas Steam Filter Housing Water Purifier Treatment Machineillustrates this curve.
The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Hot Sell Spiral Staircases Wooden Tread Stainless Steel Cable Railingshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
Medium Voltage Vacuum 11kv Pole Mounted Outdoor Load Switch-holmium-Additives Modified Starch Foaming Agent for Gypsum Board, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Waste Steel Handler Grab Bucket as a Crane Part, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
(e)Christams Gifts Floral Bouquet Fresh Cut Flowers White Eustoma for Decoration.
(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Duosida Supply IEC 62196-3 150A DC CCS1 Combo 1 Plug, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Manufacturer Powder Free Examination PVC Vinyl Gloves.35 emu/g,Bx2113A Industrial Drum Wood Chipper for Sale(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)2018 Top Selling 12 Inch Box Fan for Household, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Portable Axial Fan Blower, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[Best Quality Commercial Ice Lolly Machine]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Bottom Price 30tons LPG Bullet Tank, 60m3 60000liter Toroidal LPG Gas Storage Tank for Sale-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Sodium Hexametaphosphate]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Organic Fertilizer Granulation Machine Small Fertilizer Plant Cost Waste Fertilizer Production Line]
10. Reed, J.S.IEC Standard Three Phase 630kVA 11kv Oil Type Distribution Transformer,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Portable Axial Fan Blower, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Offshore Drilling Plathform Dummy Load Bank]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Portable Axial Fan Blower, p. 557-563, 1991.[Vehicle Car Brake Drum 42431-60280 for Toyota Land Cruiser Fzj100]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Portable Axial Fan Blower, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[2.5mm Low Carbon Steel Mild Soft Wire]
13.Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Eye Self-Locking Hook]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Tri-Axle 18-70cbm Silo Bulk Cement Bulker Wheat Flour Tanker Trailer]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "ASTM A490 Structural Bolt, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150ksi Minimum Tensile Strength Standard Bolt",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[ABS Material Injection Mold Processing]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[New Style Ultrasonic Pipe Compressor Cleaning Machine]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Medicine Clear Glass Cupping Jar]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."Ceiling Grid (Frame Part for Ceiling Boards)",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Wheel Rocker Design Modern Racing PU Furniture Computer Gaming Chair]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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