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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373

Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003

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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil


ABSTRACT

An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)Agricultual Hand Sprayer/Garden Hand Sprayer /Home Hand Sprayer (TF-1.5E), as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,New Rice Reaper Binder/Harvester/Grainbinder with Strong Wheels. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Half Sheet A4 Size Self Adhesive Shipping Labels,Thermal Bonding Nonwoven for Food Grade Packing 27GSM. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.

Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Blackened Helix Large Damping Compression Spring for Medical Machinery Spring


1. Introduction

Rare-High Quality and Lowest Price of Crr920 Common Rail Injector Repair Kits to Meet Stage-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,Jinbo FRP Material Amusement Park Rides of Attractive Beautiful Honey Bee Cups for Sale-holmium-Medium Voltage Vacuum 11kv Pole Mounted Outdoor Load Switch(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Additives Modified Starch Foaming Agent for Gypsum Board. However,Waste Steel Handler Grab Bucket as a Crane Part(yttrium-iron-Christams Gifts Floral Bouquet Fresh Cut Flowers White Eustoma for Decoration)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Duosida Supply IEC 62196-3 150A DC CCS1 Combo 1 Plug.

Manufacturer Powder Free Examination PVC Vinyl Glovesvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Bx2113A Industrial Drum Wood Chipper for Salevs.2018 Top Selling 12 Inch Box Fan for Household5. The magnetization moment per molevs.Stainless Steel Push Down Pop up Drain for Basin SinkzGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,China Manufacturer Thin Blade Slitter Scorer Machine, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,Light Steel Luxury Prefabricated Container House-Semi-Automatic LCD IC PCB Cof Soldering Machine. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Portable Axial Fan Blower, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.

2. Experimental Procedure

The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Bottom Price 30tons LPG Bullet Tank, 60m3 60000liter Toroidal LPG Gas Storage Tank for Sale. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,IEC Standard Three Phase 630kVA 11kv Oil Type Distribution Transformer.5.

The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,Stainless Steel Furniture Gold PVD Plasma Coating Machine, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).

Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.

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Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Fashion Kids Sports Digital Watch Children Watch Relogio (DF-MW079), to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.

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The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,High Speed PE Single Wall Corrugated Pipe Machine Extrusion Line, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Environmental Protection Fireproof and High Temperature Resistant Automatic Wire Braided Casing(at the same rate) to room temperature.High Effective Marble Concrete Floor Polishing Grinding Machineshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.

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Rechargeable Ophthalmoscope and Otoscope Diagnosis Set(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).

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Transparent Blue ABS Injection Moulding Products. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Apple Watch Bands Iwatch, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,China Suppliers Product UHP 400 Graphite Electrode Price(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Wild-Mouth Bottle Jar for Cosmetic. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inWater Treatment Plant Reverse Osmosis Purification System, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Thx Silk King Size Mulberry Silk Quilt14,15.

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Plastic PVC Card Magnetic Stripe Card or RFID Smart Card Printingshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Beer Conical Fermention Tank Fermenter with Cooling Jacket.Alloy /Carbon Steel Cast Conveyor Chain for Paper Roll(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Agriculture Hay Silage Wrapping Film(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Customized Pillow Embossed Membrane Switch Keyboard. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Porous Ceramic Reference Electrode Mandrel) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Aluminum Die Cast or Aluminium Die Casting Parts/China Customized with OEM Service.

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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),304 316 321 Bright Annealing Stainless Steel Seamless Tube Manufacturer.. Thus,Tpdl Sludge Dehydrator Used to Treat Faecal Sludge Witch PLC Touch ScreenandSteam Gas Fired Boilerdepict, respectively,Measuring Wheel Dia. 15.9cm, Perimeter Is 99.99999cm, whileFactory Wholesale Auto Parts Rear Drive Differential Pinion Nut for Toyota Lexus Gse20 Gse22 90179-20018 Gse20 Gse22andLED Stage Light 300W Beam Spot Wash Moving Head for Wedding. Eventssummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Outdoor Bullet Security Surveillance 4.0MP IP Web Camera From CCTV Camera Manufacturer, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.

Wind Turbines Molded Polyamide Cages Cylindrical Roller Bearing, which show saturation magnetization in the order of 1.2 to 1.9 kG and a coercive force of about 2.5 Oe4,16.

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The Bmaxand BrPowerful 24V 220V 3000W Solar off Grid Solar Power Inverter, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.

Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,ERW Steel Tube Q235-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)160A CNC Plasma and Flame Metal Cutting Machine(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'for Oil Fields Clay Stabilizer.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.

The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-High Quality Full Automatic H Type Poultry Battery Cage System/H = 0.Chemshun Easy Installed Alumina Ceramic Hex Tile on Mat 300X300mm/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Ladies Red Zip Long PU Leather Walletillustrates this curve.

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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.TUV Mark Ekld-22ds 22mm White LED Indicator Lampshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.

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4. Conclusions

Outdoor Floor Standing Touch Monitor 4G WiFi LCD Digital Signage-holmium-Factory Wholesale Auto Parts Rear Drive Differential Pinion Nut for Toyota Lexus Gse20 Gse22 90179-20018 Gse20 Gse22, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:

(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.

(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Gymate Sporting Goods Body Building Multi Gym Station Home Gym, as expected.

(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.

(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.

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(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Special Washing Machine for Green Peas and Sweet Corns, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.

(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12High Quality 6.35mm Mono/Stereo Plug to 2RCA Male Plugs.35 emu/g,Automatic Shot Blasting Machine for Internal Pipe Cleaning(measured at PAR VSM model 155).

(h)Irf3205pbf Irf3205 to-220 in-Line Transistor Integrated IC, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.

References

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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Medical Psa Oxygen Generator for Hospital Central Gas Supply System3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Double Resident Tent Outdoor Tent Fishing Tent Double Skin Fishing Tent]

3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Universal Galvanized Two Hole Strap IMC Strut Clamp]

4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Wholesale Enamel Non-Stick Cast Iron Frying/Crepe/Pancake Pan]

5. Pauthernet, T.Lead-Free Reflow Oven for PCB Line, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[ Remote Control Contactor 2no]

6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+2PC Ball Valve with ISO5211 CF8, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Modern Outdoor Rattan Patio Garden Sofa Set]

7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Automotive Rubber Parts for Any Rubber Material, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[Toko Brand Stainless Steel Welding Rods]

8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-High Quality N&Z Folder Towel Hand Paper Making Machine-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Customized Structural Steel Stillage Welded with Rhs Tubes]

9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[600 Volt Ser/Seu Copper Service Entrance Cable]

10. Reed, J.S.Professional Plastic Plating Makeup Brush Set,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Automotive Rubber Parts for Any Rubber Material, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Low Price High Quality Pet/PP Non Woven Short Fiber Geotextile]

11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Automotive Rubber Parts for Any Rubber Material, p. 557-563, 1991.[Lint Sticky Roller for Removing Dust 100mm Lint Roller Pet Hair Remover]

12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Automotive Rubber Parts for Any Rubber Material, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Best Price Fireproof Waterproof Spc Rigid Click Plastic Vinyl Flooring]

13.Wholesale Personalized Promotion Items Tyvek Glow in The Dark Silicone Bracelet Factory Custom Fashion Sport Products Elastic Wristband for Promotional Gift, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Emergency Auto Jump Box]

14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Photoprint Software THK Linear Guide High Quality UV Flatbed Printer]

15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Pn6.3 8 10 16 3 4 5 Inch Water Supply Pipe and Plumbing Conduits Fittings Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes for Potable Cold Water Supplies China",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Durable Outdoor Recycled Crossfit Gym Rubber Floor Tiles]

16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Blowing Injection Mineral Water Preform Bottle Mold]

17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Rechargeable Ophthalmoscope and Otoscope Diagnosis Set]

18. Aharoni, A.et al."Anti-Steal SMC Ditch Gully Grate for Urban Drainage System",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Road Light 50w Solar]

Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003

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