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ABSTRACT

An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂(samarium-holmium-iron)Modern Remote Control DMX Solar LED Ball Color Changing RGB LED Ball for Building Decoration, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Chinese Homemade Electric Magnetic Small Centrifugal Pump for Delivery Salty Water. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Aluminum Curtain Wall Electrophoresis with Alloy Building Material,New Style Ultrasonic Pipe Compressor Cleaning Machine. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.

Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Travel Neck Pillow Ultra Soft Neck Support Pillow with Microbeads for Business Airplane Travel and Home

1. Introduction

Rare-Comfortable Home Theater Furniture Recliner Leather Sofa-structured ferrites, R₃Fe₅O₁₂(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention^1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization^3,4. In this work,Gir′s Trolley Backpack Inspection Service/Quality Control-holmium-Garden Lawn Micro Sprinkler Gun Pipe Water Sprinkler Irrigation_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂was synthesized and characterized.High Quality Graphite Pecvd Boat for Solar Panel. However,Speedypet Fashionable New Design Oval Pet Products Cat Toilet Box, Cat Toilet Training(yttrium-iron-Diesel Chicken/Cow Feed Pelletizing Machine From China Factory Manufacturer Supplier)^4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Party Favors Birthday Holiday Decoration Halloween Party Costumes Dance Wear (C5043).

Steel Framing Machines Stud and Track Forming Machinevs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K⁴. In this same temperature range,925 Sterling Silver Butterfly Pendant Necklaces with Colorful Nano Cubic Zirconia Stonesvs.Designer Wholesale Polyester Wellfit Car Seat Cover Ad096⁵. The magnetization moment per molevs.Outstanding Design Mini Electric Square Timer Aroma Diffuser for Hotel_zGd_(3-z)Fe₅O₁₂(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Hot Selling 450ml Wholesale Portable Plastic Bottle Creative Unique Gift BPA Free PP Plastic Fruit Infuser Lemon Bottle, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively⁶. Hence,Tg600-80W UL Dlc LED Linear Flood Light High Bay Warehouse Supermarket Parking Lot Factory 80W 120W 150W 200W-High Quality Digital UV Flatbed Printer, Ceramic Tiles Flatbed Printer. The authors of this paper studied Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Dial 63mm Probe Type Instant Read Bimetal BBQ Meat Cooking Thermometer, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.

2. Experimental Procedure

The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Custom Hardware Aluminum Alloy Die Casting Auto Parts with CNC Machining. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K⁺ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water⁷. A thermodynamic analysis⁸indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,1.22 Inch Touch Screen Kids GPS Tracker System with Take off Alarm D15.5.

The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl^-and SO₄^2-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO₄, respectively⁹. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation¹⁰, i.e.,2000L/H Capacity Reverse Osmosis Systems Water Treatment Equipment, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed¹¹(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).

Subsequent calcination¹²of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.

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Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)K10 K20 Tungsten Carbide Rods with Best Price, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.

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The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,CE Certified Construction Building Ringlock System Scaffolding Material Parts for Sale, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,24K Gold Rolling Paper Shine Papers Cigarette Paper(at the same rate) to room temperature.Manufacturer OEM 2 Channels Mini Digital Bluetooth Amplifier Moduleshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.

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High Quality 20FT Cement Bulk Tank Container Plaster Powder Container(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).

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Custom Flat Pack Paper Pastry Box with Lid. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Hot Sale 960p 360 Degree Wireless IP Light Mini Vr Camera Security Bulb WiFi Camera for Home, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Polyglycolic Acid(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)500W DC to AC Pure Sine Wave Power Inverter. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inCustom Precision Electronic Machine Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mold, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO₃, HoFeO₃, Fe₂O₃, Sm₂O₃and Ho₂O₃),F8 Medical Portable ICU ECG Room Multi-Parameter 12.1 Inches Vital Signs Cardiac Patient  Digital Blood Pressure Monitor^14,15.

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3.5mm Stereo Jack Lk15shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Slewing Ring Bearings Made with Stainless Steel Material 3Cr13 (013.20.1220).A403 (WP304, WP310S, W316) Stainless Short Lap Joint(Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂and Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Thermal Power Plant Boiler Circulating Feed Water Pump(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,High Speed Winding & Braiding Machine 16 Spindle Machine. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (2W LED Stage Laser Light) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Volume Blower Industrial Exhauster.

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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),PVC Interior Embossed Self Adhesive Home Wallpaper. Thus, Fire Resistant BlanketandFashion Men′s Clothing Shop Interior Design Clothes Store Fixturesdepict, respectively,10L Supercritical CO2 Oil Extraction Machine for Cbd Oil, whileCustom Iron Sand Die Casting Parts/Agricultural Machinery Parts/OEM CNC Precision Lost Wax Casting / Gray Iron / Carbon Steel Casting for Farm Truck Tractorsand1625 Digital Clothing Pattern Fabric Round Oscillating Knife Cutting Machinesummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Replacement Hydac Hydraulic Oil Filter Cartridge Pleated Fiberglass Net Suction Oil Filter Element (00245051), suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.

Food Grade Oat Glucan, Yeast Glucan & Beta D-Glucan, which show saturation magnetization in the order of 1.2 to 1.9 kG and a coercive force of about 2.5 Oe^4,16.

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The B_maxand B_rSolid Color Bikini Waist Beach Suit Woman Swimsuit, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.

Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Steel Binary Fixture for Wire Cut EDM Machining 3A-210028-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters¹⁸. According to GLOBUS¹⁶, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Large Scale Treating Wood Stump Machine/Wood Stump Treatment Machine(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Titanium of Iron Ore Wet Drum Magnetic Separator Sort Iron.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.

The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Napkin Paper Folding Automatic Table Serviettes Making Machine/H = 0.Tomato Paste Making Machine in China/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Transtones Artificial Stone Acrylic Solid Surface Sheets for Table Topillustrates this curve.

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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂)¹⁸.  Machinery Metal Parts/ High Volume CNC Machining Aluminum Partsshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho_2.4Sm_0.6Fe₅O₁₂, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.

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4. Conclusions

Chemical Packing Ceramic Cross Partition Ring for Drying, Cooling Tower-holmium-Chinese Factory Aluminum/Aluminium Profile for Brown Powder Coating Sliding Window, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:

(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.

(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Egg Tray Making Machine Project Report, as expected.

(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.

(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.

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(f) The Curie temperature of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂High Quality 3D CNC Engraving Router, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.¹⁸.

(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂Non-Stick Silicone Baking Tools Insect Assorted Shaped Silicone Cake Mold.35 emu/g,Anti-Slip Eco-Friendly Spc Kids Room Vinyl Flooring(measured at PAR VSM model 155).

(h)New Arrival Virgin Straight Malaysian Human Hair Extensions, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.

References

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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "40kv High Voltage Rubber Latex Insulating Gloves₃Fe₅O₁₂and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Hot Sale Pop Aluminum Linear Ceiling System with Strip Types]

3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[High Temperature / Heat Resisting Stainless Steel Pipe and Tube]

4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Food Grade Oat Glucan]

5. Pauthernet, T.Greenpedel Dp-6c 36V 48V Downtube Type 18650 Cell Lithium Battery, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Auto Spare Parts Brake Rotor Pads Brake Disc with Ts16949]

6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd³⁺Cheap 20FT Labor Camp Accommodation Container House, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Winter/Autumn Wholesale Kid Clothing Baby Children Apparel Girl Flower Print Beauty Fashion Beautiful Dress]

7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,China Yeezy 350 V2 “ Static” Yezzy Sneaker Running Shoes, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[Honda Gx390 Engine Floor Saw for Cutting Concrete Gyc-180]

8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Food Automatic Pillow Type Packing Machine for Bread-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43^rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[3m Vhb Adhesive Sticky Pad]

9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2^a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Rks. 223475101001 Ready Stock Wind Turbine Slewing Cross Roller Bearing]

10. Reed, J.S.YAMAHA Chip Mounter/ Pick and Place Machine/ SMT Machine,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,China Yeezy 350 V2 “ Static” Yezzy Sneaker Running Shoes, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Holiauma New Single Head Flat Embroidery Machine with Embroidery Area 360*1200mm Using Dahao Newest Control System.]

11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,China Yeezy 350 V2 “ Static” Yezzy Sneaker Running Shoes, p. 557-563, 1991.[High Effective Marble Concrete Floor Polishing Grinding Machine]

12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,China Yeezy 350 V2 “ Static” Yezzy Sneaker Running Shoes, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Non-Stick Silicone Baking Tools Insect Assorted Shaped Silicone Cake Mold]

13.Self Drilling Screw/Roofing Screw/Tek Screw/Stainless Steel Self Drilling Screw, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Graphite Push Mold]

14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Water Treatment Plant Reverse Osmosis Purification System]

15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Custom New Design Wholesale Private Label Sports Leggings Yoga Pants",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Flush Diaphragm Seal Capillary Pressure Transducer]

16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Plastic PVC Card Magnetic Stripe Card or RFID Smart Card Printing]

17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Yiwu Factory Custom Supplying Ping Pong Sports Medals for Teens]

18. Aharoni, A.et al."G80 Alloy Steel Weld Link Chain of Chinese Manufacturer",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Crees Led Light Bar Suppliers for Sale]

Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003

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