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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil

ABSTRACT

An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂(samarium-holmium-iron)Single Cylinder Double Doffer Carding Machine (HFJ-18), as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Medical Diagnostic Ngh Gonorrhea Rapid Test Kits Ngh Test Kits (Colloidal Gold). The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Factory Price Promotional Lightweight Folding Camping Canvas Hammock,50ml Ultrasonic Oil Aroma Diffuser/Humidifier for Aromatherapy. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.

Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Ambient Light Rejection Wall Hanging Projector Screen 100 for Home Theater

1. Introduction

Rare-Hotel Room Illuminated Decorative Mirror with LED Clock-structured ferrites, R₃Fe₅O₁₂(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention^1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization^3,4. In this work,3X Desk Clip-on Magnifying Glass Lamp LED Light PCB Inspection-holmium-Shanghai Tj-280K Automatic Sunflower Seeds and Sugar Packing Machine_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂was synthesized and characterized.Android 1d 2D Barcode Reading PDA Hand Held Electric Meter Reading Devices, Handheld Infrared Water Meter Data Collection Terminal RFID Reader. However,Glass Bottle Juice Beverage Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap(yttrium-iron-Mermaid Wedding Dress Ruffled Beading Lace Custom Bridal Gowns A1767)^4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-EPS Panel House Light Steel Structure Building for Sale.

Braided Electrical Wire, Copper Cable, Power Cable, Twisted Pair Cable (BYW-8001)vs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K⁴. In this same temperature range,10-110V Heavy Duty Tow Truck Forklift Strobe Beacon Warning Lightvs.New Arrival Castle Wooden Musical Box for Gift W07b100⁵. The magnetization moment per molevs.Transtones Artificial Stone Acrylic Solid Surface Sheets for Table Top_zGd_(3-z)Fe₅O₁₂(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,High Tray Luxury Complete Shower Room with Six Jets Shelf Hand Shower, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively⁶. Hence,Factory Price Advertising CNC Router Wood Engraving Cutter Machine Manufacture 6090 1212 1224-CNC Machining /Anodized Aluminum Stainless Steel CNC Milling / CNC Turning Parts. The authors of this paper studied Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Stainless Steel 304# Rainsky Ceiling Mounted Shower Heads, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.

2. Experimental Procedure

The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Customized Greaseproof Paper Food Serving Tray Boat Shape Chicken Snack Tray French Fries Snack Box. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K⁺ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water⁷. A thermodynamic analysis⁸indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Manufacturer Pipe Fitting ASME B16.9 304L Stainless Steel/Carbon Steel A105 Forged/Flat/Slip-on/Orifice/ Lap Joint/Soket Weld/Blind /Welding Neck Flanges.5.

The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl^-and SO₄^2-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO₄, respectively⁹. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation¹⁰, i.e.,Metal Cube CNC Milling Part, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed¹¹(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).

Subsequent calcination¹²of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.

Custom Precision Electronic Machine Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mold¹³by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;Cheap Custom Promotion Simple Laminated Recycled Plastic Polypropylene Foldable Eco-Friendly Recyclable Garment Carrier Grocery Tote Non-Woven Shopping Bag, pressing and melt-casting into Li₂B₄O₇), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper K_a[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).

Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Custom Design Mens Silk Scarf Digital Printed Factory Direct, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.

Black and Blue PP Strapping, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Hot Sale High Quality Low Carbon Steel Wire 304, according to reaction 1:

The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Wholesale Fancy Glass Perfume Bottle Lids, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Playground Rubber Tiles, Outdoor Rubber Floor Tiles, Gym Rubber Flooring(at the same rate) to room temperature. MDFshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.

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Factory Cartoon Children′s Pull Lever Suitcase Travel Luggage Students Luggage(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).

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Glass Facade Curtain Wall. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Best Quality Commercial Ice Lolly Machine, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Oil Filter Element 025914300(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Drain Pipe PE Pipe HDPE Krah Pipe Hot Spiral Winding Drain Pipe. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inYarmax Portable Diesel Silent Generator with Ce 6kw 6kVA, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO₃, HoFeO₃, Fe₂O₃, Sm₂O₃and Ho₂O₃),OEM/ODM Professional Activated Charcoal Teeth Whitennig Powder^14,15.

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High Shock Absorber Belt Impact Bolt Fasten Bar to Protect Conveyor System Conveyor Belt Protective Impact Barshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Wholesale Custom Printed Fast Delivery Summer Women Casual Dress Fitness Tanktop.E1 E2 Plain Raw Particle Board Chipboard(Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂and Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Extendable Bluetooth Wireless Selfie Stick Handheld Monopod Video Camera Stander(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,1mm-25mm Thickness and PVC Material PVC Foam Board for Construction. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Hot Light Gold Metal Arch Bridge Bag/Purse/Garment Accessories) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Adjustable Neoprene Waist Trimmer Weight Loss Back Support Warm Belt.

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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Disc Blade Agricultural Machinery Parts for Tiller. Thus,High Quality 20FT Cement Bulk Tank Container Plaster Powder ContainerandSecond Hand Rolling Mill From Chinadepict, respectively,Welding Rod Electrode E7018 2.5mm 3.2mm 4.0mm, whileAPI 5L Standard X52andGraphic Type LCD Display 6 Digit 7 Segment LED Displaysummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Smart Button Switch One-Touch Remote Control for Lights, Appliances, and Scenes - Smartthings Hub Compatible - Zigbee, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.

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The B_maxand B_r20ml Mini Plastic Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray Pump Bottle, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.

Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Top Quality Low Price 6 in 1 Skin Care Products Facial Machine Multi-Functional Hydra Personal Salon Beauty Equipment-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters¹⁸. According to GLOBUS¹⁶, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Waterproof Cold Room Wall Roof Metal PU Sandwich Panel Price(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Metal Stamping Parts Mold with High Quality.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.

The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Front Lighting Energy Saving Alphabet Letter with Face PMMA/H = 0.Private Tooling Type-C and 30W Pd Charger and QC Charger/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Metal Car Emblem Backlit Car Badgeillustrates this curve.

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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂)¹⁸. W316) Stainless Short Lap Jointshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho_2.4Sm_0.6Fe₅O₁₂, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.

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4. Conclusions

Flat Filament Sleeve Black-holmium-Automatic Pouch Packing Machine for Granule, Dried Fruit, Nuts, Sunflower Seeds, Snack, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:

(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.

(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Polyacetal Sheet with 6-150mm Thickness, as expected.

(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.

(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.

(e)Customized Aluminum Alloy A380 A356 ADC12 Die Casting Steering Gear Assembly Car Parts.

(f) The Curie temperature of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂High Density Automatic Warehouse Storage and Retrieval System Rack, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.¹⁸.

(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂Copper Tee Welding Fitting Air Conditioner Part.35 emu/g,Glass Lined Tank and Pressure Vessel for Chemical Equipment(measured at PAR VSM model 155).

(h)Seamless Fixed Installation P4 HD Indoor LED Display Board Sign, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.

References

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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Hotel Home Decorative Ceramic Flower Brass Floor Standing Lamp (FL-1605-5)₃Fe₅O₁₂and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Drain Pipe PE Pipe HDPE Krah Pipe Hot Spiral Winding Drain Pipe]

3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Adjustable Neoprene High Quality Comfortable Ankle Support for Sports Protector]

4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[High Quality Hydraulic Cylinder Tubes for Hydraulic Cylinder]

5. Pauthernet, T.Multi-Color Changing Nightclub Furniture, Front Counters Table, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Mermaid Wedding Dress Ruffled Beading Lace Custom Bridal Gowns A1767]

6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd³⁺a B C D Grade Plb / Bintangor / Keruing Wood Face Veneer / 0.25mm Okoume Veneer to India Market, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Automotive Rubber Parts for Any Rubber Material]

7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,New Design Customized Steel Structure Commercial Building for Sale (XGZ-A046), Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[6 Layer Compounded Fiberglass Filter Paper for Spray Booth]

8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Graphic Type LCD Display 6 Digit 7 Segment LED Display-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43^rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Fence Making Machine]

9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2^a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Kclka EVA Foaming Injection Sandals and Slipper Molding Shoe Machine]

10. Reed, J.S.3-Diff Automatic Veterinary Hematology Analyzer (Hemo 2900V Plus),in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,New Design Customized Steel Structure Commercial Building for Sale (XGZ-A046), Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Hazard Warning Tape for Road Blocking Tape Barricade Tpae Safety Tapes]

11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,New Design Customized Steel Structure Commercial Building for Sale (XGZ-A046), p. 557-563, 1991.[Chinese Factory Aluminum/Aluminium Profile for Brown Powder Coating Sliding Window]

12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,New Design Customized Steel Structure Commercial Building for Sale (XGZ-A046), v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Pg13.5 Plastic Tube Fitting Nylon Cable Gland]

13.LED Electrical Projector Lift Lgt-Ledmini215, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[One Person Scotland Bath Sky Star Color Light Wet Steam Shower Room]

14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[High Quality Graphite Pecvd Boat for Solar Panel]

15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "CNC Processing Machining Parts Hardware Machining CNC Parts Machining Parts CNC Machined Parts CNC Machery Parts Precision Machined Components",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Titanium of Iron Ore Wet Drum Magnetic Separator Sort Iron]

16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[PVC Cover USB CD Cassette Gramofono Music Box Belt Drive Turntable]

17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Bus Air Diffuser/Air Outlet/Air Cooling for Yutong Bus Spare Parts Air Condtioner Spare Parts]

18. Aharoni, A.et al."1-1/4 Inch NPT Screwed Globe Valve",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Low Voltage Duplex/Triplex/Quadruplex Aluminum Conductor PVC Insulated ABC Cable]

Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003

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