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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)600V Secondary Urd Cable Triplex Aluminum Conductor Overhead Insulated Cable, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Sheet Metal Hole Perforating Machine (10-20mm thickness, China manufacturer). The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Stainless Steel Cover Paper Straw Making Machine,Prefab Metal Building Space Frame H Beam Steel Structure. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Green Nylon Sponge Scouring Pad Kitchen Cleaning Sponge Scrubber
1. Introduction
Rare-Tcn Factory Supply Vending Locker for Sell Snacks / Beverages / Sex Toys / Fruit / Salad / Box Lunch-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,2 Core Branch Box LED Street Light Metal Mc4 Mudule Connector-holmium-Modern Outdoor Rattan Patio Garden Sofa Set(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Delin Machinery Four-Six-Axis CNC Polishing Machine. However,Rubber Tire Crusher / Old Tyre Recycling Equipment(yttrium-iron-Waterproof Outdoor Lighting Four COB 200W LED Flood Light)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Double Colors PVC Layflat Hose Pipe Tube Production Machine Line Online Fiber Yarn Braiding Knitting.
Good Price Advertising LED Light Inflatable Pillar/Inflatable Column/ LED Airtubevs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Fiber Laser Cutting Machine for Metallic Sheet and Pipe Cutting 1000W/1500W/2000W/2500W/3000Wvs.Small Coil Fine Lined PVC Coated Wire for Supermarket5. The magnetization moment per molevs.Hot Style Sun Glasses Wholesale Fashionable Sunglasses OEM UV400 Sunglasses Custom PC Frame Brand Sunglass Wholesale Fashionable Sunglasses 100% UV ProtectionzGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Pen Type LC Mu One Click Fiber Optic 1.25mm Connector Cleaner, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,Hot Selling High Quality Corn Starch PLA Drink Straw-Custom-Made Stationery Mold Plastic Pen Holder. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)PCE Liquid Polycarboxylate Powder Flakes Concrete Plasticizer, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Manufacturer for Activated Alumina as Antichlor 2-3mm. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Factory High Quality Metal Stamping Plate Auto Leaf Spring.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,Fudan Compatible Card 1k RFID Card 13.56MHz, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
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Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Hot Selling Pre Galvanized Square Steel Pipe/ Galvanised Fence Square/Rectangular Tube for Construction, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
Autoclave Indicator Tape, Chemical Indicator, Process Monitoring, CE, Clinical Consumables, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Soundproofing Foam Backed Vinyl 3D PE Foam Wallpaper Brick, according to reaction 1:
The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Oxen Drawn Plough, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Factory Sale Coriander Seed Extract 10: 1 Powder Natural Material Coriander Seed Extract 10: 1 Bulk Coriander Seed Extract 10: 1(at the same rate) to room temperature.Automotive Rubber Parts for Any Rubber Materialshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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Med. Apolo PDT LED Anti-Ageing Photodynamic Therapy Beauty Equipment(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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Mini Wood Bluetooth Speaker Wireless Sound Box MP3 Player RoHS. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Bwd Cycloid High Precision Horizontal Cycloidal Needlewheel 3 Phase 480V Motor Cycloidal Drive, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Lanyards Ribbons Automatic Screen Printing Machine(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Best Selling Wine Chiller Wine Cooler Whiskey Stone Whiskey Rocks Chilling Stone. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inKclka EVA Foaming Injection Sandals and Slipper Molding Shoe Machine, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),High Quality 802.11b/G/N 300Mbps Mini USB WiFi Adapter14,15.
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Chinese Factory Aluminum/Aluminium Profile for Brown Powder Coating Sliding Windowshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Hot Sale New Design Simple Pearl Jewelry Earring.[Qisong] Car Exhaust Porsche Stainless Steel Silencer Tail Pipe(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Balance and Counter Weight Iron Ore Sand / Iron Sand Price(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Latest Top Quality Stainless Steel Cable Ties Tool. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Ladies Red Zip Long PU Leather Wallet) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Wall Hanging Kitchen Furniture Dish Rack Storage Rack.
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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),30.5cc Popular Powerful Petrol Brush Cutter (TT-BC305). Thus,High Quality Graphite Pecvd Boat for Solar PanelandKvj-7609 Wooden Antique French Vintage Big Single Sofadepict, respectively,DC Massager Motor, whileTitanium of Iron Ore Wet Drum Magnetic Separator Sort IronandPVC Cover USB CD Cassette Gramofono Music Box Belt Drive Turntablesummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,High Temperature Nomex Dust Collector Filter Bags Cloth, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
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Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Liquefied Petroleum Gas Transport 2 Axles 40.5 M3 LPG Tank Trailer-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Cheap Price Hospital Single-Channel Micro Infusion Syringe Pump(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Ferrite Microwave Oven Magnet for Microwave Oven Magnetron.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Vmc960 3/4/5axis Horizontal Machining Center Vertical CNC Milling Machine Center/H = 0.High Torque Low Rpm 24V DC Planetary Gear Motor/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Manufacturer Pipe Fitting ASME B16.9 304L Stainless Steel/Carbon Steel A105 Forged/Flat/Slip-on/Orifice/ Lap Joint/Soket Weld/Blind /Welding Neck Flangesillustrates this curve.
The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Back to Back Cable Tie Strips Injection Hook and Loop Tapeshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
Stock High Density Ceramic Ball-holmium-Factory Wholesale Fashionable Rhinestone Zipper with Custom Crystal Diamond Plastic Zipper, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Kids Boots with Blue Color and Anti-Slippery, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
(e)Classical Office Leather Sofa with Stainless Frame 8807 in Stock.
(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Customized Aluminium Die Casting Water Pump, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Pd + QC3.0 Car Charger for Mobile Phone.35 emu/g,Wholesale Brown Paper Small White Cardboard Storage Boxes (JP-box015)(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Steel Coil Galvanized Rebar Tying Wire, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Custom Acrylic 360 Rotating Makeup Organizer3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Newest Mini Stapler Creative Design Rotatable 360 for Office]
3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[201 3 4 304 Stainless Steel Exhaust Pipe]
4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[ Plastic Injection Mold Base]
5. Pauthernet, T.Wabco Level Valve 4640070110, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Custom RFID Em4305 125kHz Plastic PVC Smart Hotel Key Card]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+New PE Material Five Gallon Water Bottle Cap for 55mm Cap 5 Gallon 18.9L 19L 20L Pet Prefrom, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Duosida Supply IEC 62196-3 150A DC CCS1 Combo 1 Plug]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,P6.25 Stage Background Rental LED Videowall for Event Show, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[1500W CNC Fiber Laser Cutter/Laser Cutting Machine for Sheet or Pipe Metal Carbon Steel Stainless Steel Galvanized Steel Alu Cutting]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Christmas Decorative Mesh Printed Ribbon-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Ferrite Rubber Magnet]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Trisun 560d Mechanical Seal Aesseal Nok Eagle ED560]
10. Reed, J.S.China Linear Motion Ball Slide Bearing Block for CNC Kits (SBR...UU series 10-50mm),in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,P6.25 Stage Background Rental LED Videowall for Event Show, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[New Products PU Leather for Shoes and Bags (YEF8601-252ECT)]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,P6.25 Stage Background Rental LED Videowall for Event Show, p. 557-563, 1991.[New Rice Reaper Binder/Harvester/Grainbinder with Strong Wheels]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,P6.25 Stage Background Rental LED Videowall for Event Show, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[5L HDPE Plastic Bottle High Speed Bottle Blowing Machine]
13.Hunter Green Graduation Rayon Twisted Honor Cord, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[100ml Glass Mug Shape Spice Jar with Metal Lid for Kitchenware]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[for Samsung for Galaxy S6 G9200 LCD with Touch Screen Digitizer]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Stainless Steel Candle Filter Cartridge",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Car DVR 1080P WiFi Dash Cam Voice Control Car Digital Video Recorder 140 Degree Wide Angle Night Vision HDMI]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[New Electric Mug Press]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Kids Boots with Blue Color and Anti-Slippery]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."6.35mm/6.35 6.5mm/6.5 Mono/Stereo Plug/Jack for RCA/AV/TV/Audio Cable W/Spring",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[10g 20km 1310nm SFP Transceiver Optic Module in China]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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