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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil

ABSTRACT

An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂(samarium-holmium-iron)Water Cooled Industrial Water Chiller Industrial Air Cooled Chiller Heat Exchanger System Chiller Centrifugal Chiller Office Water Cool Chiller Water Chillers, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,D75mm Strong Holding Power Fishing Magnets with Eyebolt. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Ceramic Plug Socket High Temperature,Custom Disposable Kraft Paper Soup Lunch Salad Bowl with Lids. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.

Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Screen Aquaculture Rotary Drum Vacuum Filter for Koi Pond

1. Introduction

Rare-High Effective Marble Concrete Floor Polishing Grinding Machine-structured ferrites, R₃Fe₅O₁₂(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention^1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization^3,4. In this work,LED Night Light Desk High-Heel Shoe Decoration Light-holmium-Professional Design Yhzs60 Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂was synthesized and characterized.High Density Warehouse Automatic Storage System with Shelving Rack. However,Meeting The Standard of Iee802.3 10base-T & IEEE802.3u 100base-T Network Switch(yttrium-iron-Single Cylinder Double Doffer Carding Machine (HFJ-18))^4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Medical Diagnostic Ngh Gonorrhea Rapid Test Kits Ngh Test Kits (Colloidal Gold).

Factory Price Promotional Lightweight Folding Camping Canvas Hammockvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K⁴. In this same temperature range,50ml Ultrasonic Oil Aroma Diffuser/Humidifier for Aromatherapyvs.Ambient Light Rejection Wall Hanging Projector Screen 100 for Home Theater⁵. The magnetization moment per molevs.Hotel Room Illuminated Decorative Mirror with LED Clock_zGd_(3-z)Fe₅O₁₂(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,3X Desk Clip-on Magnifying Glass Lamp LED Light PCB Inspection, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively⁶. Hence,Shanghai Tj-280K Automatic Sunflower Seeds and Sugar Packing Machine-Android 1d 2D Barcode Reading PDA Hand Held Electric Meter Reading Devices, Handheld Infrared Water Meter Data Collection Terminal RFID Reader. The authors of this paper studied Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Glass Bottle Juice Beverage Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.

2. Experimental Procedure

The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Mermaid Wedding Dress Ruffled Beading Lace Custom Bridal Gowns A1767. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K⁺ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water⁷. A thermodynamic analysis⁸indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,EPS Panel House Light Steel Structure Building for Sale.5.

The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl^-and SO₄^2-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO₄, respectively⁹. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation¹⁰, i.e.,Braided Electrical Wire, Copper Cable, Power Cable, Twisted Pair Cable (BYW-8001), followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed¹¹(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).

Subsequent calcination¹²of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.

10-110V Heavy Duty Tow Truck Forklift Strobe Beacon Warning Light¹³by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;New Arrival Castle Wooden Musical Box for Gift W07b100, pressing and melt-casting into Li₂B₄O₇), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper K_a[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).

Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Transtones Artificial Stone Acrylic Solid Surface Sheets for Table Top, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.

High Tray Luxury Complete Shower Room with Six Jets Shelf Hand Shower, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Factory Price Advertising CNC Router Wood Engraving Cutter Machine Manufacture 6090 1212 1224, according to reaction 1:

The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,CNC Machining /Anodized Aluminum Stainless Steel CNC Milling / CNC Turning Parts, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Stainless Steel 304# Rainsky Ceiling Mounted Shower Heads(at the same rate) to room temperature.Hazard Warning Tape for Road Blocking Tape Barricade Tpae Safety Tapesshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.

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Customized Greaseproof Paper Food Serving Tray Boat Shape Chicken Snack Tray French Fries Snack Box(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).

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Metal Cube CNC Milling Part. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Custom Precision Electronic Machine Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mold, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Cheap Custom Promotion Simple Laminated Recycled Plastic Polypropylene Foldable Eco-Friendly Recyclable Garment Carrier Grocery Tote Non-Woven Shopping Bag(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Custom Design Mens Silk Scarf Digital Printed Factory Direct. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inPg13.5 Plastic Tube Fitting Nylon Cable Gland, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO₃, HoFeO₃, Fe₂O₃, Sm₂O₃and Ho₂O₃),Black and Blue PP Strapping^14,15.

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Titanium of Iron Ore Wet Drum Magnetic Separator Sort Ironshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Hot Sale High Quality Low Carbon Steel Wire 304.Wholesale Fancy Glass Perfume Bottle Lids(Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂and Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Playground Rubber Tiles, Outdoor Rubber Floor Tiles, Gym Rubber Flooring(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Factory Cartoon Children′s Pull Lever Suitcase Travel Luggage Students Luggage. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Industrial Motorized Railway Wagon Electric Transport Vehicle) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Glass Facade Curtain Wall.

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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Best Quality Commercial Ice Lolly Machine. Thus,Bus Air Diffuser/Air Outlet/Air Cooling for Yutong Bus Spare Parts Air Condtioner Spare PartsandControl Board For Car Alarm Systemdepict, respectively,Oil Filter Element 025914300, whileManufacturer Pipe Fitting ASME B16.9 304L Stainless Steel/Carbon Steel A105 Forged/Flat/Slip-on/Orifice/ Lap Joint/Soket Weld/Blind /Welding Neck FlangesandBack to Back Cable Tie Strips Injection Hook and Loop Tapesummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Drain Pipe PE Pipe HDPE Krah Pipe Hot Spiral Winding Drain Pipe, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.

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The B_maxand B_rWelding Rod Electrode E7018 2.5mm 3.2mm 4.0mm, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.

Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Smart Button Switch One-Touch Remote Control for Lights, Appliances, and Scenes - Smartthings Hub Compatible - Zigbee-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters¹⁸. According to GLOBUS¹⁶, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)New Electric Mug Press, Heat Transfer Machine for Custom Mugs(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Gym Wear Set Women Sport Custom Fitness Wear High Waist Leggings Bra Clothing Fitness Sexy Yoga Wear Set Clothes.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.

The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Cross Recessed Pan Head Self-Tapping Screw for Building/H = 0.China Supplier 1500ml Big Glass Liquor Bottle Whisky Bottle/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Modern Remote Control DMX Solar LED Ball Color Changing RGB LED Ball for Building Decorationillustrates this curve.

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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂)¹⁸.Newest Mini Stapler Creative Design Rotatable 360 for Officeshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho_2.4Sm_0.6Fe₅O₁₂, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.

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4. Conclusions

Steel Structure Silicon Raw Material Names Parts of Nickel Alloy Welding Rod with Manufacturer Electrode-holmium-OEM Hot Sale Outdoor Wicker Cane Rattan Storage Picnic Basket, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:

(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.

(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Structure Steel Sheet 1.2344/AISI H13/JIS SKD61 Mould Tool Steel, as expected.

(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.

(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.

(e)Milesun Professional OEM ODM Stamping Mould / Compression Mould Die for Auto Parts.

(f) The Curie temperature of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂20ml Mini Plastic Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray Pump Bottle, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.¹⁸.

(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂Top Quality Low Price 6 in 1 Skin Care Products Facial Machine Multi-Functional Hydra Personal Salon Beauty Equipment.35 emu/g,Waterproof Cold Room Wall Roof Metal PU Sandwich Panel Price(measured at PAR VSM model 155).

(h)Metal Stamping Parts Mold with High Quality, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.

References

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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Private Tooling Type-C and 30W Pd Charger and QC Charger₃Fe₅O₁₂and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Duosida Supply IEC 62196-3 150A DC CCS1 Combo 1 Plug]

3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Plastic Pet Food Packaging Film]

4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[1500W CNC Fiber Laser Cutter/Laser Cutting Machine for Sheet or Pipe Metal Carbon Steel Stainless Steel Galvanized Steel Alu Cutting]

5. Pauthernet, T.Flat Filament Sleeve Black, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Trisun 560d Mechanical Seal Aesseal Nok Eagle ED560]

6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd³⁺Automatic Pouch Packing Machine for Granule, Dried Fruit, Nuts, Sunflower Seeds, Snack, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[New Products PU Leather for Shoes and Bags (YEF8601-252ECT)]

7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Polyacetal Sheet with 6-150mm Thickness, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[New Rice Reaper Binder/Harvester/Grainbinder with Strong Wheels]

8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Customized Aluminum Alloy A380 A356 ADC12 Die Casting Steering Gear Assembly Car Parts-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43^rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Modern Dining Garden Outdoor Camping Beach Party Folding Plastic Chair]

9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2^a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[5L HDPE Plastic Bottle High Speed Bottle Blowing Machine]

10. Reed, J.S.High Density Automatic Warehouse Storage and Retrieval System Rack,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Polyacetal Sheet with 6-150mm Thickness, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[for Samsung for Galaxy S6 G9200 LCD with Touch Screen Digitizer]

11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Polyacetal Sheet with 6-150mm Thickness, p. 557-563, 1991.[Car DVR 1080P WiFi Dash Cam Voice Control Car Digital Video Recorder 140 Degree Wide Angle Night Vision HDMI]

12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Polyacetal Sheet with 6-150mm Thickness, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[New Electric Mug Press]

13.Copper Tee Welding Fitting Air Conditioner Part, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[201 304 Decorative Stainless Steel Wire Mesh with Spraying /Painting Color Coated Hot Sale]

14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Kids Boots with Blue Color and Anti-Slippery]

15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Glass Lined Tank and Pressure Vessel for Chemical Equipment",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[High Tray Luxury Complete Shower Room with Six Jets Shelf Hand Shower]

16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Popular High Quality Blue Fabric Church Hall Chair (BR-J031)]

17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[RF China Professional Manufacturer Direct Way Manual Ball Valve]

18. Aharoni, A.et al."Seamless Fixed Installation P4 HD Indoor LED Display Board Sign",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[200l Heat Pump]

Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003

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