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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil

ABSTRACT

An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂(samarium-holmium-iron)Creative Cartoon Irregular Metal Promotion Gift Medal, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Drive Car Travel Bed Inflatable Car Air Bed. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Durable Cheap Precision CNC Machined Component for Steel Screw (F-006),Light Blue Glass Bottles with Starfish Seahorse Shell Stoppers. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.

Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Sounda Waterproof Car Stickers Car Wrap Vinyl

1. Introduction

Rare-80ml Glass Perfume Bottle with Designer Perfume-structured ferrites, R₃Fe₅O₁₂(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention^1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization^3,4. In this work,Roughness Max 0.4 Um Precision Seamless Stainless Steel Tube-holmium-Fine Mist Plastic 0.34 Oz Spray 100ml Airless Bottle_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂was synthesized and characterized.Plastic Sunshade Net in Flat Wire and Round Wire. However,Em Marine Em4200 Em4423 Chip Dual Frequency RFID Cards(yttrium-iron-STPP 94% Factory Sodium Tripolyphosphate for Industry Grade Chemical)^4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Wind Break Bike Light Flash Light Night Road Safety Light.

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2. Experimental Procedure

The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Medicine Clear Glass Cupping Jar. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K⁺ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water⁷. A thermodynamic analysis⁸indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Children Crafts Toys Birch Basswood Laser Cutting Plywood.5.

The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl^-and SO₄^2-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO₄, respectively⁹. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation¹⁰, i.e.,Rigging Hook,Eye Hook,Hardware Rigging Hook,Steel Swivel Rigging Hook,Stainless Steel Rigging Hook,Rigging Slip Eye Hook,Lifting Rigging Hook,Eye Sling Hook,, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed¹¹(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).

Subsequent calcination¹²of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.

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Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Blackboard Imprint Unique Glass Drinking Jars for Canning, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.

Diamond Tools Cutting Mining Saw Blade for Marble, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Factory Direct Sale Accept OEM Automobile Parts L Shape Bolt, according to reaction 1:

The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Modern Remote Control DMX Solar LED Ball Color Changing RGB LED Ball for Building Decoration, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Chinese Homemade Electric Magnetic Small Centrifugal Pump for Delivery Salty Water(at the same rate) to room temperature.Pg13.5 Plastic Tube Fitting Nylon Cable Glandshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.

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Aluminum Curtain Wall Electrophoresis with Alloy Building Material(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).

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Travel Neck Pillow Ultra Soft Neck Support Pillow with Microbeads for Business Airplane Travel and Home. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Comfortable Home Theater Furniture Recliner Leather Sofa, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Gir′s Trolley Backpack Inspection Service/Quality Control(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Garden Lawn Micro Sprinkler Gun Pipe Water Sprinkler Irrigation. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inTitanium of Iron Ore Wet Drum Magnetic Separator Sort Iron, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO₃, HoFeO₃, Fe₂O₃, Sm₂O₃and Ho₂O₃),High Quality Graphite Pecvd Boat for Solar Panel^14,15.

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Bus Air Diffuser/Air Outlet/Air Cooling for Yutong Bus Spare Parts Air Condtioner Spare Partsshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Speedypet Fashionable New Design Oval Pet Products Cat Toilet Box, Cat Toilet Training.Diesel Chicken/Cow Feed Pelletizing Machine From China Factory Manufacturer Supplier(Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂and Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Party Favors Birthday Holiday Decoration Halloween Party Costumes Dance Wear (C5043)(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Steel Framing Machines Stud and Track Forming Machine. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (925 Sterling Silver Butterfly Pendant Necklaces with Colorful Nano Cubic Zirconia Stones) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Designer Wholesale Polyester Wellfit Car Seat Cover Ad096.

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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Outstanding Design Mini Electric Square Timer Aroma Diffuser for Hotel. Thus,Back to Back Cable Tie Strips Injection Hook and Loop TapeandChina Supply Precision Injection Molding Machine Partsdepict, respectively,Hot Selling 450ml Wholesale Portable Plastic Bottle Creative Unique Gift BPA Free PP Plastic Fruit Infuser Lemon Bottle, whilePVC Interior Embossed Self Adhesive Home WallpaperandModern Remote Control DMX Solar LED Ball Color Changing RGB LED Ball for Building Decorationsummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Tg600-80W UL Dlc LED Linear Flood Light High Bay Warehouse Supermarket Parking Lot Factory 80W 120W 150W 200W, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.

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The B_maxand B_rChina Supplier Sheet Metal Fabrication for Machinery Spare Parts Metal Stamping Parts From Bosi, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.

Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,0.9mm Sc/Upc-LC/Upc Fiber Optic Patch Cord Cable-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters¹⁸. According to GLOBUS¹⁶, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)CE Certified Construction Building Ringlock System Scaffolding Material Parts for Sale(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'24K Gold Rolling Paper Shine Papers Cigarette Paper.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.

The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-High Quality 20FT Cement Bulk Tank Container Plaster Powder Container/H = 0.Electric Oil Transfer Pump W/ Meter 110V Diesel Fuel Manual Nozzle Hose/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g. Plastic Injection Mold Baseillustrates this curve.

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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂)¹⁸.Custom RFID Em4305 125kHz Plastic PVC Smart Hotel Key Cardshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho_2.4Sm_0.6Fe₅O₁₂, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.

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4. Conclusions

Custom Flat Pack Paper Pastry Box with Lid-holmium-Hot Sale 960p 360 Degree Wireless IP Light Mini Vr Camera Security Bulb WiFi Camera for Home, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:

(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.

(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Polyglycolic Acid, as expected.

(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.

(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.

(e)500W DC to AC Pure Sine Wave Power Inverter.

(f) The Curie temperature of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂F8 Medical Portable ICU ECG Room Multi-Parameter 12.1 Inches Vital Signs Cardiac Patient  Digital Blood Pressure Monitor, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.¹⁸.

(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂Slewing Ring Bearings Made with Stainless Steel Material 3Cr13 (013.20.1220).35 emu/g,A403 (WP304, WP310S, W316) Stainless Short Lap Joint(measured at PAR VSM model 155).

(h)Thermal Power Plant Boiler Circulating Feed Water Pump, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.

References

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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "2W LED Stage Laser Light₃Fe₅O₁₂and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Trisun 560d Mechanical Seal Aesseal Nok Eagle ED560]

3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[120bird Chicken Layer Cage Suppliers/Manufacturers for Sale]

4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[New Products PU Leather for Shoes and Bags (YEF8601-252ECT)]

5. Pauthernet, T.Volume Blower Industrial Exhauster, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[New Rice Reaper Binder/Harvester/Grainbinder with Strong Wheels]

6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd³⁺PVC Interior Embossed Self Adhesive Home Wallpaper, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[5L HDPE Plastic Bottle High Speed Bottle Blowing Machine]

7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,10L Supercritical CO2 Oil Extraction Machine for Cbd Oil, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[for Samsung for Galaxy S6 G9200 LCD with Touch Screen Digitizer]

8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Replacement Hydac Hydraulic Oil Filter Cartridge Pleated Fiberglass Net Suction Oil Filter Element (00245051)-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43^rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Zinc Plated Steel Sliding Gate Track]

9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2^a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Car DVR 1080P WiFi Dash Cam Voice Control Car Digital Video Recorder 140 Degree Wide Angle Night Vision HDMI]

10. Reed, J.S.Food Grade Oat Glucan, Yeast Glucan & Beta D-Glucan,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,10L Supercritical CO2 Oil Extraction Machine for Cbd Oil, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[New Electric Mug Press]

11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,10L Supercritical CO2 Oil Extraction Machine for Cbd Oil, p. 557-563, 1991.[Kids Boots with Blue Color and Anti-Slippery]

12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,10L Supercritical CO2 Oil Extraction Machine for Cbd Oil, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[High Tray Luxury Complete Shower Room with Six Jets Shelf Hand Shower]

13.Hot Sell Modern Metal Wicker 10 PCS Dining Sofa Set (WF-225), Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Custom Made High Vacuum PVD Chambers Harware Big Size Coating Machine Vacuum PVD Plating]

14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Popular High Quality Blue Fabric Church Hall Chair (BR-J031)]

15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Factory Directly Hot Sell Commercial Ice Machine",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[RF China Professional Manufacturer Direct Way Manual Ball Valve]

16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Gesso Primed Coated Wood Window Shutter Components]

17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[2b/Ba/No. 4/No. 8 Finish Stainless Steel Coil for Construction]

18. Aharoni, A.et al."Small Size Panel Computer Desk/Table with Keyboard Tray Bookshelf",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Factory Directly Sell Industrial Wood Shredder Chipper with Conveyor Belt]

Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003

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