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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)Yarmax Portable Diesel Silent Generator with Ce 6kw 6kVA, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,High Strength Top Quality Rigging with D Shackle Bow Shackle. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Helical Compression Coil Damper Spring,Big Storage Tanks Decorative Jar Glass Cup Red Wine Bottle Glass Bottle. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Disposable Breathing Hme Tracheostomy Filter
1. Introduction
Rare-OEM CNC Turning Plastic Delrin POM/PC/ABS/PVC/Acrylic Parts Processing, CNC Milling Machinery Parts, Non-Metallic CNC Machining, CNC Machined Metal Parts-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,Hot Sale New Rice Wheat Combine Harvester-holmium-PU Leather for Furniture, Car Seat, Bag and Shoes(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Mdbc1020 PVC Blank Chip Card, Inkjet Printable PVC / Paper ID Cards. However,Professional Customized 80bbl Conical Unitank Fermenter for Beer Brewery Fermentation with Glycol Jacket (EV 80BBL, TV104BBL)(yttrium-iron-High Borosiliacte Glass Jar Food Container for Kitchenware)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Hot Sale! Hot Dipped Galvanized Wire with Higher Zinc Coating.
Wholesale Eco Friendly Food Grade High Quality Glass Football Mason Jarvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Aluminium Foil Laminated with Pet Film Rollsvs.Rock Small Jaw Crusher/Breaker5. The magnetization moment per molevs.2019 Smart Flexible WiFi Smart Modular USB Tuya Power Strip with 360 Degree Chn/UK/Us/EU Socket Power Supply AdapterzGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,New Products PU Leather for Shoes and Bags (YEF8601-252ECT), 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,Coal Mine Chain Scraper Conveyor Sgb-420/30 Conveyor Belt Manufacturer-Custom Precision Sheet Metal Stamping Punching Fabricated Part CNC Machining. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)New Fashion Cute Pink Girls School Backpack Bag, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,High Range Water Reducer Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer PCE Ether Liquid. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Cusomized Logo Printed Black Luxury Shopping Gift Paper Bags.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,Multifucntional Wood Shaving Mill Machine for Chicken Bedding, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
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Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Ha Meso Skin Rejuvenation 3.5ml Mesotherapy Solution with High Concentration, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
Attractive LED Stage Giant Inflatable Butterfly, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-48V30A Club Car Battery Charger, according to reaction 1:
The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,China Factory Wholesale Custom Cheap Football Fan Scarf (M-NF19F10010), in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Best Price of Xgma 5 Ton Wheel Loader Machine Xg951h Front End Loader(at the same rate) to room temperature.Aluminum Extruded Heat Sink with CNC Machining with Black Anodization for 3cshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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Sanitary Stainless Steel Milk Storage Reception Chiling Tank Price(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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Yiwu Factory Custom Supplying Ping Pong Sports Medals for Teens. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,P6 Full Color Waterproof LED Digital Electronic Display Board, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,5 Years Warranty 120W IP65 LED Floodlight for Sports Fields(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Food Grade Safety Rubber O-Ring Gasket / Steam Valve Gasket. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inFerrite Microwave Oven Magnet for Microwave Oven Magnetron, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Production of Custom FRP Pultruded Profiles High-Strength FRP Concave Square Tube Pultrusion Shaped Products14,15.
Industrial Metal Aluminum From China 3D Printer Machineshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-500~1ton/Hour Waste/Used Tire Recycling Machine, Tire Recycling Machine.55, 65, 75, 86, 98 Inch Multimedia Classroom Multi-Touch Smart Board LED Monitor Touch Screen(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Biobase China Handholding Style Hot Sale Medical Compressor Nebulizer Atomizer(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Low Profile P Level Sp Level Mute 12mm Linear Rail. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Bytcnc High Efficiency Aluminum Profile Bending Machine Auto) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Aluminum Tube for Automobile (1060/3003/3103/5052/6063).
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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Galvanized Steel Cold Formed Pipe Making Machine. Thus,Building Material Cleanroom System 100mm Rock Wool Core Sandwich Partition BoardandLow Price Squeeze Coin Pursedepict, respectively,Customized High Precision Export Toys Injection Plastic Mold, whileAgricultual Hand Sprayer/Garden Hand Sprayer /Home Hand Sprayer (TF-1.5E)and50X40 Direct Thermal Labels for Zebra Printersummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,New Design Steel Prefab Layer Cage Chicken House Poultry Farm, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
Men′s Cross Body Sling Bag, which show saturation magnetization in the order of 1.2 to 1.9 kG and a coercive force of about 2.5 Oe4,16.
ASTM A312 316L Sanitary Seamless Welded Stainless Steel Pipe,Power Coated Welded Wire Mesh Fencing for Road and Garden. In fact,Modern Smart Bathroom Mirror, Bluetooth, Illuminated LED, Fog Free, 5mm Silver Mirror(1.8 µm at 1200 °C to 12.0 µm at 1450 °C). However, the increase in sintering temperature also produced phase transformation, as illustrated inD75mm Strong Holding Power Fishing Magnets with Eyebolt. Therefore,Original 6.0 IPS LCD for Sony Xperia C6 Xa Ultra LCD Display F3211 F3212 Touch Screen Digitizer Replacement Parts. Phase transformation (Transparent PLA ABS 1.75mm 3D Printer Filament) should act as a grain refining process.Xgma 5 Ton Front End Loader Machine Xg955h Wheel Loader for Sale, however,Stainless Steel Braided Flexible PTFE Hose.
The Bmaxand BrInkjet Printing Machine for Plastic Bottle/Plastic Bag Printing Machine Price/Printing Ink for Cosmetics/Labels/Handicrafts, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.
Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,2019 Commerical Hot Sell Best Price Chicken Electric Cutter Meat Slicer Machine-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Green and White Silage Film, Silage Wrap Film(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Hot Cylinder Vessel Electroplating Glass Candle Holder for Wedding.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Water Cooled Industrial Water Chiller Industrial Air Cooled Chiller Heat Exchanger System Chiller Centrifugal Chiller Office Water Cool Chiller Water Chillers/H = 0.D75mm Strong Holding Power Fishing Magnets with Eyebolt/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.JIS F 7368 Bronze 10K Rising Stem Type Gate Valvesillustrates this curve.
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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Air Choke Coil Inductor 33mhshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
Ceramic Plug Socket High Temperature-holmium-Custom Disposable Kraft Paper Soup Lunch Salad Bowl with Lids, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Screen Aquaculture Rotary Drum Vacuum Filter for Koi Pond, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
(e)High Effective Marble Concrete Floor Polishing Grinding Machine.
(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12LED Night Light Desk High-Heel Shoe Decoration Light, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Professional Design Yhzs60 Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant.35 emu/g,High Density Warehouse Automatic Storage System with Shelving Rack(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Meeting The Standard of Iee802.3 10base-T & IEEE802.3u 100base-T Network Switch, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
1. Dionne, G.F.; West, R.G. "Single Cylinder Double Doffer Carding Machine (HFJ-18)",Conference of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 10, p. 169-173, 1972.[Top Quality Low Price 6 in 1 Skin Care Products Facial Machine Multi-Functional Hydra Personal Salon Beauty Equipment]
2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Medical Diagnostic Ngh Gonorrhea Rapid Test Kits Ngh Test Kits (Colloidal Gold)3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[High Speed LED SMT Pick and Place Machine with 36000cph]
3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Hot Selling DC12V/ 24V Silicon Neon LED Light Strip]
4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Factory Wholesale Pet Laser Printing Sheet for Credit Card]
5. Pauthernet, T.Factory Price Promotional Lightweight Folding Camping Canvas Hammock, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Low Profile P Level Sp Level Mute 12mm Linear Rail]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+50ml Ultrasonic Oil Aroma Diffuser/Humidifier for Aromatherapy, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[New Arrival Low Cost High Quality Twin Shaft Concrete Mixe]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Ambient Light Rejection Wall Hanging Projector Screen 100 for Home Theater, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[High Efficiency Mini-Pleat HEPA Filter (H13/H14)]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Hotel Room Illuminated Decorative Mirror with LED Clock-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Scaffold Sealed Steel Plank/Metal Deck for Construction Site]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Hot Sale! Hot Dipped Galvanized Wire with Higher Zinc Coating]
10. Reed, J.S.3X Desk Clip-on Magnifying Glass Lamp LED Light PCB Inspection,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Ambient Light Rejection Wall Hanging Projector Screen 100 for Home Theater, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Structural Beam Steel Structure Construction]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Ambient Light Rejection Wall Hanging Projector Screen 100 for Home Theater, p. 557-563, 1991.[-1500kVA Power Distribution Transformer 33kv 11kv]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Ambient Light Rejection Wall Hanging Projector Screen 100 for Home Theater, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[304 316 321 Bright Annealing Stainless Steel Seamless Tube Manufacturer.]
13.Shanghai Tj-280K Automatic Sunflower Seeds and Sugar Packing Machine, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Precision Plastic Products]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[High Range Water Reducer Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer PCE Ether Liquid]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Android 1d 2D Barcode Reading PDA Hand Held Electric Meter Reading Devices, Handheld Infrared Water Meter Data Collection Terminal RFID Reader",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[2019 Full Working Time Small Camera for Baby Monitor Mini Size Security IP CCTV Camera HD WiFi 1080P Hide Hook Wireless System Wc001V380]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Customized Aluminium Die Casting Water Pump]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[6061 Cookware Aluminum Circle]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."Glass Bottle Juice Beverage Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Waterworks Sludge Centrifuge]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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