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Valeska da Rocha Caffarena LC; Tsuneharu Ogasawara

COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil

ABSTRACT

An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂(samarium-holmium-iron)Case Erector and Bottom Sealer Carton Erecting Machine, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,BSCI China Supply Waterproof Multi Function Foldable Travel Garment Bags. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Quick Engraving Button Pattern CO2 Laser Marking Machine 80W 100W Glass Tube,Multi-Language Software Optical Interactive Whiteboard Support Mac & Windows. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.

Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Ycom USB Charger and Data Cable with Aluminum for Type C

1. Introduction

Rare-Outdoor All in One Solar Garden/Wall/Courtyard/Pathway/Highway/Lawn Light UFO Shape-structured ferrites, R₃Fe₅O₁₂(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention^1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization^3,4. In this work,High Insulation Borosilicate Glass Food Storage Containers with Lids-holmium-Factory Wholesale Decorative Custom Logo Single Cap Rivet, Iron 12mm Jeans Denim Metal Rivet for Bag_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂was synthesized and characterized.Mechanical Car Parking Solutions. However,Professional PCB Board Manufacturer, Multilayers/Thick Copper(yttrium-iron-Melamine/Phenolic Film Faced Plywood for Construction Use)^4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Noble Silver S5 Series Door Ventilator Air Curtain with RC.

Stainless Steel Filter Housing with Cartridge Filter for Industry Filtration Usevs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K⁴. In this same temperature range,High Precision Low Deformation High Density High Pressure Resistance Complex Inner Cavity Smooth Surface Hydraulic Casting-Gear Pumpvs.High Quality Custom Aluminum Metal Foil Perfume⁵. The magnetization moment per molevs.Concentration 85% Phosphoric Acid for Acidity Regulators and Nutrients_zGd_(3-z)Fe₅O₁₂(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,China Good Quality Slitting and Rewinding Machine, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively⁶. Hence,Colors Hot Stamping Foil Film for Paper/Leather/Textile/Fabrics/Plastics-High Quality Aluminum Heat Sink Products. The authors of this paper studied Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Double Eccentric Flanged Industrial Butterfly Valve, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.

2. Experimental Procedure

The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,En 10219 Hot Formed Square Hollow Sections Made in China Steel Hollow Section 50mm*30mm. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K⁺ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water⁷. A thermodynamic analysis⁸indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,100% Cotton Waffle Hotel Bathrobe.5.

The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl^-and SO₄^2-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO₄, respectively⁹. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation¹⁰, i.e.,Hot Sale Best Price for Magnesium Sulphate Heptahydrate, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed¹¹(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).

Subsequent calcination¹²of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.

Blank Ceramic Pen Holder for Sublimation Printing¹³by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;Molded Rubber Diaphragms for Bellows Diaphragm, pressing and melt-casting into Li₂B₄O₇), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper K_a[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).

Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Tri-Axle 18-70cbm Silo Bulk Cement Bulker Wheat Flour Tanker Trailer, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.

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The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Home Gym Fitness Equipment Elliptical Cross Trainer with Seat, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,12 Constellation Pendant Necklace Fashion Drilled Titanium Steel Necklace Jewelry(at the same rate) to room temperature. Multilayers/Thick Coppershows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.

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Cantilever Oxygen Plasma Cutter 80(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).

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Upoe Splitter Network Signal Splitter Multiplexer One Network Cable Transmits 2 Channels of Network Signal Waterproof. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Textile Fusing Machine Ultrasonic Non-Woven Welding Machine, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Electric Hydraulic Three-Station Bus Bar Cutting Punching Bending Machine for Copper Processing(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)ODMT Series Air Driven Liquid Booster System. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated in3 Disc Dry Type High Intensity Magnetic Separator, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO₃, HoFeO₃, Fe₂O₃, Sm₂O₃and Ho₂O₃),Offshore Drilling Plathform Dummy Load Bank^14,15.

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Angelbella 1b#30# Human Hair Bundles with Brazilian Mink Straight Hairshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-NPT Threaded Spring Check Valve.3 Disc Dry Type High Intensity Magnetic Separator(Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂and Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Home Products 10′ Perforated Flex Pipe(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Food Gift Boxes Flat Pack Gift Boxes. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Water Reducing Agent 10% Snf Concrete Admixtures Mixer) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Vehicle Car Brake Drum 42431-60280 for Toyota Land Cruiser Fzj100.

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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Trehalose Health Food Additive Sweetner. Thus,Egg Tray Making Machine Project ReportandAutomatic Cookie Makerdepict, respectively,Cap Sleeves Bridal Dress Pleated Organza Mermaid Wedding Gown Lb3237, whileManufacture 100% Polyester Wadding RollandPet Shrink Label PVC Shrink Label Offsetsummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Adult Toys Silicone G Spot Massage Female Vibrator, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.

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The B_maxand B_r11oz Ceramic Sublimation Glazed Color Porcelain Mug with Personalized Printing, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.

Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,750-4 W/Grnd Aluminum Metal Clad Cable-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters¹⁸. According to GLOBUS¹⁶, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Factory Price Embossed Aluminum Sheet for Refrigerator Innner Panel 1100 1050 3003 3105 5052 0.4mm 0.6mm 0.8mm(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'for U Designs Cute Print Casual Lace up Wholesale High-Quality Shoes for Kids Boys Girls Running Sneaker.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.

The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Metal Office Table Hole Cover/Cable Wire Box (HC-GN5)/H = 0.High Auto Grade Sludge Dewatering Screw Press Machine/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g. Lr180-769billustrates this curve.

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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂)¹⁸.10000va Automatic Voltage Regulator AC Stabilizershows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho_2.4Sm_0.6Fe₅O₁₂, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.

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4. Conclusions

High Quality T8 1200mm No Flicking SMD2835 LED Tube Light-holmium-Industrial 128X64 Graphic Stn/Positive Display Screen Aip31107/Aip31108 Controller Panel 20pins 12864 LCD Module, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:

(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.

(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Empty Capsules Hard Gelatin Capsule (Halal GMP, . etc), as expected.

(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.

(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.

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(f) The Curie temperature of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂Hot DIP Galvanized Razor Barbed Wire with Factory Price, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.¹⁸.

(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂Best Brushed Aluminum and Glass Industrial Mini Linear Mosaic Tiles.35 emu/g,Electric Magnetic Lifter for Steel Scraps on Overhead Crane(measured at PAR VSM model 155).

(h)Custom Outdoor Event Party Folding Gazebo Tent (DY-AD-4), probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.

References

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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "180cbm/H Concrete Batching Tower/Concrete Batching Station for Sale₃Fe₅O₁₂and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[100% Non-Woven Hospital Disposable Cubicle Curtains]

3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Agricultural Machinery]

4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[ Pet]

5. Pauthernet, T.Jusha Dental Steam Sterilizer Label, Autoclave Indicator Tape, Sterilization Indication, PVC Tape, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[24K Gold Rolling Paper Shine Papers Cigarette Paper]

6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd³⁺High Speed Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe Making Machine, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Hot DIP Galvanized Razor Barbed Wire with Factory Price]

7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Braided Flexible Rubber Fuel Line Oil Delivery Hose, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[ Chemical Indicator]

8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Organic Waste Composting Machine for Chicken Manure/Waste to Organic Fertilizer Fermentation Compost Equipment-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43^rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Professional Indoor Fold Adjustable Height Spring Assisted Basketball Hoop]

9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2^a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Steel Structure Warehouse with High Corrosion Resistant]

10. Reed, J.S.LED Stage Light 300W Beam Spot Wash Moving Head for Wedding. Events,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Braided Flexible Rubber Fuel Line Oil Delivery Hose, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Anti-Steal SMC Ditch Gully Grate for Urban Drainage System]

11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Braided Flexible Rubber Fuel Line Oil Delivery Hose, p. 557-563, 1991.[Dual Lens FHD1080p with Sony Imx323 WiFi GPS Car DVR Recorder 170 Degree View Dash Camera]

12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Braided Flexible Rubber Fuel Line Oil Delivery Hose, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Hot Sale New Design Simple Pearl Jewelry Earring]

13.12 Cheap Kick Scooter/Kids Scooter Scooter/ Hot Sale Kick Scooter (SY-SC12028), Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Biodegradable Paper White Cardboard Food Packing Fast Food Takeaway Box]

14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Energy Saving Hot Sale Roller Grinder Equipment in China]

15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Automatic Corrugated Box Package Drop Impact Testing Equipment",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Trehalose Health Food Additive Sweetner]

16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Professional OEM Machining Part for CNC Milling Metal Machinery Parts]

17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Street Light Pole Advertising Poster Image Signage Flex Banner Stand]

18. Aharoni, A.et al."CNC Machining Communication Equipment Spare Part Customized Brass Screw with The Good Quality",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Galvanized Steel Grating Steps For Ladder]

Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003

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