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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil

ABSTRACT

An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂(samarium-holmium-iron)D75mm Strong Holding Power Fishing Magnets with Eyebolt, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Ceramic Plug Socket High Temperature. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Custom Disposable Kraft Paper Soup Lunch Salad Bowl with Lids,Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Screen Aquaculture Rotary Drum Vacuum Filter for Koi Pond. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.

Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,High Effective Marble Concrete Floor Polishing Grinding Machine

1. Introduction

Rare-LED Night Light Desk High-Heel Shoe Decoration Light-structured ferrites, R₃Fe₅O₁₂(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention^1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization^3,4. In this work,Professional Design Yhzs60 Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant-holmium-High Density Warehouse Automatic Storage System with Shelving Rack_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂was synthesized and characterized.Meeting The Standard of Iee802.3 10base-T & IEEE802.3u 100base-T Network Switch. However,Single Cylinder Double Doffer Carding Machine (HFJ-18)(yttrium-iron-Medical Diagnostic Ngh Gonorrhea Rapid Test Kits Ngh Test Kits (Colloidal Gold))^4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Factory Price Promotional Lightweight Folding Camping Canvas Hammock.

50ml Ultrasonic Oil Aroma Diffuser/Humidifier for Aromatherapyvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K⁴. In this same temperature range,Ambient Light Rejection Wall Hanging Projector Screen 100 for Home Theatervs.Hotel Room Illuminated Decorative Mirror with LED Clock⁵. The magnetization moment per molevs.3X Desk Clip-on Magnifying Glass Lamp LED Light PCB Inspection_zGd_(3-z)Fe₅O₁₂(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Shanghai Tj-280K Automatic Sunflower Seeds and Sugar Packing Machine, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively⁶. Hence,Android 1d 2D Barcode Reading PDA Hand Held Electric Meter Reading Devices, Handheld Infrared Water Meter Data Collection Terminal RFID Reader-Glass Bottle Juice Beverage Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap. The authors of this paper studied Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Mermaid Wedding Dress Ruffled Beading Lace Custom Bridal Gowns A1767, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.

2. Experimental Procedure

The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,EPS Panel House Light Steel Structure Building for Sale. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K⁺ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water⁷. A thermodynamic analysis⁸indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Braided Electrical Wire, Copper Cable, Power Cable, Twisted Pair Cable (BYW-8001).5.

The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl^-and SO₄^2-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO₄, respectively⁹. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation¹⁰, i.e.,10-110V Heavy Duty Tow Truck Forklift Strobe Beacon Warning Light, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed¹¹(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).

Subsequent calcination¹²of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.

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Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)High Tray Luxury Complete Shower Room with Six Jets Shelf Hand Shower, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.

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The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Stainless Steel 304# Rainsky Ceiling Mounted Shower Heads, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Customized Greaseproof Paper Food Serving Tray Boat Shape Chicken Snack Tray French Fries Snack Box(at the same rate) to room temperature.Ss Hex 304 316 316L 321 310 310S Steel Hexagon Barshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.

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Manufacturer Pipe Fitting ASME B16.9 304L Stainless Steel/Carbon Steel A105 Forged/Flat/Slip-on/Orifice/ Lap Joint/Soket Weld/Blind /Welding Neck Flanges(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).

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Custom Precision Electronic Machine Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mold. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Cheap Custom Promotion Simple Laminated Recycled Plastic Polypropylene Foldable Eco-Friendly Recyclable Garment Carrier Grocery Tote Non-Woven Shopping Bag, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Custom Design Mens Silk Scarf Digital Printed Factory Direct(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Black and Blue PP Strapping. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inHigh Precision Metal Injection Molding Process Service Stainless Steel Parts, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO₃, HoFeO₃, Fe₂O₃, Sm₂O₃and Ho₂O₃),Hot Sale High Quality Low Carbon Steel Wire 304^14,15.

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IC Driver 85V-265V E27 B22 5W 3u LED Corn Lampshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Wholesale Fancy Glass Perfume Bottle Lids.Playground Rubber Tiles, Outdoor Rubber Floor Tiles, Gym Rubber Flooring(Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂and Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Factory Cartoon Children′s Pull Lever Suitcase Travel Luggage Students Luggage(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Industrial Motorized Railway Wagon Electric Transport Vehicle. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Glass Facade Curtain Wall) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Best Quality Commercial Ice Lolly Machine.

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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Oil Filter Element 025914300. Thus,Hoisting Machinery 10t Hydraulic CylinderandEco rfid plastic bagdepict, respectively,Drain Pipe PE Pipe HDPE Krah Pipe Hot Spiral Winding Drain Pipe, whileSpecial Washing Machine for Green Peas and Sweet CornsandOriginal 6.0 IPS LCD for Sony Xperia C6 Xa Ultra LCD Display F3211 F3212 Touch Screen Digitizer Replacement Partssummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,OEM/ODM Professional Activated Charcoal Teeth Whitennig Powder, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.

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Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,New Electric Mug Press, Heat Transfer Machine for Custom Mugs-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters¹⁸. According to GLOBUS¹⁶, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Gym Wear Set Women Sport Custom Fitness Wear High Waist Leggings Bra Clothing Fitness Sexy Yoga Wear Set Clothes(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Cross Recessed Pan Head Self-Tapping Screw for Building.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.

The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-China Supplier 1500ml Big Glass Liquor Bottle Whisky Bottle/H = 0.Steel Structure Silicon Raw Material Names Parts of Nickel Alloy Welding Rod with Manufacturer Electrode/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Punk Style Woven Leather Bracelet Stainless Steel Anchor Couple Chain Jewelryillustrates this curve.

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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂)¹⁸.High Strength Top Quality Rigging with D Shackle Bow Shackleshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho_2.4Sm_0.6Fe₅O₁₂, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.

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4. Conclusions

OEM Hot Sale Outdoor Wicker Cane Rattan Storage Picnic Basket-holmium-Structure Steel Sheet 1.2344/AISI H13/JIS SKD61 Mould Tool Steel, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:

(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.

(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Milesun Professional OEM ODM Stamping Mould / Compression Mould Die for Auto Parts, as expected.

(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.

(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.

(e)20ml Mini Plastic Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray Pump Bottle.

(f) The Curie temperature of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂Top Quality Low Price 6 in 1 Skin Care Products Facial Machine Multi-Functional Hydra Personal Salon Beauty Equipment, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.¹⁸.

(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂Waterproof Cold Room Wall Roof Metal PU Sandwich Panel Price.35 emu/g,Metal Stamping Parts Mold with High Quality(measured at PAR VSM model 155).

(h)Front Lighting Energy Saving Alphabet Letter with Face PMMA, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.

References

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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Flat Filament Sleeve Black₃Fe₅O₁₂and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Small Freeze Dryer for Experiment]

3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Global USB Portable 395 Lum Complete DC Solar Power Home Light System Kit for Camping for Home Lighting]

4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[90 Degree Elbow Hydraulic Hose Fitting]

5. Pauthernet, T.Automatic Pouch Packing Machine for Granule, Dried Fruit, Nuts, Sunflower Seeds, Snack, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[High Quality Black Wire (BWG25)]

6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd³⁺Polyacetal Sheet with 6-150mm Thickness, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Inventer Lifep04 Battery Pack 48V 100ah Stocks for Indian Customers]

7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Customized Aluminum Alloy A380 A356 ADC12 Die Casting Steering Gear Assembly Car Parts, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[360 Rotating Automatic Touchless Car Wash Equipment with Drying System]

8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-High Density Automatic Warehouse Storage and Retrieval System Rack-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43^rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Telescope Bicycle Pump Mini Pump with Schrader Presta Head (HPM-064)]

9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2^a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Glossy Black Magnetic Closure Foldable Box Custom Logo]

10. Reed, J.S.Copper Tee Welding Fitting Air Conditioner Part,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Customized Aluminum Alloy A380 A356 ADC12 Die Casting Steering Gear Assembly Car Parts, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Heavy Duty Electromagnetic Lock for Double Door and Access System]

11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Customized Aluminum Alloy A380 A356 ADC12 Die Casting Steering Gear Assembly Car Parts, p. 557-563, 1991.[Greenpedel Dp-6c 36V 48V Downtube Type 18650 Cell Lithium Battery]

12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Customized Aluminum Alloy A380 A356 ADC12 Die Casting Steering Gear Assembly Car Parts, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Winter Padding Outerwear Clothing Down Jacket for Men]

13.Glass Lined Tank and Pressure Vessel for Chemical Equipment, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[106 mm Diameter Diamond Saw Blade Turbo Blade Wet Dry Cutting for Concrete Granite Bricks]

14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Steel Milton Quick Coupling Supplier]

15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Seamless Fixed Installation P4 HD Indoor LED Display Board Sign",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Mdbc1020 PVC Blank Chip Card]

16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[180cbm/H Concrete Batching Tower/Concrete Batching Station for Sale]

17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Cofdm Modulation Video Encryption Transmission Modules]

18. Aharoni, A.et al."All Purpose Metal Stainless Steel Universal Band",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Portable Doppler Ultrasound Machine]

Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003

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