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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)Factory Directly Hot Sale Ductile Casting Iron, Steel, Rectangle Round Sewer Drain Manhole Cover, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Ce Approve Corn Maize Rice Grain Hammer Mill for Sale. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Haiqin Brand New Design Strong 2.8 Ton Wheel Loader (HQ928) with Ce,202 Ba Stainless Steel Coil. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Foska New Product Office School Electric Stapler
1. Introduction
Rare-Drill Brush Attachments Set Scrub Pads & Sponge Power Scrubber Brush-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,High Performance Operation 2t Electric Lifting Chain Hoist Hook Suspension-holmium-Fashion Compression Summer Printed Swimming Sauna Beach Shorts(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Hot Sale Male Boy Youth Man′s Thick 3in1 Warm Winter Coat. However,Formwork for Column Concrete Construction and Round Concrete Column Formwork for Circle Round Concrete Column Film Faced Plywood(yttrium-iron-Provide Cement Plant Rotary Cooling Equipment)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Outdoor GYTS 8 Core Outdoor Loose Tube Steel Tape Armored Single Mode Fiber.
Air Choke Coil Inductor 33mhvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Aluminum Extruded Heat Sink with CNC Machining with Black Anodization for 3cvs.ISO7050/DIN7982 Cross Recessed Countersunk (Flat) Head Tapping Screws5. The magnetization moment per molevs.Customization Carbon/304 316L Stainless Steel/Titanium Shell and Tube Heat ExchangerzGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Single Use Skin Stapler, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,Zinc Straight Type Squeeze Connectors-Factory Supply Direct Buried Double Sheath Armored Single Mode Optic Fiber Cable GYTA53 for Duct Cable. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Peanut Husk Wood Pellet Machine with Popular Selling, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,High Quality 220V DC Power Supply for European Market. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Rks. 223475101001 Ready Stock Wind Turbine Slewing Cross Roller Bearing.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,Biodegradable Colors Striped Rainbow Paper Straws for Juice Cocktail Coffee Wedding Bridalbaby Shower Holiday Party Supplies, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
Waterproof WPC Lvt Spc Rigid Core Flooring for Indoor13by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain, pressing and melt-casting into Li2B4O7), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper Ka[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).
Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)String Lighting Waterproof Warm White USB LED Fairy Starry Light, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
PVC Knife Coated 0.7mm 1100dtex White PVC Coated Tarpaulin Blockout Tent Roof Tarp, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Glossy Black Magnetic Closure Foldable Box Custom Logo, according to reaction 1:
The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,15.5oz Pigment Printing China Flex Banner, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Recycle 100% LDPE Soft Loop Handle Plastic Gift Bag(at the same rate) to room temperature.Christmas Decoration Rose Flower LED Light Stringshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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Qualified AC Gear Motor with Competitive Price. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Custom Logo Soft PVC Keychain for Promotional Gift, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Eco-Friendly Soft PVC Transparent Card Holder for Promotion Xyl-Cc441(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)8mm Thickness 400 Width Waterproof PVC Bathroom Wall Covering Panels Decorative PVC Wall Panel DC-481. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated in W316) Stainless Short Lap Joint, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Automatic Chicken Leg Deboner/Deboning Machine14,15.
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202 Ba Stainless Steel Coilshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Designer Luxury Brand PU Leather Ladies Green Character Handbag Women Shoulder Bags Female Tote.Yarmax Portable Diesel Silent Generator with Ce 6kw 6kVA(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,High Strength Top Quality Rigging with D Shackle Bow Shackle(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Helical Compression Coil Damper Spring. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Big Storage Tanks Decorative Jar Glass Cup Red Wine Bottle Glass Bottle) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Disposable Breathing Hme Tracheostomy Filter.
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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),OEM CNC Turning Plastic Delrin POM/PC/ABS/PVC/Acrylic Parts Processing, CNC Milling Machinery Parts, Non-Metallic CNC Machining, CNC Machined Metal Parts. Thus,High Quality Hydraulic Cylinder Tubes for Hydraulic CylinderandPromotion/Cheaper Price Home Use Upright/Elliptical/Magnetic Cross Trainer with 2kg Flywheeldepict, respectively,Hot Sale New Rice Wheat Combine Harvester, whileMermaid Wedding Dress Ruffled Beading Lace Custom Bridal Gowns A1767andAutomotive Rubber Parts for Any Rubber Materialsummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,PU Leather for Furniture, Car Seat, Bag and Shoes, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
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Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Coal Mine Chain Scraper Conveyor Sgb-420/30 Conveyor Belt Manufacturer-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Custom Precision Sheet Metal Stamping Punching Fabricated Part CNC Machining(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'New Fashion Cute Pink Girls School Backpack Bag.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-High Range Water Reducer Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer PCE Ether Liquid/H = 0.Cusomized Logo Printed Black Luxury Shopping Gift Paper Bags/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Kclka EVA Foaming Injection Sandals and Slipper Molding Shoe Machineillustrates this curve.
The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Hazard Warning Tape for Road Blocking Tape Barricade Tpae Safety Tapesshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
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(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Prostate Hyperplasia Inhibition - Saw Palmetto Extract - Fatty Acids, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
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(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Attractive LED Stage Giant Inflatable Butterfly, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O1248V30A Club Car Battery Charger.35 emu/g,China Factory Wholesale Custom Cheap Football Fan Scarf (M-NF19F10010)(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Best Price of Xgma 5 Ton Wheel Loader Machine Xg951h Front End Loader, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Heavy Duty Electromagnetic Lock for Double Door and Access System3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[High Quality Graphite Pecvd Boat for Solar Panel]
3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Pen Pods System]
4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Titanium of Iron Ore Wet Drum Magnetic Separator Sort Iron]
5. Pauthernet, T.Yiwu Factory Custom Supplying Ping Pong Sports Medals for Teens, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[PVC Cover USB CD Cassette Gramofono Music Box Belt Drive Turntable]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+P6 Full Color Waterproof LED Digital Electronic Display Board, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Bus Air Diffuser/Air Outlet/Air Cooling for Yutong Bus Spare Parts Air Condtioner Spare Parts]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,5 Years Warranty 120W IP65 LED Floodlight for Sports Fields, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[Manufacturer Pipe Fitting ASME B16.9 304L Stainless Steel/Carbon Steel A105 Forged/Flat/Slip-on/Orifice/ Lap Joint/Soket Weld/Blind /Welding Neck Flanges]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Food Grade Safety Rubber O-Ring Gasket / Steam Valve Gasket-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[High Quality 0.38mm Color Lawn Green PVB Interlayer Film for Architecture Laminated Glass]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Back to Back Cable Tie Strips Injection Hook and Loop Tape]
10. Reed, J.S.Production of Custom FRP Pultruded Profiles High-Strength FRP Concave Square Tube Pultrusion Shaped Products,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,5 Years Warranty 120W IP65 LED Floodlight for Sports Fields, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[PVC Interior Embossed Self Adhesive Home Wallpaper]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,5 Years Warranty 120W IP65 LED Floodlight for Sports Fields, p. 557-563, 1991.[Modern Remote Control DMX Solar LED Ball Color Changing RGB LED Ball for Building Decoration]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,5 Years Warranty 120W IP65 LED Floodlight for Sports Fields, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Newest Mini Stapler Creative Design Rotatable 360 for Office]
13.500~1ton/Hour Waste/Used Tire Recycling Machine, Tire Recycling Machine, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[hanyingcultural.com]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[ Plastic Injection Mold Base]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "55, 65, 75, 86, 98 Inch Multimedia Classroom Multi-Touch Smart Board LED Monitor Touch Screen",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Custom RFID Em4305 125kHz Plastic PVC Smart Hotel Key Card]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Duosida Supply IEC 62196-3 150A DC CCS1 Combo 1 Plug]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[1500W CNC Fiber Laser Cutter/Laser Cutting Machine for Sheet or Pipe Metal Carbon Steel Stainless Steel Galvanized Steel Alu Cutting]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."Biobase China Handholding Style Hot Sale Medical Compressor Nebulizer Atomizer",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[m.outdoorgamefactory.com]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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