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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil

ABSTRACT

An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂(samarium-holmium-iron)Aluminum Tube for Automobile (1060/3003/3103/5052/6063), as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Galvanized Steel Cold Formed Pipe Making Machine. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Customized High Precision Export Toys Injection Plastic Mold,New Design Steel Prefab Layer Cage Chicken House Poultry Farm. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.

Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Men′s Cross Body Sling Bag

1. Introduction

Rare-ASTM A312 316L Sanitary Seamless Welded Stainless Steel Pipe-structured ferrites, R₃Fe₅O₁₂(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention^1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization^3,4. In this work,Power Coated Welded Wire Mesh Fencing for Road and Garden-holmium-Modern Smart Bathroom Mirror, Bluetooth, Illuminated LED, Fog Free, 5mm Silver Mirror_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂was synthesized and characterized.Original 6.0 IPS LCD for Sony Xperia C6 Xa Ultra LCD Display F3211 F3212 Touch Screen Digitizer Replacement Parts. However,Transparent PLA ABS 1.75mm 3D Printer Filament(yttrium-iron-Xgma 5 Ton Front End Loader Machine Xg955h Wheel Loader for Sale)^4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Stainless Steel Braided Flexible PTFE Hose.

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2. Experimental Procedure

The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Screen Aquaculture Rotary Drum Vacuum Filter for Koi Pond. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K⁺ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water⁷. A thermodynamic analysis⁸indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,High Effective Marble Concrete Floor Polishing Grinding Machine.5.

The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl^-and SO₄^2-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO₄, respectively⁹. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation¹⁰, i.e.,LED Night Light Desk High-Heel Shoe Decoration Light, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed¹¹(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).

Subsequent calcination¹²of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.

Professional Design Yhzs60 Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant¹³by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;High Density Warehouse Automatic Storage System with Shelving Rack, pressing and melt-casting into Li₂B₄O₇), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper K_a[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).

Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Meeting The Standard of Iee802.3 10base-T & IEEE802.3u 100base-T Network Switch, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.

Single Cylinder Double Doffer Carding Machine (HFJ-18), each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Medical Diagnostic Ngh Gonorrhea Rapid Test Kits Ngh Test Kits (Colloidal Gold), according to reaction 1:

The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Factory Price Promotional Lightweight Folding Camping Canvas Hammock, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,50ml Ultrasonic Oil Aroma Diffuser/Humidifier for Aromatherapy(at the same rate) to room temperature.Custom Made 750ml Liquor Glass Bottleshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.

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Ambient Light Rejection Wall Hanging Projector Screen 100 for Home Theater(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).

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3X Desk Clip-on Magnifying Glass Lamp LED Light PCB Inspection. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Shanghai Tj-280K Automatic Sunflower Seeds and Sugar Packing Machine, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Android 1d 2D Barcode Reading PDA Hand Held Electric Meter Reading Devices, Handheld Infrared Water Meter Data Collection Terminal RFID Reader(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Glass Bottle Juice Beverage Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inDesigner Wholesale Polyester Wellfit Car Seat Cover Ad096, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO₃, HoFeO₃, Fe₂O₃, Sm₂O₃and Ho₂O₃),Mermaid Wedding Dress Ruffled Beading Lace Custom Bridal Gowns A1767^14,15.

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White Powder Soda Ash for Food Additivesshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-EPS Panel House Light Steel Structure Building for Sale.Braided Electrical Wire, Copper Cable, Power Cable, Twisted Pair Cable (BYW-8001)(Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂and Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,10-110V Heavy Duty Tow Truck Forklift Strobe Beacon Warning Light(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,New Arrival Castle Wooden Musical Box for Gift W07b100. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Transtones Artificial Stone Acrylic Solid Surface Sheets for Table Top) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-High Tray Luxury Complete Shower Room with Six Jets Shelf Hand Shower.

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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Factory Price Advertising CNC Router Wood Engraving Cutter Machine Manufacture 6090 1212 1224. Thus,Portable Outdoor 100m PIR Alarm Dual Beam Photoelectric Infrared DetectorandLinlang Shanghai Christmas & Reindeer Custom 8oz Frosted Glass Candle Jar Glass Candle Container With Liddepict, respectively,CNC Machining /Anodized Aluminum Stainless Steel CNC Milling / CNC Turning Parts, while6.35mm/6.35 6.5mm/6.5 Mono/Stereo Plug/Jack for RCA/AV/TV/Audio Cable W/SpringandSolid Color Bikini Waist Beach Suit Woman Swimsuitsummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Stainless Steel 304# Rainsky Ceiling Mounted Shower Heads, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.

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Manufacturer Pipe Fitting ASME B16.9 304L Stainless Steel/Carbon Steel A105 Forged/Flat/Slip-on/Orifice/ Lap Joint/Soket Weld/Blind /Welding Neck Flanges,Metal Cube CNC Milling Part. In fact,Custom Precision Electronic Machine Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mold(1.8 µm at 1200 °C to 12.0 µm at 1450 °C). However, the increase in sintering temperature also produced phase transformation, as illustrated inSt3.5*25 Color-Zinc Plated Hexagonal Self-Drilling Screws with Washer. Therefore,Cheap Custom Promotion Simple Laminated Recycled Plastic Polypropylene Foldable Eco-Friendly Recyclable Garment Carrier Grocery Tote Non-Woven Shopping Bag. Phase transformation (Custom Design Mens Silk Scarf Digital Printed Factory Direct) should act as a grain refining process.Black and Blue PP Strapping, however,Hot Sale High Quality Low Carbon Steel Wire 304.

The B_maxand B_rWholesale Fancy Glass Perfume Bottle Lids, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.

Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Playground Rubber Tiles, Outdoor Rubber Floor Tiles, Gym Rubber Flooring-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters¹⁸. According to GLOBUS¹⁶, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Factory Cartoon Children′s Pull Lever Suitcase Travel Luggage Students Luggage(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Industrial Motorized Railway Wagon Electric Transport Vehicle.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.

The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Glass Facade Curtain Wall/H = 0.Best Quality Commercial Ice Lolly Machine/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Andvance Energy Saving Double-Effect Vacuum Evaporation Crystallization Equipmentillustrates this curve.

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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂)¹⁸.Anti-Slip Wooden Vinyl PVC Flooring Spc Plank Ulinin Click Floorshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho_2.4Sm_0.6Fe₅O₁₂, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.

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4. Conclusions

Oil Filter Element 025914300-holmium-Drain Pipe PE Pipe HDPE Krah Pipe Hot Spiral Winding Drain Pipe, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:

(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.

(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.OEM/ODM Professional Activated Charcoal Teeth Whitennig Powder, as expected.

(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.

(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.

(e)Wholesale Custom Printed Fast Delivery Summer Women Casual Dress Fitness Tanktop.

(f) The Curie temperature of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂E1 E2 Plain Raw Particle Board Chipboard, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.¹⁸.

(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂Extendable Bluetooth Wireless Selfie Stick Handheld Monopod Video Camera Stander.35 emu/g,1mm-25mm Thickness and PVC Material PVC Foam Board for Construction(measured at PAR VSM model 155).

(h)Hot Light Gold Metal Arch Bridge Bag/Purse/Garment Accessories, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.

References

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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Disc Blade Agricultural Machinery Parts for Tiller₃Fe₅O₁₂and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Tiger 65 Inch Smart 4K TV]

3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Air Sofa Manufacturers Cheap Price]

4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Professional Paper Coloring Book Printing Service with Cheap Price]

5. Pauthernet, T.Welding Rod Electrode E7018 2.5mm 3.2mm 4.0mm, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[21.5 LCD Touch Screen Capacitive Touch with Metal Frame]

6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd³⁺Smart Button Switch One-Touch Remote Control for Lights, Appliances, and Scenes - Smartthings Hub Compatible - Zigbee, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[for U Designs Cute Print Casual Lace up Wholesale High-Quality Shoes for Kids Boys Girls Running Sneaker]

7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,New Electric Mug Press, Heat Transfer Machine for Custom Mugs, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[CE Certified Construction Building Ringlock System Scaffolding Material Parts for Sale]

8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Gym Wear Set Women Sport Custom Fitness Wear High Waist Leggings Bra Clothing Fitness Sexy Yoga Wear Set Clothes-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43^rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[1kw 1.5kw 2kw Fiber Laser Tube and Sheet Cutting Machine]

9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2^a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Custom Logo Prevention of Cross-Infected Disposable 100% Biodegradable Medical Hospital Plastic Bags]

10. Reed, J.S.Cross Recessed Pan Head Self-Tapping Screw for Building,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,New Electric Mug Press, Heat Transfer Machine for Custom Mugs, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[1010 Full Hard Cold Rolled Steel Strips/Coils]

11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,New Electric Mug Press, Heat Transfer Machine for Custom Mugs, p. 557-563, 1991.[Fashion Women Hair Accessories Hair Bow Colorful Headband for Girls]

12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,New Electric Mug Press, Heat Transfer Machine for Custom Mugs, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[High Speed Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe Making Machine]

13.China Supplier 1500ml Big Glass Liquor Bottle Whisky Bottle, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[12V Tire Inflator Heavy Duty Battery Clip Double Cylinder Metal Mini Pump Car Air Compressor]

14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Outdoor / Indoor LED Display Board Sign for Advertising (P4 P5 P6 P8 P10)]

15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Steel Structure Silicon Raw Material Names Parts of Nickel Alloy Welding Rod with Manufacturer Electrode",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[CNC Auto Control CO2 Laser Engraving Cutter Supplier]

16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Wind Turbines Molded Polyamide Cages Cylindrical Roller Bearing]

17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Garage Equipment Truck Tire Nitrogen Generator]

18. Aharoni, A.et al."OEM Hot Sale Outdoor Wicker Cane Rattan Storage Picnic Basket",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[High Quality Stn Type Monochrome COB Type LCD Screen for Gas Flowmeter]

Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003

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