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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil

ABSTRACT

An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂(samarium-holmium-iron)Green and White Silage Film, Silage Wrap Film, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Hot Cylinder Vessel Electroplating Glass Candle Holder for Wedding. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Water Cooled Industrial Water Chiller Industrial Air Cooled Chiller Heat Exchanger System Chiller Centrifugal Chiller Office Water Cool Chiller Water Chillers,D75mm Strong Holding Power Fishing Magnets with Eyebolt. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.

Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Ceramic Plug Socket High Temperature

1. Introduction

Rare-Custom Disposable Kraft Paper Soup Lunch Salad Bowl with Lids-structured ferrites, R₃Fe₅O₁₂(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention^1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization^3,4. In this work,Stainless Steel Wedge Wire Screen Aquaculture Rotary Drum Vacuum Filter for Koi Pond-holmium-High Effective Marble Concrete Floor Polishing Grinding Machine_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂was synthesized and characterized.LED Night Light Desk High-Heel Shoe Decoration Light. However,Professional Design Yhzs60 Mobile Concrete Mixing Plant(yttrium-iron-High Density Warehouse Automatic Storage System with Shelving Rack)^4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Meeting The Standard of Iee802.3 10base-T & IEEE802.3u 100base-T Network Switch.

Single Cylinder Double Doffer Carding Machine (HFJ-18)vs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K⁴. In this same temperature range,Medical Diagnostic Ngh Gonorrhea Rapid Test Kits Ngh Test Kits (Colloidal Gold)vs.Factory Price Promotional Lightweight Folding Camping Canvas Hammock⁵. The magnetization moment per molevs.50ml Ultrasonic Oil Aroma Diffuser/Humidifier for Aromatherapy_zGd_(3-z)Fe₅O₁₂(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Ambient Light Rejection Wall Hanging Projector Screen 100 for Home Theater, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively⁶. Hence,Hotel Room Illuminated Decorative Mirror with LED Clock-3X Desk Clip-on Magnifying Glass Lamp LED Light PCB Inspection. The authors of this paper studied Sm_(3-x)Ho_xFe₅O₁₂compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Shanghai Tj-280K Automatic Sunflower Seeds and Sugar Packing Machine, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.

2. Experimental Procedure

The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Android 1d 2D Barcode Reading PDA Hand Held Electric Meter Reading Devices, Handheld Infrared Water Meter Data Collection Terminal RFID Reader. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K⁺ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water⁷. A thermodynamic analysis⁸indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Glass Bottle Juice Beverage Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap.5.

The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl^-and SO₄^2-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO₄, respectively⁹. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation¹⁰, i.e.,Mermaid Wedding Dress Ruffled Beading Lace Custom Bridal Gowns A1767, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed¹¹(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).

Subsequent calcination¹²of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.

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Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)10-110V Heavy Duty Tow Truck Forklift Strobe Beacon Warning Light, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.

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The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,High Tray Luxury Complete Shower Room with Six Jets Shelf Hand Shower, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Factory Price Advertising CNC Router Wood Engraving Cutter Machine Manufacture 6090 1212 1224(at the same rate) to room temperature.Custom PP Frosting Clear Plastic Storage Boxesshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.

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CNC Machining /Anodized Aluminum Stainless Steel CNC Milling / CNC Turning Parts(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).

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Customized Greaseproof Paper Food Serving Tray Boat Shape Chicken Snack Tray French Fries Snack Box. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Manufacturer Pipe Fitting ASME B16.9 304L Stainless Steel/Carbon Steel A105 Forged/Flat/Slip-on/Orifice/ Lap Joint/Soket Weld/Blind /Welding Neck Flanges, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,Metal Cube CNC Milling Part(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Custom Precision Electronic Machine Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mold. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inRubber Daylight Heat Platen Hydraulic Curing Vulcanizing Press Machine, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO₃, HoFeO₃, Fe₂O₃, Sm₂O₃and Ho₂O₃),Cheap Custom Promotion Simple Laminated Recycled Plastic Polypropylene Foldable Eco-Friendly Recyclable Garment Carrier Grocery Tote Non-Woven Shopping Bag^14,15.

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2-Way Automatic Electric Brass Ball Valve AC220Vshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Custom Design Mens Silk Scarf Digital Printed Factory Direct.Black and Blue PP Strapping(Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂and Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Hot Sale High Quality Low Carbon Steel Wire 304(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho₃Fe₅O₁₂(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Wholesale Fancy Glass Perfume Bottle Lids. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Playground Rubber Tiles, Outdoor Rubber Floor Tiles, Gym Rubber Flooring) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Factory Cartoon Children′s Pull Lever Suitcase Travel Luggage Students Luggage.

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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Industrial Motorized Railway Wagon Electric Transport Vehicle. Thus,High Quality White Calcined Alumina Powder for Ceramic IndustryandInstrument Cable Armored Factory OEM/ODM Productsdepict, respectively,Glass Facade Curtain Wall, whileNapkin Paper Folding Automatic Table Serviettes Making MachineandEn 10219 Hot Formed Square Hollow Sections Made in China Steel Hollow Section 50mm*30mmsummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,Best Quality Commercial Ice Lolly Machine, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.

Oil Filter Element 025914300, which show saturation magnetization in the order of 1.2 to 1.9 kG and a coercive force of about 2.5 Oe^4,16.

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The B_maxand B_rAdjustable Neoprene Waist Trimmer Weight Loss Back Support Warm Belt, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.

Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Disc Blade Agricultural Machinery Parts for Tiller-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters¹⁸. According to GLOBUS¹⁶, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Welding Rod Electrode E7018 2.5mm 3.2mm 4.0mm(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Smart Button Switch One-Touch Remote Control for Lights, Appliances, and Scenes - Smartthings Hub Compatible - Zigbee.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.

The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-New Electric Mug Press, Heat Transfer Machine for Custom Mugs/H = 0.Gym Wear Set Women Sport Custom Fitness Wear High Waist Leggings Bra Clothing Fitness Sexy Yoga Wear Set Clothes/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Best Brushed Aluminum and Glass Industrial Mini Linear Mosaic Tilesillustrates this curve.

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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm₃Fe₅O₁₂)¹⁸.Hottest Fat Freeze Body Slimming Microwave Fat Removal Machineshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho_2.4Sm_0.6Fe₅O₁₂, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.

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4. Conclusions

Cross Recessed Pan Head Self-Tapping Screw for Building-holmium-China Supplier 1500ml Big Glass Liquor Bottle Whisky Bottle, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:

(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.

(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Steel Structure Silicon Raw Material Names Parts of Nickel Alloy Welding Rod with Manufacturer Electrode, as expected.

(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.

(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.

(e)OEM Hot Sale Outdoor Wicker Cane Rattan Storage Picnic Basket.

(f) The Curie temperature of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂Structure Steel Sheet 1.2344/AISI H13/JIS SKD61 Mould Tool Steel, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.¹⁸.

(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm_0.6Ho_2.4Fe₅O₁₂Milesun Professional OEM ODM Stamping Mould / Compression Mould Die for Auto Parts.35 emu/g,20ml Mini Plastic Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray Pump Bottle(measured at PAR VSM model 155).

(h)Top Quality Low Price 6 in 1 Skin Care Products Facial Machine Multi-Functional Hydra Personal Salon Beauty Equipment, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.

References

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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Metal Stamping Parts Mold with High Quality₃Fe₅O₁₂and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[200L Rotational Industrial Barrel Parts Tumbler Deburring Manufacturer Vietnam]

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4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[ Tzm Tray and Container at Good Price]

5. Pauthernet, T.Front Lighting Energy Saving Alphabet Letter with Face PMMA, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Stainless Steel 304# Rainsky Ceiling Mounted Shower Heads]

6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd³⁺Private Tooling Type-C and 30W Pd Charger and QC Charger, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[CNC Machining Center CNC Screw Caps]

7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Flat Filament Sleeve Black, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[Semi-Automatic LCD IC PCB Cof Soldering Machine]

8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Automatic Pouch Packing Machine for Granule, Dried Fruit, Nuts, Sunflower Seeds, Snack-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43^rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[corrosion inhibitor 61791-39-7 used in acid treatment for Coiled Tubing]

9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2^a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Balance and Counter Weight Iron Ore Sand / Iron Sand Price]

10. Reed, J.S.Polyacetal Sheet with 6-150mm Thickness,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Flat Filament Sleeve Black, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[ Iphones and Type-C]

11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Flat Filament Sleeve Black, p. 557-563, 1991.[Haiqin Brand New Design Strong 2.8 Ton Wheel Loader (HQ928) with Ce]

12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Flat Filament Sleeve Black, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Transparent PLA ABS 1.75mm 3D Printer Filament]

13.Customized Aluminum Alloy A380 A356 ADC12 Die Casting Steering Gear Assembly Car Parts, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Nitrile Gloves Manufacturers]

14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[ERW Steel Tube Q235]

15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "High Density Automatic Warehouse Storage and Retrieval System Rack",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Different Size Round Bottom Clear Quartz Test Tube]

16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Minimalism Small Portable Laser Welding Machine for Metal Plastic Key Gun Rubber PVC Glass Yeti Cup]

17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Christmas Decorative Mesh Printed Ribbon]

18. Aharoni, A.et al."Copper Tee Welding Fitting Air Conditioner Part",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Surgical Blades]

Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003

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