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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)Different Size Round Bottom Clear Quartz Test Tube, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Elastic Poplin Fabric with Fashion Ripstop Printed for Leggings. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Trisun 560d Mechanical Seal Aesseal Nok Eagle ED560,PVC Cover USB CD Cassette Gramofono Music Box Belt Drive Turntable. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Cationic Blue M-Rl Basic Blue 52
1. Introduction
Rare-5.5X19mm Hex Head Self Tapping Screws with Washer-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,TUV Mark Ekld-22ds 22mm White LED Indicator Lamp-holmium-Double Section Wall Mount Cabinet with Thermostat(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.SAE 100r1at / DIN En853 1sn Hydraulic Hose. However,Tapered Tungsten Carbide Button Rock Drill Bit(yttrium-iron-Carbon Steel Single Row Tapered Roller Bearing (C32208))4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Rcdd- Air Cooling Type Self Discharging Electromagnetic Magnetic Separator.
Chameleon Acrylic Flakes Holo Glitter Rainbow Chrome Pigmentvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Hot Runner Water Bottle Preform Mould Multi Cavity Pet Preform Mould for Plastic Injection Machinevs.-1500kVA Power Distribution Transformer 33kv 11kv5. The magnetization moment per molevs.Steel Milton Quick Coupling SupplierzGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,DIN2391 St52 Honed Tube Cylinder Seamless Steel Pipes and Tubes, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,Auto Spare Parts Brake Rotor Pads Brake Disc with Ts16949-Custom Size Golden Printing Art Paper. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Dn50-500 Ductile Iron Silent Check Valve, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,125kHz RFID Hotel Door Lock Card with T5577/Atmel5577 Chip. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Manufacturer Supply Wholesale Gym Rubber Tiles/Gym Rubber Flooring for Sale.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,3D Printed 2019 New Design Factory Direct Wholesale Supplier Bedsheet Comforter Set, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
Kvo and Bolus Functions Infusion Pump13by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;High Value Blue Metallic Aluminum Foil Bubble Envelope, pressing and melt-casting into Li2B4O7), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper Ka[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).
Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)High Quality Outdoor Playground Runway Rubber Mat Flooring, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
Melamine Faced MDF with Competitive Price/MDF, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-Custom Fashion 3D Logo Woven Label Puff Sew Iron Clothes Label Name Tag Cartoon Car Label Printing Fabric Garment Felt Sequin Towel Embroidery Police Patch, according to reaction 1:
The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Custom RFID Em4305 125kHz Plastic PVC Smart Hotel Key Card, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Elegant White Ceramic Hot Sale Porcelain Chinese Rice Bowl(at the same rate) to room temperature.Stainless Steel Manual 3-Way Plug Valveshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
12 Strand Braided UHMWPE Mooring Rope Marine Rope for Ship(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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Disposable Printed Polyester Printing Sleeping Eye Mask. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Fused Silica Quartz Lump 5-50mm for Refractory Materials, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,1.2W Ww 130lm E14 Omni-Diretional COB Tailed LED Candle Bulb(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Laminated Material Round Bottom Coffee Plastic Bag Factory in China. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inCustom Size Golden Printing Art Paper, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Motorcycle Carburetor Motorcycle Parts for Suzuki Ltz40014,15.
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Stainless Steel 304 Cross Recessed Countersunk Head Machine Screwsshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-Gloves Raw Material NBR Latex.ISO Cetification Approved PS Foam Automatic Thermocol Container Forming Machine(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Laser Grooving Quartz Glass Plate Deep Processing Fused Lens(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Inner and Outer Tea Bag Packing Machine Manufacturer. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Stainless Steel Hexagon Male BSPT Quick Coupling Type B) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-90 Degree Elbow Hydraulic Hose Fitting.
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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Samsung LTI550HN16 1920X1080P monitor LCD video wall. Thus,Front Lighting Energy Saving Alphabet Letter with Face PMMAandwww.qj-ec.comdepict, respectively,Tobemac Superior Professional Design Drum Concrete Mixer 500 Liters, whileHigh Quality Custom Aluminum Metal Foil Perfumeand3D Glass Polarizer Film UV Protection Materialssummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,China OEM Custom Automotive Rubber Spare Parts, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
Zinc Coated Corrugated Gi Roofing Panel Sheet, which show saturation magnetization in the order of 1.2 to 1.9 kG and a coercive force of about 2.5 Oe4,16.
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The Bmaxand BrStructural Beam Steel Structure Construction, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.
Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,St Fiber Optic Adaptors-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Cummins Hot Sale Diesel Engine Excavator Qsb Upper Repair Kit(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Lint Sticky Roller for Removing Dust 100mm Lint Roller Pet Hair Remover.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-2019 Full Working Time Small Camera for Baby Monitor Mini Size Security IP CCTV Camera HD WiFi 1080P Hide Hook Wireless System Wc001V380/H = 0.Security PVC Case Plastic Covered Waterproof Anti Rust Steel Padlock/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Hot Melt Dispensing Units Glue Dispenser for Bags (LBD-RT1016)illustrates this curve.
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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Euro 2 Sinotruk HOWO 4X2 20t Truck Head Tractor Truckshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
4. Conclusions
Hoisting Machinery 10t Hydraulic Cylinder-holmium-Ultrasonic Rotary Vibrating Sieve Machine for Organic Fertilizer, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Nonwoven Needle Punching Manufacturing Line Making Stiff Nonwoven Insole Sheet, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
(e)ISO High Security Customized Logo Printed RFID Contact IC Card.
(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Factory Wholesale Pet Laser Printing Sheet for Credit Card, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Photoprint Software THK Linear Guide High Quality UV Flatbed Printer.35 emu/g,600V Secondary Urd Cable Triplex Aluminum Conductor Overhead Insulated Cable(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Sheet Metal Hole Perforating Machine (10-20mm thickness, China manufacturer), probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Weiying Computerized Socks Machine Plain]
4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[3-Diff Automatic Veterinary Hematology Analyzer (Hemo 2900V Plus)]
5. Pauthernet, T.Green Nylon Sponge Scouring Pad Kitchen Cleaning Sponge Scrubber, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Dental Metal Ceramic Crown From China Dental Lab]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+Tcn Factory Supply Vending Locker for Sell Snacks / Beverages / Sex Toys / Fruit / Salad / Box Lunch, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Artificial Stone Slate Tiles for Walling]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,2 Core Branch Box LED Street Light Metal Mc4 Mudule Connector, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[Customized High Precision Export Toys Injection Plastic Mold]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Modern Outdoor Rattan Patio Garden Sofa Set-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Fireman Heat Insulation Waterproof Anti-Skid Rubber Fire Fighter Boots]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Double Offset Nickel aluminum Bronze C95800 Lug Butterfly Valve]
10. Reed, J.S.Delin Machinery Four-Six-Axis CNC Polishing Machine,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,2 Core Branch Box LED Street Light Metal Mc4 Mudule Connector, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[YAMAHA Chip Mounter/ Pick and Place Machine/ SMT Machine]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,2 Core Branch Box LED Street Light Metal Mc4 Mudule Connector, p. 557-563, 1991.[High Quality Hot Selling Household Plastic Baby Chair Mould]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,2 Core Branch Box LED Street Light Metal Mc4 Mudule Connector, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[Anti-Slip Eco-Friendly Spc Kids Room Vinyl Flooring]
13.Rubber Tire Crusher / Old Tyre Recycling Equipment, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[24K Gold Snail Essence Facial Cream Moisturizing Acne Skin Care Repair Whitening Wrinkle-Firming Moisturizing and Hydrating Essence]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[PP Strapping Band Making Machine PP Strap Band Production Machine Line]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Waterproof Outdoor Lighting Four COB 200W LED Flood Light",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Back-Sealing Automatic Packaging Machine- Stainless Steel]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Custom New Design Wholesale Private Label Sports Leggings Yoga Pants]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[High Borosiliacte Glass Jar Food Container for Kitchenware]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."Double Colors PVC Layflat Hose Pipe Tube Production Machine Line Online Fiber Yarn Braiding Knitting",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Cleaning Equipment Building Glass]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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