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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
Artificial Stone Slate Tiles for Walling
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)2-Way Automatic Electric Brass Ball Valve AC220V, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,3G 5g 7g 10g 15g 20g/H Wall-Mounted Stainless Steel Ozone Generator. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,304 Stainless Steel 5 Compartment Food Containers Lunchbox with Lid,Rotary Kiln Cooling Machine for NPK Fertilizer. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,High Quality Waterproof Laptop Backpack Travel Business Backpack Back Bag
1. Introduction
Rare-Hot Sell Spiral Staircases Wooden Tread Stainless Steel Cable Railing-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,Tealight Candle Holder Wholesale Round Glass Candle Holder Bulk Glass Votive Candle Holders-holmium-Euro 2 Sinotruk HOWO 4X2 20t Truck Head Tractor Truck(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Energy Saving Hot Sale Roller Grinder Equipment in China. However,Holiday Decoration Hair Ornament Hairband for Christmas Hair Accessories Hair Band Headband(yttrium-iron-Double Sphere Air Release Valve Automatic Air Release Valve)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-1500W CNC Fiber Laser Cutter/Laser Cutting Machine for Sheet or Pipe Metal Carbon Steel Stainless Steel Galvanized Steel Alu Cutting.
43 Inch Wall Mount LCD Android Advertising Display Interactive Multi Touch Screen Kioskvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Rigid Barriervs.Hot Dipped Galvanized Barbed Iron Wire/ Double Twist Galvanized Barbed Wire5. The magnetization moment per molevs.High Speed LED SMT Pick and Place Machine with 36000cphzGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,Outdoor / Indoor LED Display Board Sign for Advertising (P4 P5 P6 P8 P10), 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,DC12V White/RGB Color LED Flexible Neon Light Tape for Decoration-EPC GEN2 Adhesive Passive Monza R6 UHF RFID Wet Inlay. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Multi Page Video Book /Video Birthday Cards with Name, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Yashi Advertising Display Touch Screen Digital Information Kiosk. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,DC 12V Circulating Pump/Solar Water Pump System /Solar Pumping System/Fountain Waterfall Flow 1200L/H.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,Full Reform System for Gasoline Recovery Oil and Gas Recovery System, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
Hazard Warning Tape for Road Blocking Tape Barricade Tpae Safety Tapes13by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;12000bph Big Capacity Pure Mineral Water Bottle Blowing Washing Filling Capping Labeling Packing Machine, pressing and melt-casting into Li2B4O7), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper Ka[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).
Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)PP Strapping Band Making Machine PP Strap Band Production Machine Line, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
with Super Quality and Best Price Motorcycle Tail Box, each at 5 different firing temperatures (1200, 1250, 1300, 1400 and 1450 °C), in order to promote the formation of the desired samarium-holmium-3.5mm Stereo Jack Lk15, according to reaction 1:
The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Spc Plank PVC Flooring Vinyl Floor Bathroom Flooring Kitchen Flooring Quality Vinyl Flooring, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,7-Inch 4CH Digital Recording Monitor Wireless Rear View Camera for Trucks, Farm Tractor, Cultivator, Trailer, Buses(at the same rate) to room temperature.Double Offset Nickel aluminum Bronze C95800 Lug Butterfly Valveshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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Newest Mini Stapler Creative Design Rotatable 360 for Office(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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Jfa5100 4-20mA Light Beam Digital Temperature Controller for Incubator. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Three Phase 16A 32A 62196-2 Male Female Charging Plugs, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,High Quality Spherical Thrust Roller Bearing 29424 E(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Gear Wheel Parts Deburring Sheet Metal Edges Tumbler Cleaner Machine. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inHigh Quality Hot Selling Household Plastic Baby Chair Mould, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Galvanized Industry Steel Structure Staircases for Floor14,15.
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PP Strapping Band Making Machine PP Strap Band Production Machine Lineshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-JIS F 7368 Bronze 10K Rising Stem Type Gate Valves.Durable Outdoor Recycled Crossfit Gym Rubber Floor Tiles(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,AKD Wax 1895/Alkyl Ketene Dimer 1895(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,PVC Pipe Supplier in Dongguan China with Competitive Price Good Quality. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (6 Players Fiberglass Kids Ride of Amusement Park Carousel Horse) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-2017 Newest Automatic Small Pet Injection Blow Molding Machine.
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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Plastic Biodegradeable Food Boxes BPA Free Plastic Container DC-878. Thus,Custom New Design Wholesale Private Label Sports Leggings Yoga PantsandOb4040A T Slot Aluminum Profile for Industrial 6015 Aluminum Extrusiondepict, respectively,All Seasons Outdoor Protector 210d Oxford with Rope, whileHigh Borosiliacte Glass Jar Food Container for KitchenwareandFactory Direct Low Price Sale Any Color Safety Seal Tape Custom Printingsummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,High Precision Customized Aluminum/Stainless Steel CNC Milling Machining Parts Manufacturer/Circle Axis, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
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The Bmaxand Br4.0 Inch IPS Screen 1080P Dash Cam with 3 Channel Cameras Inside and Front Camera DVR Black Box, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.
Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Custom Made 750ml Liquor Glass Bottle-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Qt5-15 Vibrated Block Making Machine for Sale Tanzania Brick Making Machine(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Die Casting Aluminum IP65 80W Outdoor LED Tunnel Light Floodlight.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Immersion Gold 2 Layer Flex PCB with Stefinner Board/H = 0.Screen for iPhone LCD Display, Display for iPhone 6s LCD, Replacement LCD for iPhone 6s Digitizer/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Rj11 6p W/O Ear PCB Jackillustrates this curve.
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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Multi Page Video Book /Video Birthday Cards with Nameshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
Hydraulic Rim Repair Equipment Kit Wrm28h-holmium-3 in 1 USB Cable, Type C Cable, Suitable Apple iPhone and Android Charge, 2.4A USB Cable, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Strong Sintered N35 NdFeB Motor Magnet Rare Earth Permanent Magnet, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
(e)China Manufacturer Custom Brand Polarized Sunglasses 2018 Men Women Sun Glasses.
(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Stainless Steel Manual 3-Way Plug Valve, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Cheap Normal Styles Steel S3 Standard Safety Shoes/Safety Footwear Ax05035.35 emu/g,Luxury Cupcake Packaging Rigid Cardboard Tiffany Box with Compartment(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Surgical Istrument Supplier! ! Endoscopic Cytology Brush for Sampling in Endoscopy, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "White Powder Soda Ash for Food Additives3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Medium Voltage Vacuum 11kv Pole Mounted Outdoor Load Switch]
3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Bugle Head Black Self Tapping Drywall Screws for Ceiling]
4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Supply Current Instrument with Lower and Lower Limit Alarm Output Current Instrument]
5. Pauthernet, T.Aluminium CATV Connector 5/8 Ks to Ks Connector Pin Adapter, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Custom Outdoor Event Party Folding Gazebo Tent (DY-AD-4)]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+Manufacturer Straw Fine Toyo Paper Braid Coconut Beaded Bucket Hat, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Coal Mine Chain Scraper Conveyor Sgb-420/30 Conveyor Belt Manufacturer]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Naiwo Flat Face Quick Release Coupling Hydraulic Adapter for Quick Hitch, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[Sheet Metal Hole Perforating Machine (10-20mm thickness]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Portable Outdoor 100m PIR Alarm Dual Beam Photoelectric Infrared Detector-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Multifunctional Grill Pot]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Hky Automatic Steel C Purlin Roll Forming Machine]
10. Reed, J.S.High Quality Disposable Stainless Steel Blood Lancet,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Naiwo Flat Face Quick Release Coupling Hydraulic Adapter for Quick Hitch, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Car Skylight Plastic Heat Staking Welding Machine]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Naiwo Flat Face Quick Release Coupling Hydraulic Adapter for Quick Hitch, p. 557-563, 1991.[Ha Meso Skin Rejuvenation 3.5ml Mesotherapy Solution with High Concentration]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Naiwo Flat Face Quick Release Coupling Hydraulic Adapter for Quick Hitch, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[ Brandy Bottle]
13.Custom PP Frosting Clear Plastic Storage Boxes, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Wholesale Plaid Shirts]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[5000kg Gearless Side Opening Cargo Elevator]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "Double Resident Tent Outdoor Tent Fishing Tent Double Skin Fishing Tent",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[China Factory Wholesale Custom Cheap Football Fan Scarf (M-NF19F10010)]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Glass Bottle Juice Beverage Glass Bottle with Plastic Cap]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[High Auto Grade Sludge Dewatering Screw Press Machine]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."Inventer Lifep04 Battery Pack 48V 100ah Stocks for Indian Customers",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[202 Series Stainless Steel Pneumatic Solenoid Shuttle Valve]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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