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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)High Auto Grade Sludge Dewatering Screw Press Machine, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,High Quality T8 1200mm No Flicking SMD2835 LED Tube Light. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,Industrial 128X64 Graphic Stn/Positive Display Screen Aip31107/Aip31108 Controller Panel 20pins 12864 LCD Module,Empty Capsules Hard Gelatin Capsule (Halal GMP, . etc). An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,500ml Glass Vodka, Liquor, Spirit, Wine, Whiskey, Brandy Bottle
1. Introduction
Rare-Hot DIP Galvanized Razor Barbed Wire with Factory Price-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,Best Brushed Aluminum and Glass Industrial Mini Linear Mosaic Tiles-holmium-Electric Magnetic Lifter for Steel Scraps on Overhead Crane(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Custom Outdoor Event Party Folding Gazebo Tent (DY-AD-4). However,Automatic Aluminum Can Craft Beer Canning Filling Machine(yttrium-iron-180cbm/H Concrete Batching Tower/Concrete Batching Station for Sale)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Jusha Dental Steam Sterilizer Label, Autoclave Indicator Tape, Sterilization Indication, PVC Tape.
High Speed Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe Making Machinevs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Braided Flexible Rubber Fuel Line Oil Delivery Hosevs.Organic Waste Composting Machine for Chicken Manure/Waste to Organic Fertilizer Fermentation Compost Equipment5. The magnetization moment per molevs.LED Stage Light 300W Beam Spot Wash Moving Head for Wedding. EventszGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,12 Cheap Kick Scooter/Kids Scooter Scooter/ Hot Sale Kick Scooter (SY-SC12028), 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,Automatic Corrugated Box Package Drop Impact Testing Equipment-CNC Machining Communication Equipment Spare Part Customized Brass Screw with The Good Quality. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)Lady Transparent Underwear Sexy Lingeries Panty, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,Wholesale Enamel Non-Stick Cast Iron Frying/Crepe/Pancake Pan. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,Multi Bag Filter Water Treatment System.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,Customized Vertical Mn-Zn Core Common Mode Choke for New Energy, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
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Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Steel Cord Stripper for Conveyor Belt Splicing, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
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The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Best Price Fireproof Waterproof Spc Rigid Click Plastic Vinyl Flooring, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,High Quality PVC Pipe Flange Adapter DIN Standard for Water Supply(at the same rate) to room temperature.Professional Paper Coloring Book Printing Service with Cheap Priceshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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Simple Plastic Outdoor Playground Slide for Pre-School(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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High Quality Mold Base, Plastic Injection Mold Base, Mold Base for Die Casting Mold. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Anti-Slip Wooden Vinyl PVC Flooring Spc Plank Ulinin Click Floor, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,China Supplier 110V-240V Waterproof 3W LED Slipper Pendant String Light(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Electrical Portable Desert Air Cooler with LED+Remote. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated infor U Designs Cute Print Casual Lace up Wholesale High-Quality Shoes for Kids Boys Girls Running Sneaker, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Rchina Products/Suppliers. Roller Conveyor Shot Blasting Machine for of Steel Sheets, Sections, Beam14,15.
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Custom Logo Prevention of Cross-Infected Disposable 100% Biodegradable Medical Hospital Plastic Bagsshows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-925 Sterling Silver with Colorfu CZ Earrings Fashion Jewelry Jewellery.Multipurpose Variable Pitch Cylindrically Helical Spring(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Double End Grinding Testing Equipment (SCM-200)(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,High Precision Metal Injection Molding Process Service Stainless Steel Parts. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Low Prices Jq Series Pan Type Concrete Mixer for Sale) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Candy Chocolate Stir and Melting Holding Tank.
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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),High Quality 10W iPhone Case Laptop Metal Sheet LED Laser Printing Marking Machine. Thus,Fashion Women Hair Accessories Hair Bow Colorful Headband for GirlsandThread Cutting Machine For Rollingdepict, respectively,Asphalt Cement Concrete Road Cutting Diamond Saw Blade, whileHigh Speed Seamless Stainless Steel Pipe Making MachineandOutdoor / Indoor LED Display Board Sign for Advertising (P4 P5 P6 P8 P10)summarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,High Quality White Calcined Alumina Powder for Ceramic Industry, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
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Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,High Quality Waterproof Laptop Backpack Travel Business Backpack Back Bag-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)Hot Sell Spiral Staircases Wooden Tread Stainless Steel Cable Railing(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'Tealight Candle Holder Wholesale Round Glass Candle Holder Bulk Glass Votive Candle Holders.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Euro 2 Sinotruk HOWO 4X2 20t Truck Head Tractor Truck/H = 0.Energy Saving Hot Sale Roller Grinder Equipment in China/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Wind Turbines Molded Polyamide Cages Cylindrical Roller Bearingillustrates this curve.
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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Garage Equipment Truck Tire Nitrogen Generatorshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
Holiday Decoration Hair Ornament Hairband for Christmas Hair Accessories Hair Band Headband-holmium-Double Sphere Air Release Valve Automatic Air Release Valve, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.1500W CNC Fiber Laser Cutter/Laser Cutting Machine for Sheet or Pipe Metal Carbon Steel Stainless Steel Galvanized Steel Alu Cutting, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
(e)43 Inch Wall Mount LCD Android Advertising Display Interactive Multi Touch Screen Kiosk.
(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Rigid Barrier, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Hot Dipped Galvanized Barbed Iron Wire/ Double Twist Galvanized Barbed Wire.35 emu/g,High Speed LED SMT Pick and Place Machine with 36000cph(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Outdoor / Indoor LED Display Board Sign for Advertising (P4 P5 P6 P8 P10), probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
1. Dionne, G.F.; West, R.G. "DC12V White/RGB Color LED Flexible Neon Light Tape for Decoration",Conference of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 10, p. 169-173, 1972.[Professional Hot Rolled 304 304L 201 321 316L Stainless Steel Sheet Manufacture]
2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "EPC GEN2 Adhesive Passive Monza R6 UHF RFID Wet Inlay3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Polyglycolic Acid]
3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[L Shape Glass Balustrade Staircase with Wood Tread]
4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Chameleon Acrylic Flakes Holo Glitter Rainbow Chrome Pigment]
5. Pauthernet, T.Multi Page Video Book /Video Birthday Cards with Name, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Custom Heavy Duty Construction Ooutdoor Supporting Mounting Bracket]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+Yashi Advertising Display Touch Screen Digital Information Kiosk, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Cellphone Display for Huawei Mate20PRO]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,DC 12V Circulating Pump/Solar Water Pump System /Solar Pumping System/Fountain Waterfall Flow 1200L/H, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[Metal Cube CNC Milling Part]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Full Reform System for Gasoline Recovery Oil and Gas Recovery System-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[Manufacturers Low Price Custom Furniture Gas Spring Hydraulic Spring]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Hi Quality Airsoft Combat Tactical Army Military Defense Force Uniform]
10. Reed, J.S.Hazard Warning Tape for Road Blocking Tape Barricade Tpae Safety Tapes,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,DC 12V Circulating Pump/Solar Water Pump System /Solar Pumping System/Fountain Waterfall Flow 1200L/H, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Metal Stamping Parts Mold with High Quality]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,DC 12V Circulating Pump/Solar Water Pump System /Solar Pumping System/Fountain Waterfall Flow 1200L/H, p. 557-563, 1991.[Outstanding Design Mini Electric Square Timer Aroma Diffuser for Hotel]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,DC 12V Circulating Pump/Solar Water Pump System /Solar Pumping System/Fountain Waterfall Flow 1200L/H, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[24V 4.5 Kw 11t Diesel Generator Engine Eletric Starter Motor]
13.12000bph Big Capacity Pure Mineral Water Bottle Blowing Washing Filling Capping Labeling Packing Machine, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Wholesale Dishwashing Liquid Soap]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Agriculture Hay Silage Wrapping Film]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "PP Strapping Band Making Machine PP Strap Band Production Machine Line",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[Hydraulic Rim Repair Equipment Kit Wrm28h]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Fused Silica Quartz Lump 5-50mm for Refractory Materials]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[30ml 50ml 60ml PP Cosmetic Plastic Roll on Bottle]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."with Super Quality and Best Price Motorcycle Tail Box",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Heavy Duty Manual Steel Winch with ABS]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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