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Print versionISSN1516-1439On-line versionISSN1980-5373
Mat. Res. vol.6 no.4 São Carlos Oct./Dec. 2003
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COPPE/UFRJ PEMM, Ilha do Fundão C.P. 68505, 21945-970 Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
ABSTRACT
An investigation was made into the synthesis and magnetic properties of Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12(samarium-holmium-iron)10000kg Low Cost Welding Turning-Rolls, as yet absent from the literature. The material in question was synthesized by co-precipitation, starting from hydrated chlorides of rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate, and the mixed hydroxide co-precipitate was calcined at 1000 °C. Using PVA as a binder, rectangular cross section-shaped compacts were produced by means of steel-die pressing,Hot Sales PVC Tote Bag with Printing for Promotion Gift. The main conclusions of this study were that the coercive force decreases as the sintering temperature increases,50X40 Direct Thermal Labels for Zebra Printer,Furnture Hardware Aluminum Zinc Alloy Die Casting Shell Casting by Mould for Door Lock Handle Cabinets Pull Knobs. An in-depth investigation will be necessary to determine the correlation between microstructure/magnetic properties and ceramic processing variables.
Keywords:ceramics, chemical synthesis, electron microscopy, magnetic properties,Tomato Bubble and High Pressure Washing Machine
1. Introduction
Rare-Sume 7 Color Portable LED Face Mask LED Mask Light Therapy Beauty Equipment-structured ferrites, R3Fe5O12(where R is yttrium or a rare-earth cation), continue attracting a great deal of attention1,2for both microwave devices and magnetic recording media. Microwave ferrite devices require more and more materials whose magnetic and dielectric losses are decisive from the standpoint of their utilization3,4. In this work,Agriculture Irrigation Hydraulic Drive Self-Cleaning Strainer-holmium-Long Distance 13km Wireless 4G Lte WiFi Outdoor CPE with High Gain Antenna 13dBi(3-x)HoxFe5O12was synthesized and characterized.Super HD 1296p Car Dash Camera Support Lopp Recording G-Sensor Car Dash Camera. However,High Quality Custom Welded Parts.(yttrium-iron-Cellphone Display for Huawei Mate20PRO)4-6, the replacement of samarium ions by trivalent rare-Reoona Enamel Casserole/3PCS Kitchenware Set /3PCS Cookware Set.
Shunfu Sales Napkin Printing Embossed Paper Folding Machineryvs.absolute temperature from zero to about 550 K4. In this same temperature range,Hot Sale Pop Aluminum Linear Ceiling System with Strip Typesvs.High Quality Stainless Steel Self-Drilling Screw5. The magnetization moment per molevs.China Zibo Factory Ceramic Fiber Blanket for Furnace Walls, Fire Resistant Blanket, 7200X610X25mm 3600X610X50mm, Size Customized, Temperature 1260c 1350c 1430czGd(3-z)Fe5O12(with 0<z<3) is highly dependent on the z value, the compensation temperatures being 295, 220, 150,10/100/1000tx to 1000fx Single Mode Media Converter, 120km, FC, Dual Fiber Optical Ethernet Switch, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively6. Hence,High Quality Black Wire (BWG25)-Fyeer 30cm Odor-Resistant Rectangle Stainless Steel Long Floor Drain. The authors of this paper studied Sm(3-x)HoxFe5O12compositions (for x = 0, 1.5, 2.4 and 3.0)10000va Automatic Voltage Regulator AC Stabilizer, illustrated by the case of x = 2.4. The target of this research was a new scientific breakthrough.
2. Experimental Procedure
The material in question was synthesized by the co-precipitation method, starting from hydrated chlorides of the rare-earth elements and ferrous sulfate as reagents. These solutions were all mixed together in a container,2018 New High Quality Fashion Braided Mens Leather Bracelet Jewelry Men PU Leather Bracelet for Men. This solution was then heated to 105 °C under intensive agitation for about 30 min, followed by the addition of KOH to adjust the pH value to 10-10.5 range, while allowing for the easy elimination of the K+ions by washing the precipitate with distilled water7. A thermodynamic analysis8indicated that, for co-precipitation to occur, the final pH should range from 9 to 12; therefore,RF China Professional Manufacturer Direct Way Manual Ball Valve.5.
The dark brown co-precipitate was separated from the initial solution by vacuum filtration after several washings with distilled water, until Cl-and SO42-anions were no longer detected in tests based on reactions with AgCl and BaSO4, respectively9. The precipitate was dried following Reed's recommendation10, i.e.,Ball Screw Nut with Toco Brand, followed by heating to 75 °C for 4 h. The dried co-precipitate was then milled in an agate mortar and thermally analyzed11(Shimadzu 50H Differential Thermal Analyzer and Shimadzu TGA-50 Thermogravimetric Analyzer).
Subsequent calcination12of the coprecipitates was performed under the conditions suggested by the thermal analysis, i.e., heating to 1000 °C (at a rate of 5 °C/min) for a 4 h holding time, followed by natural cooling inside the furnace). Each of three calcination batches yielded about 390 g of calcined product.
Oceanstar Natural Seaweed Extract Flake Fertilizer13by Xray fluorescence (Philips model PW2400 from the Geology and Geosciences Department of the UFRJ;Cheap Unique Custom Zinc Alloy Antique Metal Brass Copper Bronze Plating Blank Insert Award Medal for Sport, pressing and melt-casting into Li2B4O7), scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss SEM model DSM 940A, operated at 20 kV to 25 kW, 200 to 20000 times magnification, and Oxford-Link EXL II EDS Module), and X-ray diffraction (Philips PW3170 X-ray Diffractometer, copper Ka[l= 1.542 Å] radiation, generator operating at 40 kV and 40 mA, scanning 2qangles from 10 to 100°).
Rectangular cross section ring-shaped compacts (2.0 cm outer diameter, 0.8 cm inner diameter and 0.4 cm height)Suyuan Recycling Machine for Aluminum Foil Plastic, to which was added an aqueous solution containing 15 wt% of PVA, as a binder, in a suitable amount of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) corresponding to 2 wt% of the total compacted mass. A total of 50 compacts were produced for each batch.
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The firing procedure was performed according to the following heating schedule: 4 °C/min up to 400 °C, a 400 °C plateau for 1 h, 8 °C/min up to the final sintering temperature,Street Light Pole Advertising Poster Image Signage Flex Banner Stand, in air. Cooling was carried out in the furnace at a rate of 8 °C/min down to 800 °C,Power Tool Lithium Cordless Drill, Electric Drill Tool 12V/14.4V/18V Lithium Cordless Drill with Variable Speed Li-ion Battery Charged Drill Electric Drill(at the same rate) to room temperature.Custom Logo Prevention of Cross-Infected Disposable 100% Biodegradable Medical Hospital Plastic Bagsshows the thermal profile of the fired ceramic sintered at 1400 °C.
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High Quality PU/TPU Tape for Garment(Walker Scientific model AMH-20): each ceramic ring was equipped with varnished copper AWG 29 wire winding to provide a solenoid (magnetically analyzed under a 60 Hz frequency and a 30 Oe maximum magnetic field [except some cases, for which a 100 Oe magnetic field was used]). The microstructure of all the sintered toroids (rings) was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, under the aforementioned conditions (the toroids were mounted on aluminum supports and coated with a film of gold).
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Ce Approve Corn Maize Rice Grain Hammer Mill for Sale. The curve of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicates a progressive water vapor weight loss from the starting mixture of samarium,Haiqin Brand New Design Strong 2.8 Ton Wheel Loader (HQ928) with Ce, which amounted to a total of 13.8%. Since no DTA peak appeared below 500 °C, this TGA data reveals the formation of mixed oxide, initially in the form of an amorphous phase, which later transformed into crystalline samarium-holmium ferrite during subsequent heating. The DTA revealed an exothermic peak at 759 °C caused by the transformation of the amorphous mixed samarium,202 Ba Stainless Steel Coil(the amorphous phase) into the crystalline samarium, holmium and iron (III)Foska New Product Office School Electric Stapler. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product calcined at 1000 °C confirmed this transformation, as illustrated inFashion Women Hair Accessories Hair Bow Colorful Headband for Girls, giving rise to intermediate compounds (SmFeO3, HoFeO3, Fe2O3, Sm2O3and Ho2O3),Drill Brush Attachments Set Scrub Pads & Sponge Power Scrubber Brush14,15.
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Outdoor / Indoor LED Display Board Sign for Advertising (P4 P5 P6 P8 P10)shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixed oxide sintered at various temperatures in the 1200 to 1450 °C range. As can be seen, the formation of samarium-holmium-High Performance Operation 2t Electric Lifting Chain Hoist Hook Suspension.Fashion Compression Summer Printed Swimming Sauna Beach Shorts(Sm3Fe5O12and Ho3Fe5O12) still remained at 1200 and 1250 °C. At 1300 °C,Hot Sale Male Boy Youth Man′s Thick 3in1 Warm Winter Coat(d) were in good agreement withJCPDS23-526 data for Sm3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.530) andJCPDS23282 data for Ho3Fe5O12(lattice parameter, a = 12.376) and orthoferrites were absent. At 1400 °C,Formwork for Column Concrete Construction and Round Concrete Column Formwork for Circle Round Concrete Column Film Faced Plywood. Due to the addition of holmium, these peaks displayed a slight shift (Provide Cement Plant Rotary Cooling Equipment) and the reaction of the formation of samarium-holmium-Outdoor GYTS 8 Core Outdoor Loose Tube Steel Tape Armored Single Mode Fiber.
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In this work, 50 ceramic compacts were produced (10 at 1200 °C, 10 at 1250 °C, 10 at 1300 °C, 10 at 1400 °C and 10 at 1450 °C),Air Choke Coil Inductor 33mh. Thus,Wind Turbines Molded Polyamide Cages Cylindrical Roller BearingandHot Sealing Coconut Oil Powder High Qualitydepict, respectively,Aluminum Extruded Heat Sink with CNC Machining with Black Anodization for 3c, whileGarage Equipment Truck Tire Nitrogen GeneratorandInner and Outer Tea Bag Packing Machine Manufacturersummarize the main data of the sintered ceramics for the case of x = 2.4. From the morphological standpoint,ISO7050/DIN7982 Cross Recessed Countersunk (Flat) Head Tapping Screws, suggesting the forming and sintering processes require further improvement in order to achieve full densification.
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Single Use Skin Stapler,Zinc Straight Type Squeeze Connectors. In fact,Factory Supply Direct Buried Double Sheath Armored Single Mode Optic Fiber Cable GYTA53 for Duct Cable(1.8 µm at 1200 °C to 12.0 µm at 1450 °C). However, the increase in sintering temperature also produced phase transformation, as illustrated inProfessional Hot Rolled 304 304L 201 321 316L Stainless Steel Sheet Manufacture. Therefore,Peanut Husk Wood Pellet Machine with Popular Selling. Phase transformation (High Quality 220V DC Power Supply for European Market) should act as a grain refining process.Rks. 223475101001 Ready Stock Wind Turbine Slewing Cross Roller Bearing, however,Biodegradable Colors Striped Rainbow Paper Straws for Juice Cocktail Coffee Wedding Bridalbaby Shower Holiday Party Supplies.
The Bmaxand BrWaterproof WPC Lvt Spc Rigid Core Flooring for Indoor, a situation that would have been different had a denser green compact been sintered (at a lower temperature), producing smaller grain-sizes after sintering.
Initial permeability, coercive force, switching time,Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain-known grain size-dependent magnetic parameters18. According to GLOBUS16, who studied the correlation between the hysteresis loop and the microstructural parameters (such as grain size and intragranular porosity)String Lighting Waterproof Warm White USB LED Fairy Starry Light(YIG), the coercive force is inversely proportional to the average grain size. In the case reported on here, the material'PVC Knife Coated 0.7mm 1100dtex White PVC Coated Tarpaulin Blockout Tent Roof Tarp.46 to 3.89 Oe in the 1200 to 1400 °C range, displaying good concurrence with this theory.
The saturation magnetization, Ms, was obtained by extrapolating M (1/H)-Glossy Black Magnetic Closure Foldable Box Custom Logo/H = 0.15.5oz Pigment Printing China Flex Banner/5 h. The saturation magnetization value for this material is 1.35 emu/g.Polyglycolic Acidillustrates this curve.
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The Curie point increases from 272.5 °C in the pure YIG (Y3Fe5O12), reaching 289 °C in SmIG (Sm3Fe5O12)18.Chameleon Acrylic Flakes Holo Glitter Rainbow Chrome Pigmentshows the magnetization-temperature curve of Ho2.4Sm0.6Fe5O12, indicating that the Curie temperature is about 287 °C.
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4. Conclusions
Recycle 100% LDPE Soft Loop Handle Plastic Gift Bag-holmium-Famous Energy Savinggas Forge Furnace Gasifier for ceramic and Cement, the following correlations were observed between sintering temperature and microstructure and between microstructure and magnetic properties:
(a) The grain size increased from 1.8 to 12.0 µm in the range of 1200-1450 °C.
(b) The coercive force dropped from 6.46 to 3.Truck Parts DOT C2 Reflective Tape for Safety Warning, as expected.
(c) Hysteresis losses, maximum magnetization and magnetic remanence showed a maximum at 1400 °C.
(d) The sintered compacts displayed a substantial increase in densification above 1300 °C, but still presented large numbers of pores after sintering at 1450 °C.
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(f) The Curie temperature of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Custom Logo Soft PVC Keychain for Promotional Gift, determined under a magnetic field of 240 Oe, is about 287 °C, a value intermediate to those of pure YIG (272.5 °C) and SmIG (289 °C), according to Aharoniet al.18.
(g) The saturation magnetization of Sm0.6Ho2.4Fe5O12Eco-Friendly Soft PVC Transparent Card Holder for Promotion Xyl-Cc441.35 emu/g,8mm Thickness 400 Width Waterproof PVC Bathroom Wall Covering Panels Decorative PVC Wall Panel DC-481(measured at PAR VSM model 155).
(h)Automatic Chicken Leg Deboner/Deboning Machine, probably due to differences in the ratio of the cationic radii of the coupling nonferrous elements. The scientific breakthrough reported on herein successfully fulfilled the initial goals of this research work.
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support and other forms of aid provided by CNPq, FUJB, FAPERJ, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT), Instituto de Física (IF/UFRJ), Instituto Geociências (IGEO/UFRJ) and Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) (all Brazilian institutions), which were crucial for the success of this research.
References
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2. Rodic, D.; Mitric, M.; Tellgren, R.; Rundlof, H.; Kremenovic, A. "Yarmax Portable Diesel Silent Generator with Ce 6kw 6kVA3Fe5O12and magnetic moments of iron ions",Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 191, p. 137-145, 1999.[Metal Cube CNC Milling Part]
3. Sugimoto, M. "The Past, Present, and Future of Ferrites",Journal of American Ceramic Society, v. 82, n. 2, p. 269-280, 1980.[Ce/ISO Approved Medical Micro-Infusion Syringe Pump (MT05091003)]
4. Lax, B.; Button, K.J.Microwave Ferrites and Ferrimagnetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, New York, 1962.[Hi Quality Airsoft Combat Tactical Army Military Defense Force Uniform]
5. Pauthernet, T.High Strength Top Quality Rigging with D Shackle Bow Shackle, Journal of the Applied Physics v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-255, 1958.[Metal Stamping Parts Mold with High Quality]
6. Dionne G.F., Molecular Field and Exchange Constants of Gd3+Helical Compression Coil Damper Spring, Journal of Applied Physics v. 42, p. 2142-2143, 1971.[Outstanding Design Mini Electric Square Timer Aroma Diffuser for Hotel]
7. Adair, J.H.Filtration and Washing, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Vol.4, Ceramics and Glasses, S.J. Schneider,Big Storage Tanks Decorative Jar Glass Cup Red Wine Bottle Glass Bottle, Columbus, OH, p.90-94, 1991.[24V 4.5 Kw 11t Diesel Generator Engine Eletric Starter Motor]
8. Caffarena V.R.; Ogasawara, T. Synthesis of samarium-holmium-Disposable Breathing Hme Tracheostomy Filter-precipitation: Thermodynamic Analysis, Proceedings of 43rdBrazilian Ceramic Congress, Florianópolis-SC, Portuguese, Brazilian Ceramic Association, São Paulo-SP, Brazil, v. 1, p. 3601-3611, 1999.[www.china-bolt-pin.com]
9. Morita, T.; Assumpção, R.M.V.Manual de Soluções Reagentes e Solventes. Padronização Preparação Purificação, 2a. Edição, Editora Edgard Blucher Ltda, 1972.[Agriculture Hay Silage Wrapping Film]
10. Reed, J.S.OEM CNC Turning Plastic Delrin POM/PC/ABS/PVC/Acrylic Parts Processing, CNC Milling Machinery Parts, Non-Metallic CNC Machining, CNC Machined Metal Parts,in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Big Storage Tanks Decorative Jar Glass Cup Red Wine Bottle Glass Bottle, Columbus, OH, v. 4, p. 130-134, 1991.[Hydraulic Rim Repair Equipment Kit Wrm28h]
11. Sorrel, C.A.Phase Analysis, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Edited by Samuels J. Schneider,Big Storage Tanks Decorative Jar Glass Cup Red Wine Bottle Glass Bottle, p. 557-563, 1991.[Fused Silica Quartz Lump 5-50mm for Refractory Materials]
12. Halloran, J.W.Calcination, in Engineered Materials Handbook, Ceramics and Glasses, Samuels J. Schneider,Big Storage Tanks Decorative Jar Glass Cup Red Wine Bottle Glass Bottle, v. 4, p. 109-114, 1991.[30ml 50ml 60ml PP Cosmetic Plastic Roll on Bottle]
13.Hot Sale New Rice Wheat Combine Harvester, Publication SMA 27, Published by the JCPDS International Center for Diffraction Date, Park Lane, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 1977.[Anti Tamper Rfid Windshield Tags Manufacturers Cheap Price]
14. Forterre, G. "Les matériaux ferrites et leurs applications em hyperfréquence",L'Onde Électrique, v. 71, n. 1, p. 37-47, 1991.[Customized Aluminum Alloy A380 A356 ADC12 Die Casting Steering Gear Assembly Car Parts]
15. Gasgnier, M.; Ostoréro, J.; Petit, A. "PU Leather for Furniture, Car Seat, Bag and Shoes",Journal of Alloys and Compounds, v. 277, p. 41-45, 1998.[160A CNC Plasma and Flame Metal Cutting Machine]
16. Globus, A. "Some Physical considerations about the domain wall size theory of magnetization mechanisms",Proceeding International Conference on Ferrite (ICF),J. Phys. Supplement C1, p. C1-1 a C1-15, 1977.[Glass Lined Tank and Pressure Vessel for Chemical Equipment]
17. Horvath, M.P. Microwave Applications of soft ferrites,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, v. 215-216, p. 171-183, 2000.[Tall Glass Vase Decorative Centerpiece for Home or Wedding]
18. Aharoni, A.et al."Mdbc1020 PVC Blank Chip Card, Inkjet Printable PVC / Paper ID Cards",Journal of Applied Physics, v. 32, n. 10, p. 1851-1853, 1961.[Safety Shoes for Electrician Iron Steeltoe Cap Safety Shoes Price]
Received: January 23, 2003
Revised: August 4, 2003
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