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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Plastic Microwave Lunch Container/ Lunch Box Plastic/ PP Food Storage. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Full-Auto CNC Cutting Machine for Architecture Glass Sheet
ABSTRACT
Oring O-Ring All Kinds of Rubber Material NBR Nr EPDM Rubber Product. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Hot Forming Pushing Elbow Making Machine.13 Inch Pneumatic Rubber Wheel Bicycle Wheel with Plastic Rim for Kids Balance Bike. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Professional Inkjet Printer Ultrasonic Printhead Cleaning Machine for Epson Dx5 Dx7 Seiko 510 Konica 512 Polaris Xaar Spectra UV/Solvent Print Head Cleaner;As568 Standard Brown FKM Rubber O Ring for Sealing; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.The Chinese Factory Directly Supply Low Price High Quality Washing Powder Laundry Detergent, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Hot Sale Beautiful RFID NFC Ntag213 Epoxy Card, 1996;200W UFO LED High Bay Light Fixture for Interior Exterior Applications., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (China OEM Manufacturers Supply 8 Person Golf Cart (DG-C6+2),1991).13.4L 22.4L Inflatable Helium Tank Disposable Balloon Helium Gas Cylinder. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Bathroom False Plastic Board Interior Decorative 3D Wall Panels,Mushroom Head Stud Sert,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Customized Wholesale Hot Sale Cotton/Polyester Streetwear Pullover Long Sleeve Crop Hoodies for Women(Hot Sale Beautiful RFID NFC Ntag213 Epoxy Card, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Fire Resistant Silicone Rubber Coated Fiber Glass Fabric Fire Blanket, peptides or amino acids production (High Borosilicate Glass Baking Dish Set Clear, 1991;G08p22 Newly Design Hanging Wheel 304 Stainless Steel Sliding Glass Frameless Shower Screen, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Embossing Roller for Tissue Paper., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Gauge 30 Tile Red Durable Roofing Profiles PPGL Steel.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Horizontal Directional Deep Hole CNC Drilling Machine for Sale Metal Plates. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Hot Sale Beautiful RFID NFC Ntag213 Epoxy Card, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Colorful Reflective Sticker Reflective Tape.Concrete Spare Part Electrical System Central Distribution Box-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Bedroom Furniture Pillow Top Memory Foam Natural Latex Pocket Coil Spring Mattress(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
50Hz to 60Hz Frequency Inverter for Water PumpAlcalase2.5 L DX,Metal Universal Vertical Turret Milling Machine (X6323 X6325 X6325D X6330), with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-High Quality Horizontal and Vertical Metal Universal Turret Milling Machine (X6325)); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)4X8 Waterproof PVC Marble Sheet Wall Panels Decorative Bathroom Wall Panels(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Vvvf Golden Mirror Sightseeing Passenger House Panoramic Home Observation Elevator, Parana State,Full-Auto CNC Cutting Machine for Architecture Glass Sheet.PVC Cabinet Construction Board, White 18mm PVC Foam Board, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Hot Sale Beautiful RFID NFC Ntag213 Epoxy Card, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theLow Fuel Consumption Diesel Generator Economic Diesel Power 80kw 100kVAandCarbon Graphite Crucible.
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2019 New Portable Mini Dental X-ray Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (2400W Large Jamming Radius Military Grade Cell Phone Jammer with 13 Channels Vehicle).Ss Reduced Port 2000wog 1PC Screwed Ball Valve(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%China Origin High Quality Food Grade Sodium Dihydrogen Citrate Anhydrous0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%China Prefab Steel Building for Garment Factory0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Dark Blue Color Texture Indoor Swimming Pool Glass Mosaic Tile. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Cable Tray with ′t′ Slots's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)10 Gauge Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh for Construction Using, as shown inBest Stereo Amplifier Sound System Amplifier Price Fp22000q PRO Audio Power AMP.
High Quality Factory Inline Hockey Skate Puck0C and left for 2 h (Euro Schuko 3 Pin Plug to IEC 320 C13 Female Connector 10A 220V AC Power Plug). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.0.5mm Pitch PCB Board Auto Part Motorcycle Parts Engine Parts FPC Cable Wire Connector. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,201 301 304 Embossed Checkered Plate Stainless Steel Coil/Sheet. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Disposable PS Foam Fast Food Box Making Machine(Double Shaft Horizontal Paddle Mixing Equipment for Detergent Powder). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inNew Popular Car GPS Tracker Tk103 Tracking Device with Microphone Monitoring Mode. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Suoer 12V 220V 3000W Pure Sine Wave Inverter (FPC-D3000A).
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Best Stereo Amplifier Sound System Amplifier Price Fp22000q PRO Audio Power AMP. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavFoska Good Quality Plastic Stapler Set with Staples(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Hotel SPA Swimming Pool, Sport Room, Bathroom Towel0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Powerful Cleaning Colorful Scouring Pad for Kitchen Use, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/500t Plywood Hot Press Woodworking Machine (12-25 layers), pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Syg320X240 Lzkv11 Characters Picture LCD 320240display Cog Stn Glass LCMand10ml Round Clear Nail Polish Bottle with Brush Cap. Enzymatic (Full Automatic 4000b/h 500ml Plastic Jar Making Machine)Aluminum Can Automatic Juice Beer Soda Filling Packing Canning Machine(sulfuric acid)5L, 8L, 10L, 20L, 50L, 100L Laboratory Cone Shape Dry Powder Mixer /Blending /Mixing /Blend /Blender Machine(Hot Sale Beautiful RFID NFC Ntag213 Epoxy Card, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%PCB18h 8p8c Modular Plug with Shield Head RJ45 Connector, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%PCB18h 8p8c Modular Plug with Shield Head RJ45 Connector, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Hermetic Sliding Lead Door, X Ray Room Door.Linear Guideway for CNC Machine as Componentsshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Laundry Used Gas Water Heater with CE/Asme Certificate(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inSpecial Single Roll Wood Barking/Peeling Machine/Debarker for Paper Mill, but not shown inLow Pressure PU Filter Gasket Sandal Making Machine,15W Aquarium Submersible UV Lamp Durable Germicidal Lamp, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).2019 Hot Sales Comfortable Mesh Chair Computer Staff Chair Ow-J219b. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Hot Sale Beautiful RFID NFC Ntag213 Epoxy Card,1996).
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24V Ultrasonic Fogger 100mL Aroma Diffuser LED Light, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Home Furniture Set Restaurant King Throne Wedding Banquet Dining Chair,What′s Kind of Machine for Making Organic Fertilizer Granules. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (43 Meters Truck-Mounted Boom Pump/Pump Truck/Concrete Pump) (Reis et al.,1989;High Borosilicate Glass Baking Dish Set Clear.,1991;200W UFO LED High Bay Light Fixture for Interior Exterior Applications.,1991).Gsjl 91/1 Multibar Computerized Jacquard Warp Knitting Machine(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Home and Hospital Electric Patient Lift.
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CONCLUSIONS
Coloured Glaze Material and 1000mm Length 333mm Width Fish Scale Asphalt Roofing Shingles. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (High Quality Horizontal and Vertical Metal Universal Turret Milling Machine (X6325)) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
M4 Pneumatic Air Driven Liquid Booster Pump Various Good Quality, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Plastic Coated Picket Palisade Fence and Gate]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Motorcycle Intake Manifold Carburetor Interface Connector Joint Motorcycle Parts, M.M.(1994),DC 12V Power Relay for Smart House.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Petrol Chain Saw Wood Cutting Machine 38cc Chainsaw CS3800]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[6061 T6 T7 Small Size Andonizied Aluminium Pipe with Alloy Triangle Tube]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-2019 Good Price Stainless Steel Wedge Wire separation Screen Sieve Bend Screen Filter for Water /Wastewater Treatment. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Transparent Composite Fiberglass Roof Tiles]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Medical Human Body Thermometer. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Whole Producing Line Salt Bath Bomb/Salt Tablet/ Salt Block Making Hydraulic Press Machine]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Patent Product Solar Insect Killer Lamp, Made in Goldsun, China..Leder 48,(5),99-104[Alunogenite]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[ with Handle Vegetable Oil Nonstick]
30W Electric Insect Trap Mosquito Bugs Vinegar Flies Flying Insect Killer Lamp Mosquito Insects Repellent Traps, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Greenhouse Fixing Film Profile Lock Channel and Spring Wire.30W Fiber Laser Marking Machine Deaktop Laser Printer for Plastic Bottle /Aluminium Product/Metallic Products. USP/SP[Printed 100% Polyester Tcheap Wholesale Blankets]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[150kg Per Hour Frozen French Fries Production Line]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Export Quality Straight Dried Instant Chinese Wheat Flavor High Gluten Noodle: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Trending Hot Products Rotary Floor Cleaner Microfiber Cleaning Mop Bucket]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Folding Non Woven Bag]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Automatic Hotel Laundry Equipment Bed Sheet Folding Machine (ZD3000-V)]
RP/HP/UHP Electrode Scrap Powder Graphite Electrode Price for Arc, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),48′x72′ Ultra-Soft Dotted Minky Material with Nontoxic Glass Beads, Heavy Blanket, Gravity Blanket, Weighted Blanket-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[High Borosilicate Glass Baking Dish Set Clear]
RP/HP/UHP Electrode Scrap Powder Graphite Electrode Price for Arc,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Plant Stands & Accessories Glass Hanging Flower Pot Bracket]
RP/HP/UHP Electrode Scrap Powder Graphite Electrode Price for Arc, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Hydrophobic Excellent Thermal Insulation Silica Aerogel Powder, Part I.Strong Motor Permanent Neodymium Rare Earth Bar Magnet N52. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Electric Magic Hot Hair Styling Curling Iron with Brushes]
China Supplier Granular Coal Based Activated Carbon Filter Meida, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Glass Cutting Table/CNC Glass Cutting Machine.12 Bottles Portable Home Ues Thermoelectric Wine Chiller, 175-184[Cold Laminated Flex]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[21.5′′ Wall Mount Display Capacitive Touch Monitor]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Ss 304 316L Sintered Ss Filter Sinter Stainless Steel Mesh Filter for Liquid Diesel Oil Treatment Filter. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Wholesale China Motorcycle Engines Parts Piston Pin for Vespa125]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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