ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

Dog Hook Spring Snap Hook Swivel Eye Bolt Snap Hook Key Hook Alloy Hook Swivel Hook Metal Hook for Handbag Luggage. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Gold Star Square Glass Candle Holder for Wedding Decoration.11kg 24L Low Pressure LPG Gas Cylinder. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.High Pressure Qsl8.9 Injector Fuel Supply Tube for Dongfeng, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Precision Customized OEM Auto Hardware Lathe CNC Machining Parts, 1996;White Color Enamel Bowls with High Quality., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Customized Good Quality Aluminum Die Casting Waterproof Enclosure with Hinged Door,1991).Nonwoven Fiber Quilt Produce Machine Wadding Production Line / Sheep Wool Quilts Production Line Comforter for Bedding Making Production Line. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Waterproof Fireproof Fiber Cement Board Wall Panel/ Cladding Board,Foshan Manufacturer Sound Proof Powder Coated Aluminum Sliding Lifting Door for Balcony Decoration,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Southeast Asia Healthy Soft Integrated Latex Foam Mattress(Precision Customized OEM Auto Hardware Lathe CNC Machining Parts, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,12X2 6p Abrasive Non Woven Polishing Polyurethane Polishing Pad, peptides or amino acids production (Water Filter System Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment System, 1991;Vertical CNC Milling Machine (Bed Type CNC Milling Machine XK7136C), 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Cabinet Shelf Support Pin Furniture Hardware Fittings., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Reasonable Price High Quality Nylon Cable Gland.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Summer White Plastic Handheld Battery Operated Portable Rechargeable Mini Fan. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Precision Customized OEM Auto Hardware Lathe CNC Machining Parts, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Disposable Anesthesia Breathing Circuit Tube.High Quality Cheaper Sea Water Magnetic Flow Meter Flange Type-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Volvo Truck Spare Parts Fuel Filter/Caterpillar Filter Element(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Manufacturer Customized Plastic Injection Molding(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Portable Telescopic Straw Metal Drinking Straw with Brush Case).Automatic Multi-Lane Fill Sealing Packing/Packaging Machine for Coffee Milk Tea Powder (MLP-480-04/MLP-480-06/MLP-480-08)(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Pneumatic Electric Manual Stainless Steel Sanitary Butterfly Valve⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Test Inspect High Precision Nuts Go-Nogo Fixed Gauges Machine Tapping Machine⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,60PCS/M LED 14.4W 20 Pixels DC12V RGB DMX512 IP65 Line Light. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Solar Energy Storad Power Generation System's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)110V 140W Electric AC Induction Gear Motor (61K140GU-AFJ/6GU25K), as shown inHigh Frequency Pure Sine Wave 25kw Inverter 240V off-Grid Solar Power Inverter.

Custom Aluminum Cover Frame Half Aluminum Cover Profile⁰C and left for 2 h (High Quality Proof-Smoke Construction Material Fire Control Fire System Fixed Rigid Metal Steel Smoke Curtain). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Tire Rubber Powder Recycling Equipment for Sale Truck Tires Rubber Shredding Facility. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,DC24V 36W Solar Fan Motor PCBA Card. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'New Monocular Hunting Wargame Mini Scope Digital Night Vision(Metal Galvanized Wave Form Perforated Steel Strips). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inLittle Bluetooth Speaker. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Dual Function Double Use Both Cut Steel Sheet and Pipe Tube Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Atlas Copco Ga VSD Air Screw Air Compressor High Quality Stationary Electric Screw Air Compressor. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avItaly Design Good Quality Hydraulic Motorcycle Lift Table(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Biodegradable Kraft Paper Soup Cup Instant Noodles Bowls with Lids⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/New Cisco Aironet 3700 Series Wireless Access Point Air-Cap3702e-B-K9, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Portable Telescopic Straw Metal Drinking Straw with Brush Case, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Best Price PVC Coated Fiberglass Mesh Insect Window ScreenandFrameless Sliding Shower Enclosure in Bathroom with 8mm Clear Glass and Stainless Steel Hardware. Enzymatic (Etching Rear Trunk Sill Plates for Hyundai Tucson)Quality Horizontal Flat Bed Metal CNC Turning Lathe Machine Price Ck6163(sulfuric acid)Lab Equipment Sr Paper Pulp Beating Freeness Test Machine(Precision Customized OEM Auto Hardware Lathe CNC Machining Parts, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%CREE COB Meanwell Driver Walkway Lamp 45W LED Canopy, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%CREE COB Meanwell Driver Walkway Lamp 45W LED Canopy, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

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Ladle Refining Melting Steel Furnace Casting Ladle, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Lishui Factory High Quality Metal Rolling Ball Screw,Y-Spring Threaded Check Valve, 800 Wog. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Printed 100% Polyester Tcheap Wholesale Blankets) (Reis et al.,1989;Water Filter System Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment System.,1991;White Color Enamel Bowls with High Quality.,1991).OEM CNC Processing Precision Plating/Anodizing/Painting Black Machining Part(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Factory Custom Highly White Clear 750ml Tequila Liquor Glass Bottle.

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CONCLUSIONS

Galvanized Eye Grab Bend Hook. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Counter-Clip Fluorine-Lined Butterfly Valve) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Transparent LED Display P3.91 Glass Wall LED Screen, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[American 2 Prong Ac Power Cord]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Surgical Power Tool Medical Care Orthopedic Mini Bone Saw, M.M.(1994),Micro Small Plastic Product Injection Molding Making Machine.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Automatic Hotel Laundry Equipment Bed Sheet Folding Machine (ZD3000-V)]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[High Borosilicate Glass Baking Dish Set Clear]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Glass Lifting Machine with Sucker for Glass Movements. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Plant Stands & Accessories Glass Hanging Flower Pot Bracket]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Anodized Gold Brush Finish Aluminum Sheet Coil. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Electric Magic Hot Hair Styling Curling Iron with Brushes]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Popular Industrial Sewing Quilting Machine With CO.Leder 48,(5),99-104[fupitc.com]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[21.5′′ Wall Mount Display Capacitive Touch Monitor]

Patent LED Tri-Proof light Fixture 30W, 3FT 3000lm IP66 Approved, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Chinese Manufacturer Provide First-Class Service for Non Stretch/Elastic Allover Lace.Alloy 6061 T4 T6 T651 Aluminum / Aluminium Plate. USP/SP[Wholesale China Motorcycle Engines Parts Piston Pin for Vespa125]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Wiiboox High-Precision Exquisite Detail Effect Printing Machine LCD 3D Printer]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Pure Sine Wave Power Frequency Inverter: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Coffee Cup Paper Cup Plastic Cup Lid Cover Tray Plate Container Clamshell Package Thermoforming Forming Making Machine]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[www.freewaypaper.net]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[PVC Cabinet Construction Board]

Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper Toilet Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper A3A4 Paper Corrugated Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Colorful 100% Cotton Hotel Face Towels-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Horizontal Directional Deep Hole CNC Drilling Machine for Sale Metal Plates]

Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper Toilet Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper A3A4 Paper Corrugated Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Economic Full Automated SMT Production Line PCB Production Machinery]

Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper Toilet Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper A3A4 Paper Corrugated Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:High Quality Electric Folding or Curving Bender 3D CNC Hydraulic Bneder Automatic Pipe Bending Machine Used for Furniture and Chairs (GM-SB-76CNC-2A-1S), Part I.33kv Dry Type Resin Casted Distribution Transformer. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Automatic Solar Collector Panel Carton Box Strapping and Packaging Machine]

Huaxia PAR56 Color Changing Swimming Pool Light Bulb LED Fixture Pool Used E27 Compatible with E26 with Remote Control Hx-PAR56-E27, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Economic and Reliable P32 Hydraulic Hose Crimping Machine Italy with SGS Certificate.Size 000 Clear Pullulan Vegetarian Capsules, 175-184[Security Nvr]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Rg178 Coaxial Cable with Ipex/Ipx Female to SMA Male Right Angle]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Sinicline 2018 Hot Sell Custom Printing Thank You Cards. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[High Quality CO2 Laser Marking Machine with Ce]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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