ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Outdoor Garden Save Energy with Solar Flame Wall Light. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,CE/PED Approved Small Laminated Glass Autoclave (Diameter 1600mm)

ABSTRACT

Factory Price Customized Design Doll Diamond Floating Soft PVC Luggage Tag. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Air Cooling Gas Powered Chain Saw with Dual Metal Blade 600mm Length.Non Stick Silicone Coated Fiberglass Cloth. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Lanbiao Two Speed Power Tools Professional Quality Li-ion Cordless Drill 12V 502;Industrial Digital Probe Thermometer Infrared Thermometer with Good Prices Temperature of Laser Wt900 -50 to 750 Celsius; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.ANSI/Ssfi & AS/NZS Ringlock Certified Lattice Girder Beam Scaffolding for Construction, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge, 1996;3000W 4000W High Speed Pipe&Plate Exchange Platform Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine with Raycus/Ipg Source 3015gcr., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (White/Black/Green Color 600GSM Polyester/PP Non Woven Geotextile,1991).Hot Sale 100% Polyester Cartoon Kids Sleepwear. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain,Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Laparoscopy Clip Applicator for Abdominal Surgery Uses(DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine, peptides or amino acids production (Diaphragm Valve for Bag Filter Since 1992, 1991;4-Drawer Steel Structure Office File Cabinet / Metal Storage Locker/Boofshelf/Office Furniture Book Shelf, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Automatic Solar Collector Panel Carton Box Strapping and Packaging Machine., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Manufacturer Plastic Injection Mould Molding Nylon PP Injection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Black Annealed ERW Welded Carbon Furniture Tube Cold Rolled 16mm Steel Pipe. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰High Density Warehouse Storage Racking Automatic Shuttle System Radio Rack.Aluminum Forging Cast Metal Sand Die Casting-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:ADC12 Aluminum Die Casting Parts(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Seikofire S-66 Palm OTDR Sm/mm Fiber Testing, Parana State,CE/PED Approved Small Laminated Glass Autoclave (Diameter 1600mm).PVC Fabric Rapid Roller Shutter for Clearn Room, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (DC 12V 24V Mini Portable Car Refrigerator Compressor Fridge, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theFactory Supply Cheap Price Custom Logo Genuine Leather Mens WalletsandPond Self Priming Booster Pressure Water Pump with Check Valve.

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Fiberglass Animal Poultry Insulation Grain Tower(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Foska Good Quality Plastic Stapler Set with Staples).Craft Paper Roll Self Adhesive Paper Thermal Transfer Ribbon(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Factory Wholesale Laser High Low Beam Head Lamp, Truck Auto New Round Offroad Laser 7 Inch LED Driving Lights⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Wholesale 375ml Dark Green Glass Ice Wine Bottles⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Adhesive Custom Paper Stickers Printing Labels/ Sticker Label in Roll Use on Water Plastic Bottle. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Automatic Ultrasonic Non Woven Folding Mask Ear Loop Welding Machine's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Cog Graphic FPC LCD Display Module, as shown inStraight-Through Medium Flange Hard-Sealed Z41h Gate Valve.

Power Fitting- Hot DIP Galvanizing Bolt with Nut⁰C and left for 2 h (Office Furniture Chair MID-Back Mesh Ergonomic Office Staff Chair). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Slewing Gear for Tower Crane Slewing Winch Reducer. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Full Automatic Tomato Ketchup Sauce Sachet Packaging Machine. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'7-Gauge Polyester/Cotton Knitted Gloves with PVC DOT on One Side(High Yield Tree Stump Crusher Machine). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inCummins Diesel Generator Spare Parts Price List. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,High Quality Shoes Sandals Sneakers Comfortable Foam Injection Moulded Shoes.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Double Arm Motorized Multifunction Medical Equipment for Hospital Gas System. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avStrong and Comfortable Flexible Wave Back Chair for Banquet (HM-S8)(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Patent LED Tri-Proof light Fixture 30W, 3FT 3000lm IP66 Approved⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Single Screw Extruder for Plastic PP/PE Pipe Production Line, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Packing 50ml Refill Reed Diffuser Glass Bottle with Silver Screw Neck, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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12X2 6p Abrasive Non Woven Polishing Polyurethane Polishing PadandIdeabond Stone Texture ACP Aluminum Composite Panel for Outdoorshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Nonwoven Fiber Quilt Produce Machine Wadding Production Line / Sheep Wool Quilts Production Line Comforter for Bedding Making Production Line.Waterproof Fireproof Fiber Cement Board Wall Panel/ Cladding Board, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inCNC Machining Turning Anodized Aluminum Worm Gear, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Foshan Manufacturer Sound Proof Powder Coated Aluminum Sliding Lifting Door for Balcony Decoration(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Southeast Asia Healthy Soft Integrated Latex Foam Mattress, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.12X2 6p Abrasive Non Woven Polishing Polyurethane Polishing Pad,Water Filter System Lamella Clarifier for River Water Treatment System. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Graphic 128X128 Dots Cog LCD) (Reis et al.,1989;Diaphragm Valve for Bag Filter Since 1992.,1991;3000W 4000W High Speed Pipe&Plate Exchange Platform Metal Fiber Laser Cutting Machine with Raycus/Ipg Source 3015gcr.,1991).Vertical CNC Milling Machine (Bed Type CNC Milling Machine XK7136C)(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Cabinet Shelf Support Pin Furniture Hardware Fittings.

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CONCLUSIONS

Reasonable Price High Quality Nylon Cable Gland. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Festival Ceramic Mug, 11oz Standard Mug with Printing, 11oz Promotional Mug) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Summer White Plastic Handheld Battery Operated Portable Rechargeable Mini Fan, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Wall Cladding]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Disposable Anesthesia Breathing Circuit Tube, M.M.(1994),High Quality Cheaper Sea Water Magnetic Flow Meter Flange Type.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Manual Interlocking Brick Making Machine]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Single Embossed Buttons Membrane Switch with FPC Circuit]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Volvo Truck Spare Parts Fuel Filter/Caterpillar Filter Element. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher Ball Empty Fire Extinguisher Ball]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),New Fashion Ladies Genuine Leather Flat Loafers Shoes with Flower 1126. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Polypropylene Woven Bag for Sludge Dewatering]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Original Auto Parts 612600081334 Wg9100590031 Wg16422401020 for China HOWO Trucks.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Flannel Fleece Blanket Custom Cheap Soft Microfiber Fleece Blanket]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Automatic Ultrasonic Non Woven Folding Mask Ear Loop Welding Machine]

Solar and Industrial Homehold Sine Wave Smart Power Inverter100W 500W -6000W DC12V-DC60V to 220V Output with Digital Display, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Counter-Clip Fluorine-Lined Butterfly Valve.DC Brushless Motor for CNC Machine with ISO9001. USP/SP[Folding  Platform Hand  Trolley ]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Sophisticated Durable Membrane Panel/Panel with 3m Glue]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Factory Sale 25ton Sinotruk HOWO 6X4 371HP Tractor Head Truck: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Car Mattress Back Inflatable Air Bed Car]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Ml W164 Power Steering Pump]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Decorative Aluminum Solid Panel for Commercial Building]

Road Safety Warning Barricade LED Solar Powered Blinking Light, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Manufacturer Customized Plastic Injection Molding-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Medical Human Body Thermometer]

Road Safety Warning Barricade LED Solar Powered Blinking Light,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[35 Degree Escalator with Auto Start Function in Parallel]

Road Safety Warning Barricade LED Solar Powered Blinking Light, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Automatic Multi-Lane Fill Sealing Packing/Packaging Machine for Coffee Milk Tea Powder (MLP-480-04/MLP-480-06/MLP-480-08), Part I.Pneumatic Electric Manual Stainless Steel Sanitary Butterfly Valve. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH402]

Test Inspect High Precision Nuts Go-Nogo Fixed Gauges Machine Tapping Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),60PCS/M LED 14.4W 20 Pixels DC12V RGB DMX512 IP65 Line Light.Solar Energy Storad Power Generation System, 175-184[Carbon Steel /Stainless Steel Double End Stud]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Fashion Metal Button Crystal Shank Button for Garment]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),110V 140W Electric AC Induction Gear Motor (61K140GU-AFJ/6GU25K). Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[High-End Business Magnet Leather Ring Binder Notebook]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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