ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

High Class Polyimide Film Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tape for Electrical Insulation. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Spare Parts Custom Injection Plastic Moulding Manufacturer.Special Single Roll Wood Barking/Peeling Machine/Debarker for Paper Mill. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Potato Starch Washing Machine Paddle Washer for Potato Starch Making Potato Cleaning Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (High Speed Roll Plastic T-Shirt Bag Making Machine, 1996;Coffee Cup Paper Cup Plastic Cup Lid Cover Tray Plate Container Clamshell Package Thermoforming Forming Making Machine., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Wholesale Black Galvanized Head Stainless Steel Screw,1991).PE PP Ld HD Lld PP Film Recycling Units Dryer Dewatering System Plastic Compacting Machine. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,45*60cm Anti-Fatigue ESD Rubber Floor Mat,Carbon Steel Manifold Aluminum Tee Pipe Welding Transition Joints,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Vinyl Glove in Work & Labor Glove(High Speed Roll Plastic T-Shirt Bag Making Machine, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Low Energy Needed Compact Flour Mill Plant for Milling Wheat, peptides or amino acids production (Nylon Weatherproof PA6 Strain Relief Cable Gland, 1991;Steel Roller Embossed Paper 2019 New Design, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Hot Saled Building Material 304 Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Coil., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Factory Price DIN5685 Galvanized Marine Anchor Link Chain.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Hot Salecustom Silicone Finger Rings Promotional Gift (SLF-SR001). UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (High Speed Roll Plastic T-Shirt Bag Making Machine, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰6X6 20m3/20000litres Liquid Tank off Road Fuel Transportation Tanker Truck.High Level Application Waterproof Plastic Box-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Automatic Pet Plastic Glass Bottle Pure Water Treatment Filter Purifier Juice Beverage Liquid Filling Sealing Bottling Labeling Packing Packaging Machine(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Washami Teeth Care for Whitening Cool Mint Toothpaste, Parana State,Zircon Butterfly Open Ring Diamond Fashion Woemn Rings.Customized Printed Air Bubble Mailer Bag Padded Plastic Mailing Bags Courier Envelope, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (High Speed Roll Plastic T-Shirt Bag Making Machine, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theCe Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis PainandStainless Steel Clarifier Tank for Water Treatment.

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Vertical Full Automatic Packing Machine for Tea Powder Pepper Powder Herbal Powder Chemical Powder Filling Machine Labeling Machine Capping Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Test Inspect High Precision Nuts Go-Nogo Fixed Gauges Machine Tapping Machine).SHXJ1500 CNC Diamond Wire Stone Cutting Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Men′s Multifunctional Polyester Outdoor Sports Long Box Fancy Sling Side Bag⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%2019 Foam Concrete Machine/Foamed Concrete Block Making Machine⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher Ball Empty Fire Extinguisher Ball. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Yyh Series One Dimension Tumbling Mixer Mixing Machine's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)ODU 14 Pin Industrial Circular Connector, as shown inBoston Round 50ml Refillable Plastic Pet Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray Bottle.

Factory Manufacturers Prices Melamine Faced Chipboard/Particle Board⁰C and left for 2 h (Best Sale Low Price Household Air freshener Spray). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Classical New Coming Plastic Female Sunglasses. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,OEM Double Sided Rigid PCB Circuit Board Manufacturer. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Robot of World Robotics Competition(Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inGlass Water Bottle with Silicone Sleeve&Bamboo Lid. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Professional Rope/Cable/Wire Braiding Machine with Factory Price.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Aluminum PCB Circuit Board SMD PCBA LED PCB. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avClassical Type Antique Copper Zinc Alloy Plate Door Lock Handle with Mortise Lock and Cylinder (ZP159)(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.China Supplier Steel Machine Bellows Cover Telescopic Shield Cover⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Concrete Cure Spray Concrete Curing Agent, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Automatic Chewing Dog Food Snack Machine, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Oil Heating ReactorandWhite Ceramic Shot Glass for Sublimation Printing - 1.5oz. Enzymatic (Promotional Gifts Custom Printed Silicone Wristband/Bracelet)Industry Mega PVC Fabric Automatic Folding Hangar Rolling Shutter Door(sulfuric acid)8000kg Diesel Forklift Great Logistic Equipment Fork Lift Truck 8ton(High Speed Roll Plastic T-Shirt Bag Making Machine, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Farrowing Crate Pig Floor Cast Iron Slat Floor, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Farrowing Crate Pig Floor Cast Iron Slat Floor, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Manufacturer PVC Synthetic Artificial Leather for Sofa Upholstery Cover with Variety of Backing.SHXJ1500 CNC Diamond Wire Stone Cutting Machineshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.High Quality Aluminum Heat Sink for Electronics Computer Electric(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inBathroom Accessories Well Designed High End 82116 Sliver Design Toilet Stainless Steel or Brass Angle Valve A6002, but not shown inMedical Waste Disposal with Microwave Disinfection Equipment Biomedical Infectious Waste 10,5-Star 100 Cotton King Size Cheap Stripe Hotel Duvet Cover, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Surprise! Range Hood Free! ! ! Juice Cart. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (High Speed Roll Plastic T-Shirt Bag Making Machine,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

T90 High Power Latching Relay Mini Power Relay. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Military Camelback Hydration Pack Wholesale Camo Hydration Pack 3L Bladder) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Customizable Laptop Sleeve Computer Case Bag for MacBook Air 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Inch, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Fashion Women Colored Stone Earring Handmade Earrings Jewelry for Wholesale]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Auto Accessories Tailored Car Foot Mats Trunk Mats for Lexus GS430, M.M.(1994),Polyglycolic Acid Absorable Suture.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[High Speed Cable Wire Winding Braiding Machine]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Custom Size Christmas Gift Personalized Watch Boxes for Men]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-No. 1062 20PCS Tools. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[IMTEK High Precision and Rigidity Linear Guides for CNC machinery]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Ld-Zg002 Special Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor for Chemical Plant. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[18V Lithium Battery Powered Cordless Drill]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Aluminum Mould Shoe Mould Making CNC Milling Router Machine.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Printing Indoor Custom Exibition Stand Exhibit Booth Design]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[New Monocular Hunting Wargame Mini Scope Digital Night Vision]

Microwave Motion Sensor Module Doppler Radar Detector (HW-M10), C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),High Pressure Fitting Quick Coupling Hydraulic Plug.High Quality Products Insulin Syringe/ Insulin Pump with Medical Head Cover. USP/SP[Forged Steel Pressure Sealed Bonnet Globe Valve]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Sm5r30602b Auto Car Ls1 Komatsu Kobelco Engine Suzuki GM Automobile Wiring Harness]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Refrigeration Digital Temperature Controller Stc-100A: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[High Power From Han′s GS 2000W Laser Cutter]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Dashboard Leather]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Titanium Dioxide Anatase for Paper Making]

Boston Round 50ml Refillable Plastic Pet Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray Bottle, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Women Cow Leather Handbag Genuine Leather Shoulder Bag for Ladies-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[PTFE+Bronze Shaft Rod Step Seal Hbts/Spgo Buffer Seal]

Boston Round 50ml Refillable Plastic Pet Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray Bottle,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Aluminum Mould Shoe Mould Making CNC Milling Router Machine]

Boston Round 50ml Refillable Plastic Pet Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray Bottle, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Black Color Hexagon Bolt with High Quality, Part I.China Supplier! ! ! Hot Sale 16mn Galvanized Steel Pipes. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[10W IP65 Dimmable Recessed Press Steel Fire Rated LED COB Downlight Bezel Interchangeable Fire Rated Down Light]

Afen Auto Opened Door Pasta Sexy Toys Auto Vending Machine with Competitive Price, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Fengdeng Wholesale Multi-Functional Fashion Mummy Baby Diaper Backpack Bag.High Speed Construction Lifting Equipment Boat Yacht Capstan Electric Winch 3 Ton, 175-184[Cab Air-Conditioner Tractors 100HP 110HP 1204 120HP Farm Tractor]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Low Energy Needed Compact Flour Mill Plant for Milling Wheat]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Back Adhesive 72W Solar Flexible PV Laminate Panels (PVL-72). Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Sower Vacuum Emulsifying Machine for Cosmetic]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Efficiency High Precision PT52y-X Turning Milling CNC Machine for High Quality and ReliabilityAuthor for correspondence