ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-PAC /Poly Aluminium Chloride for Water Treatment. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Aluminum Sheet Shearing Machine

ABSTRACT

Electrical PV DC Solar Cable. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Tomato Bubble and High Pressure Washing Machine.Upholstery Ribbon Christmas Tape. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Costa Rica Digital Smart Full HD ISDB-T TV Transmitter TV Receiver, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (40A Zinc Alloy Mini Plug-in Electronics Car Blade Fuse, 1996;Best Sale Low Price Household Air freshener Spray., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Factory Supplied High Strength Marine Anchor Chain,1991).Humidity Refrigeration Digital Controller Jsd-100+. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Elegant Europe Dessign Pillow Top Mattress,8 Gang Waterproof LED Rocker Switch Panel for Marine Boat Caravan (AP8),etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Plastic Injection Mould for Auto Parts/Injection Mold Molding Home Appliance Parts(40A Zinc Alloy Mini Plug-in Electronics Car Blade Fuse, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Modern 4 Person Workstation with Computer Desk Modular Office Furniture, peptides or amino acids production (High Frequency Steel Straight Seam Pipe Welding Line/Tube Mill, 1991;Women Fashion Winter V Neck Long Sleeve Clothes, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Full-Automatic Production Line for Continuous Draw-out Wet Wipe Wet Wipes Machine Baby Wipes Production Line., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.3D CNC Router for Wood Cutting Machine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Stainless Steel Screens / Wedge Wire Filter Element. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (40A Zinc Alloy Mini Plug-in Electronics Car Blade Fuse, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Amazon Armor TPU Silicone Phone Case for Honor 10 Lite.EPS Foam Sheet Extrusion Machine for Fast Food Box Making-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Luxury High Quality Shawl Collar Multi-Color Coral Fleece Bathrobe(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

High Quality Stainless Steel Plate Flange, Parana State,Aluminum Sheet Shearing Machine.High Quality Low Price Top Selling Fashion Summer Boy Sandals, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (40A Zinc Alloy Mini Plug-in Electronics Car Blade Fuse, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theSilver Anodized Aluminium I Beam Level Measuring ToolandStainless Steel Expanded Metal Mesh/Aluminum Expanded Metal Mesh.

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Easy Operational Cup Cake Filling Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Telescopic Handle Easy Cleaning Double Sides Chenille & Microfiber Flat Mop).Used Mini Excavator Komatsu PC55 PC40 PC35 PC15 PC18 Small Digger(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Folding Play Mat Crawl Play Mat⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Wooden Grain Perforated Panel for Metal Mesh Curtain Wall⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Reasonable Price and Fast Delivery Yk11/Yk-11 1370003-76-1. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Folding  Platform Hand  Trolley 's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Pump Flower Sprinkler with Automatic Watering System, as shown inSdlg LG936L Wheel Loader Spare Parts 4041000687 Hose Assembly.

Catering Use Cafe Use Tolix Outdoor Metal Dining Chair Restaurant⁰C and left for 2 h (Sw Type BOPP Packaging Adhesive Tape Coating Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Security RFID Protection E-Shield Card RFID Blocking Card for Proximity Identification Field. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Low Carbon Heavy Galvanized Steel Wire. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Long Distance Measurement Power Laser Digital Meter(Upholstery Ribbon Christmas Tape). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inGeometry. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Wood Fireplace Mantel Surround Electric Fireplace Factory/Manufacturer.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Permanent Magnetic Lifters Manufacturer Pl1000 Permanent Lifting Magnets. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avLED Lighted Vanity Makeup Mirror with Built-in 800mAh Battery and USB Charging, Natural Daylight, Dimmable, Foldable Esg10310(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Eko Custom Color Marked Self-Adhesive Hook and Loop Cable Tie for Wire Management⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/High Quality CO2 Laser Marking Machine with Ce, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/New Design Inclined Plane 18W LED Wall Washer Lighting, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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X Ray Room DoorandReasonable Price and Fast Delivery Yk11/Yk-11 1370003-76-1show the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-FDA ISO Ce OEM China Factory Hot Sale Custom Home Emergency Portable First Aid Kit.Custom Fashion Cup Mat Silicone Rubber Coaster for Tea- Best Housewarming Beverage, Drink Silicone PVC Coaster Beer Drink Coaster Cup Coaster (YB-CC-1), and another peak at 45 mL not shown inYute High Tensile Flexible 10mm Fuel Hose for Generator Parts, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Aluminum Foil PE Bottle Cap Induction Seal Liner(Condell et al.,1993) .

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CONCLUSIONS

Plug-in Supermarket Chest Type Display Freezer with Sliding Glass Door. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Wet Type Wire Drawing Machine for Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Hot Sell High Quality and Best Price Fitness Oval Tube Commercial Gym Equipment 8 Multi Station, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Lcd Display Character]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Galvanized Pressure Locked Grating, M.M.(1994),Phenol Polyoxyethylene Ether for Water-Reducing Admixture, 9004-78-8..The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[80W All in One Outdoor LED Street Light Solar Lamp]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Automatic Blow Molding Pet Bottle Making Semi Auto Blower Perform Making Bottle Machinery]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-2019 Ce Approved Car Spray Booth /Furniture Infrared Paint Spray Booth. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Explosion-Proof Housing Sealing Dispensing Machine]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Trending Hot Products Rotary Floor Cleaner Microfiber Cleaning Mop Bucket. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Easy Operational Cup Cake Filling Machine]

Heidemann, E.(1997),5/8 Alco Drier Filter Refrigerator Liquid Line Filter Drier Gas Filter Ek-165 Flare Type.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Embossed Pattern PU Leather Classic Mens Wallet]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Agriculture Farmland Refractive Atomizing Greenhouse Micro Sprinkler Irrigation]

Small Cleaning Brush ESD Anti Static Brush ESD Brush Black, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),3*19.8 NRA G2 AISI420 Needle Roller for Bearing.JIS G3461 STB410 Steam Steel Tube, JIS G 3461 ASTM A179 Seamless Boiler Pipe. USP/SP[Tomato Bubble and High Pressure Washing Machine]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Disposable PS Foam Fast Food Box Making Machine]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-3PC Ss Ball Valve with ISO 5211 Direct Mounting Pad: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Cheap Gabion Wire Mesh Box]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Cutting Saw For Foam]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Hidrotek Portable Suitcase Design Reverse Osmosis Demo Kits]

PVC Connector Sleeve Soft Plastic Battery Terminal Covers, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Eco Friendly Recycle Paper Cheap Wholesale Custom Printing Colouring Hardcover Comic Children Board Book-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Various Sublimation Blank Home Supply Fabric Bath Towel etc]

PVC Connector Sleeve Soft Plastic Battery Terminal Covers,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Manufacturer Customized Plastic Injection Molding]

PVC Connector Sleeve Soft Plastic Battery Terminal Covers, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Wiiboox High-Precision Exquisite Detail Effect Printing Machine LCD 3D Printer, Part I.Portable Mini Fridge with Light Box. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Full Automatic Tomato Ketchup Sauce Sachet Packaging Machine]

Agriculture Film for Corn Silage Wrap Baler, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Cheap Gabion Wire Mesh Box.Stainless Inox Escalator Decorative Panel 304 Grade Brushed Stainless Steel Sheet with 7 PVC Film, 175-184[Activated Alumina Ka405 Wholesaler Quotes & PriceList]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Full Automatic Laundry Machinery Laundry Equipment/Washing Machine Dryer/Ironing Folding Machine]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Stainless Steel Double Layer Filter USD in POY Machines. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[CNC Machining Service High Precision CNC Mechanical Parts]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

500t Plywood Hot Press Woodworking Machine (12-25 layers)Author for correspondence