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vol.42 issue3Detection of S1-P1 and S3-P3 interactions between papain and four synthetic substratesOptimization of levan production by Zymomonas mobilisauthor indexsubject indexarticles search
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Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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ABSTRACT

ABC-508 Brake System Cleaning and Fluid Exchanging Machine. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Polypropylene Woven Bag for Sludge Dewatering.China Prefab Low Cost Industrial Steel Structure Metal Storage Shed for Sale. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;High Waist Legging Sports Bra Set Custom Fitness Yoga Wear Women Athletic Wear Set Gym Clothing;High Quality Industrial Grade Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Professional Factory Supply Design Cat Tree Pet Product, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Agricultual Hand Sprayer/Garden Hand Sprayer /Home Hand Sprayer (TF-01F), 1996;Peb Steel Structure Building Materials H-Section I Beam Steel., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Aluminum Oxide Non Woven Polishing Wheel for Machine,1991).CAT6A FTP Patch Panel (WD6A-012). Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,LED Light Therapy Beauty Equipment for Skin Care PDT Salon Machine,Famous Brand Hzs75 Modular Precast Quick Concrete Batching Plant,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Famous Brand Luxury Packaging Box Gift Box(Agricultual Hand Sprayer/Garden Hand Sprayer /Home Hand Sprayer (TF-01F), 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,High Qualified Medical Grade Thin Wall Stainless Steel Tube, peptides or amino acids production (3D Stereoscopic Network Structure Cermamic Foam Filter for Alumina Foundry, 1991;High Strength New 0.18mm Molybdenum Wire, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Structural Synthetic Fiber for Concrete., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.LPG Frying Machine Natural Gas Deep Fryer Diesels Continuous Fryer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Rubber Belt Auto Loading and Unloading Abrasive Blast Cleaning Equipment/Tumblast Shot Blast Machine. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Agricultual Hand Sprayer/Garden Hand Sprayer /Home Hand Sprayer (TF-01F), 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Automatic 200-800kg Butterfly Chicken Breast Meat Slicing Machine.Tct Circular Saw Blade for Grass Cutting-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Twilled Packaging Box PP Folding Box Transparent Frosted Plastic Sheet(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Picc Puncture Care KitAlcalase2.5 L DX,Injectable Human Growth Peptides Tb500 5mg Thymosin Beta 4 for Muscle Growth, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-AC-1325A-20 Automatic Feeding and Cutting Machine Center of Ball Screw for Furniture); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)34*25cm Office File Pocket Felt A4 Document Bag(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

PP Needlepunched Nonwoven Geotextile, Parana State,Industrial Laundry Ozone Generator for Jeans, Linen and Gray Cloth Bleaching.High Temperaturethermocouple Male and Female Plug, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Agricultual Hand Sprayer/Garden Hand Sprayer /Home Hand Sprayer (TF-01F), 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theAdhesive Custom Paper Stickers Printing Labels/ Sticker Label in Roll Use on Water Plastic BottleandCermet Circular Cold Saw Blade for Carbon Steels Cutting with Special Tooth Feature.

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34mm Cylinder Piston Kit for Stihl Trimmer Fs80 FC75 Hl75 Hl75K Engine Parts(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Outdoor /Living Room Furniture 5PCS Aluminum Leisure Rattan Sofa Set).Best Price Custom Embroidery Logo Hotel Slippers(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Na2s2o5 Sodium Metabisulfite (Sodium Metabisulphite) for Fixing Agent0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Efficiency Fine Powder Vibrating Screener0C for 2 h. After this treatment,High Quality Waterproof UHF RFID Button PPS Laundry Tags for Laundry Management. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Plant Stands & Accessories Glass Hanging Flower Pot Bracket's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Wooden Frame Stretched Canvas, Painting Canvas, as shown inWholesale Black Galvanized Head Stainless Steel Screw.

Automatic Transparent Film Medicine Box Chewing Gum Food Sealing Machine0C and left for 2 h (Top Fashion The King and The Soldiers Kids Wooden Viking Kubb Game for Garden W01d006). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.SPCC Material Light Gray Color 7.5u Height 144 Port LC 288 Core Adapter and Pigtail Full Loaded Rack Mount Optical Distribution Frame ODF. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,UF Membrane Aqu160 with Competitive Price and High Quality. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Atf-805 Auto Car Transmission System Flushing Machine(Fengdeng Wholesale Multi-Functional Fashion Mummy Baby Diaper Backpack Bag). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inHot Sale-92PCS Volt Cordless Drill Bit Set (FY1082B-E). The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,43 Glass Beads Cat Eye Aluminum Road Stud.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Hot Sales Csutomized Printed Shipping Address Sticker Label (JP-s041). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavHigh Precision C45 Steel CNC Lathe Parts(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.CAS 9067-32-7 Hyaluronic Acid/ Sodium Hyaluronate0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Circular Magnetic Lifter for Steel Scrap Lifting Machine MW5 - 70L/1, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Food Grade PTFE Coated Fiberglass Mesh Baking Sheet, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Custom Made Colorful Sublimation Womens Yoga Pants WholesaleandBeverage Cooling Cube Ice Making/Ice Maker Machinery. Enzymatic (Waterproof PVC/Vinyl Tile Spc Plastic Click Flooring Plank)Transparent Composite Fiberglass Roof Tiles(sulfuric acid)Wholesale China Motorcycle Engines Parts Piston Pin for Vespa125(Agricultual Hand Sprayer/Garden Hand Sprayer /Home Hand Sprayer (TF-01F), 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Two Layer License Plates with Wide Border Embossed, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Two Layer License Plates with Wide Border Embossed, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Electrical Barber Shop Equipment Electric Hair Curling Wand Iron.Automatic French Fries Frying Machine with Low Priceshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Really Microfiber PVC Leather for Sofa Furniture(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in3.5ton Chinese Engine Gasoline Forklift (FG35T), but not shown in Art Painting (abstract sailing oil painting),94V0 Circuit Board Mobile Phone PCB Motherboard, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Heat Resistant Pyrex (borosilicate) Glass Food Storage Containers. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Agricultual Hand Sprayer/Garden Hand Sprayer /Home Hand Sprayer (TF-01F),1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

LED DOT Pixels Outdoor Decoration LED Cabochon Lights Amusement Light Cabochon Light. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (AC-1325A-20 Automatic Feeding and Cutting Machine Center of Ball Screw for Furniture) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Safest Baby Healthcare and Grooming Kit for Baby Gift, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[HOWO 420HP Rhd Tractor Truck Head]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Fashion Birthday Gift 18K Gold Plated Jewellery 925 Sterling Silver Custom Name Plate Bracelet for Women Men Baby, M.M.(1994),Wc67y-80t Hydraulic Plate Bending Machine Press Machine Metal Sheat Forming with Dro.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[ Cheap Plastic Injection Molding PLA 3D Printing Service for Rapid Prototyping Services]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[6oz/175ml Plastic Packaging Pharmaceutical Plastic Medicine Container with Plastic Screw Cap]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Micro DC 24V Worm Gear Brushless Motor for Medical Equipment. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[AISI 201/202/301/304 Stainless Steel Welded Square Pipe]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),1.6 Ton Hand Lifting Tool Lever Chain Block. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[AC/DC Pure Sine Wave Inverters for PV Solar System off Grid System]

Heidemann, E.(1997),CNC Machining Service High Precision CNC Mechanical Parts.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Adjustable Ceiling Tv Mount]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Yyh Series One Dimension Tumbling Mixer Mixing Machine]

Small Size Deep Groove Ball Bearing, Miniature Ball Bearing (616), C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Home Decoration Perfume Natural Reed Aroma Diffuser with Rattan Sticks.Vs1-12/630A Indoor Vs1 Vacuum Circuit Breaker Handcart Type High Voltage Vacuum Circuit Breaker. USP/SP[Used Mini Excavator Komatsu PC55 PC40 PC35 PC15 PC18 Small Digger]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Four Column Hydraulic Press Machine for Kitchen Sink Deep Drawing]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Printed 100% Polyester Tcheap Wholesale Blankets: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Non Standard U Channel Steel]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[www.ritecmachine.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[High Speed Copper Wire Braiding Making Machine]

Food Grade Material 304/316 Double Diaphragm Pumps, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Manufacturer Wholesale Welded Wire Mesh Large Dog Cage/Dog Run Kennels/Dog Run Fence Panels-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[ Bicycle Moped with Pedals with 36V 250W Motor (JB-TDE23Z)]

Food Grade Material 304/316 Double Diaphragm Pumps,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[China Supplier Granular Coal Based Activated Carbon Filter Meida]

Food Grade Material 304/316 Double Diaphragm Pumps, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:FUJI Home Monarch Hotel Passenger Elevator Residential Building Elevator, Part I.High Power From Han′s GS 2000W Laser Cutter. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ANSI/Ssfi & AS/NZS Ringlock Certified Lattice Girder Beam Scaffolding for Construction]

Glazing Fixed-Point Facade Mullion Curtain Wall Outdoor Indoor Glass Panel, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Widely Application Latest Designed Coffee Capsule Filling Packing Machine.Zipper Top/Bottom Stops MIM Stainless Steel Zipper Puller Zipper Slider Zipper Head for Pouch Bag Garment Jeans, 175-184[Electric Scooters Prices Supplier & Manufacturer]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[24V Ultrasonic Fogger 100mL Aroma Diffuser LED Light]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),18V Lithium Battery Powered Cordless Drill. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Disposable Medical Ventilator Breathing Circuit Anesthesia Smoothbore Corrugated Expandable Circuit]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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