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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Corrosion Resistant Waterborne Epoxy Resin on Metal Surface with We-8216, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Baking Stone Cookware, 1996;Compression Polyester Light Ankle Support Brace for Youth., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Good Quality White PVC Rigid Foam Board for Iran Market,1991).Portable Wireless Professional Rechargeable DJ Karaoke Sound Box Trolley Bluetooth PA Speaker ED-608. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Carbon Raiser of Graphitized Petroleum Coke/GPC for Iron Casting,High Precision Piston Ring Good Shape Ability High Quality Surface,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Bathroom Accessories Well Designed High End 82116 Sliver Design Toilet Stainless Steel or Brass Angle Valve A6002(Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Baking Stone Cookware, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Farm Relief Plastic Automatic Air Release Valve, peptides or amino acids production (60W All-in-One PIR Sensor Die-Aluminum Solar Street Light Price, 1991;Plastic ABS/PMMA/PC/PP/as Material Components Injection Mold for Industry, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Square Decorative Stainless Steel Crimped Wire Mesh., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Mold Injection Molding Plastic Products White PC Housing.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Sw Type BOPP Packaging Adhesive Tape Coating Machine. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Pre-Seasoned Cast Iron Baking Stone Cookware, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Stainless Steel Metric Female Flat Seat Hose Fittings.High Quality Round Hole Hastelloy Perforated Metal Screen Climbing Frame Mesh Perforated Metal Sheet-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Locksmith Tool Car Lock Transpopnder Chip Key Blank Cover(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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VHDCI Connector, 100p, Solder 0.8mm Pitch(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Wiiboox High-Precision Exquisite Detail Effect Printing Machine LCD 3D Printer).6061 T6 T7 Small Size Andonizied Aluminium Pipe with Alloy Triangle Tube(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Must 4kw 2HP Pump Power Inverter Ags Bts Available⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%K-Pop Exo Dust-Proof Face Masks Breathing High-Quality Cartoon Cotton Mask⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Hydraulic Hose Flange Adapter Carbon Steel Forging Flange Coupling. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Hot DIP Galvanized Metal Stillages Steel Storage Pallet Converter Rack with Removable Posts's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)100W 120W 150W Outdoor Solar LED Street Lighting, as shown inCoffee Cup Paper Cup Plastic Cup Lid Cover Tray Plate Container Clamshell Package Thermoforming Forming Making Machine.

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Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Bank Safe Lock, Gun Cabinet Lock, Safe Lock (AL-206). Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avHydraulic Quick Coupling ISO 7241-a with Compatibllity Parker 6600(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.China Supplier Jic Female Eaton Standard Hydraulic Rubber Hose One Piece Fitting 16711RW⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Varied Colored As568 Food Grade Soft Rubber Silicone O Ring, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/2.0mm Yellow Markers for Fiber Optic Multi Patch Cord, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Custom-Made Cotton Satin Towels for Adults with Thick Bath Towel. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Automatic 0.5-1.2mm Aluminum Channel Letter Bending Flanging Machine) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

China Modern Pharmacy Vacuum Filter Press, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Decorative Panels]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,100% Cotton Luxury Printed Bedding Comforter Set, M.M.(1994),Mouse Pad with Gel Wrist Rest.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Custom Printing A5 Elastic Bandage Leather Notebook with Emboss Logo School Notepad]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[One Step Myo/Ck-MB/Ctnl Combo Rapid Test Cassette]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Custom Size Christmas Gift Personalized Watch Boxes for Men. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[40A Zinc Alloy Mini Plug-in Electronics Car Blade Fuse]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Best Selling Quality Aluminum Acetylene Gas Cylinder. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[ Box Sealing Packing Taping Strapping Machine]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Coal Mine Mini Electric Excavator with Quick Coupling.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Steel Metal Wire Mesh Deck Railing]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[4-14 Manual Staple Gun with Staples for Hand Tools]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Aluminum Can Automatic Juice Beer Soda Filling Packing Canning Machine]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Stainless Steel Sheet Metal Fabrication Switchgear Cabinet Factory: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Low Cost Safety Guarantee Storage Silo with High-Efficient Conveyors]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Column Type Rubber Molding Press Factory]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Scouring Pads Making Machine for Brush King]

Boho Gold&Silver Antique 3 Circle Hoops Pendant Earring for Women, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Factory Direct Sale Single Cloth Hanger Hook-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Ladle Refining Melting Steel Furnace Casting Ladle]

Boho Gold&Silver Antique 3 Circle Hoops Pendant Earring for Women,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Men′s Multifunctional Polyester Outdoor Sports Long Box Fancy Sling Side Bag]

Boho Gold&Silver Antique 3 Circle Hoops Pendant Earring for Women, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:2 Round Sash Pulley for Chain - Brass (PVD), Part I.Anodized Aluminum Expanded Metal Mesh Competitive Price. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Counter-Clip Fluorine-Lined Butterfly Valve]

Hot DIP Galvanized G2150 D Ring Shackle, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Office Furniture Chair MID-Back Mesh Ergonomic Office Staff Chair.Round Shape Aluminum PCB and PCBA, 175-184[New Arrival Creative Hair Ornaments Jewellery Fashion Jewelry Alloy Crown]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Gamicos Wireless Diesel Fuel Fuel Oil Water Tank Level Gauge]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),36PCS LED Gold Matrix Stage Zoom Light. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Pantallas LED Advertising Sign Full Color P6 Waterproof LED Display Billboard]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

Smelting and Heating Induction Machine (GW-HY187)Author for correspondence