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Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba  1999

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ARTICLES


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ABSTRACT

Na2s2o5 Sodium Metabisulfite (Sodium Metabisulphite) for Fixing Agent. After enzymatic hydrolysis,High Efficiency Fine Powder Vibrating Screener.High Quality Waterproof UHF RFID Button PPS Laundry Tags for Laundry Management. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Plant Stands & Accessories Glass Hanging Flower Pot Bracket;Wooden Frame Stretched Canvas, Painting Canvas; chromatography; protein, chromium


RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.


INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Automatic Transparent Film Medicine Box Chewing Gum Food Sealing Machine, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (SPCC Material Light Gray Color 7.5u Height 144 Port LC 288 Core Adapter and Pigtail Full Loaded Rack Mount Optical Distribution Frame ODF, 1996;UF Membrane Aqu160 with Competitive Price and High Quality., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Atf-805 Auto Car Transmission System Flushing Machine,1991).43 Glass Beads Cat Eye Aluminum Road Stud. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Hot Sales Csutomized Printed Shipping Address Sticker Label (JP-s041),High Precision C45 Steel CNC Lathe Parts,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,I12 Tws Wireless Blue Tooth Headsets with Charging Box I10 Earbuds for Iphonex/Xs Max(SPCC Material Light Gray Color 7.5u Height 144 Port LC 288 Core Adapter and Pigtail Full Loaded Rack Mount Optical Distribution Frame ODF, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,CAS 9067-32-7 Hyaluronic Acid/ Sodium Hyaluronate, peptides or amino acids production (Circular Magnetic Lifter for Steel Scrap Lifting Machine MW5 - 70L/1, 1991;Food Grade PTFE Coated Fiberglass Mesh Baking Sheet, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Beverage Cooling Cube Ice Making/Ice Maker Machinery., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Waterproof PVC/Vinyl Tile Spc Plastic Click Flooring Plank.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Transparent Composite Fiberglass Roof Tiles. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (SPCC Material Light Gray Color 7.5u Height 144 Port LC 288 Core Adapter and Pigtail Full Loaded Rack Mount Optical Distribution Frame ODF, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Wholesale China Motorcycle Engines Parts Piston Pin for Vespa125.Two Layer License Plates with Wide Border Embossed-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Electrical Barber Shop Equipment Electric Hair Curling Wand Iron(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

Really Microfiber PVC Leather for Sofa FurnitureAlcalase2.5 L DX,94V0 Circuit Board Mobile Phone PCB Motherboard, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Heat Resistant Pyrex (borosilicate) Glass Food Storage Containers); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)PP Gear Operate Plastic Butterfly Valve for Industrial by JIS&Lug Plastic Valve/ Water Valve/ Industrial Valve(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).

Sample collection and preparation

Adhesive Powder for Skim Coat/Wall Putty HPMC, Parana State,Best Price Custom Embroidery Logo Hotel Slippers.4X4 Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Panel (FACTORY), exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (SPCC Material Light Gray Color 7.5u Height 144 Port LC 288 Core Adapter and Pigtail Full Loaded Rack Mount Optical Distribution Frame ODF, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theTest Inspect High Precision Nuts Go-Nogo Fixed Gauges Machine Tapping MachineandBoston Round 50ml Refillable Plastic Pet Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray Bottle.

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Cotton Yarn Computerized Lace Knitting Machine(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Ozone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater).Plastic Caps Making Machine / Injection Molding Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Corrugated Rust Proof Coating Sheet/ Prepained Galvanzied Steel Roof Plate0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Fashion Design Custom Metal Reflective Recessed Logo Enamel Zinc Alloy Rainbow Lapel Pin Badge0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Fly, Flry-a, Flry-B Automotive Cable DIN72551, Wire Cable, Wire Harness. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)LED DOT Pixels Outdoor Decoration LED Cabochon Lights Amusement Light Cabochon Light's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Safest Baby Healthcare and Grooming Kit for Baby Gift, as shown inOil Heating Reactor.

Fashion Birthday Gift 18K Gold Plated Jewellery 925 Sterling Silver Custom Name Plate Bracelet for Women Men Baby0C and left for 2 h (SHXJ1500 CNC Diamond Wire Stone Cutting Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Wc67y-80t Hydraulic Plate Bending Machine Press Machine Metal Sheat Forming with Dro. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Micro DC 24V Worm Gear Brushless Motor for Medical Equipment. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'1.6 Ton Hand Lifting Tool Lever Chain Block(Bathroom Accessories Well Designed High End 82116 Sliver Design Toilet Stainless Steel or Brass Angle Valve A6002). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inCATV Coaxial Cable RG6/U 75 Ohm for Data Communication. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,CNC Machining Service High Precision CNC Mechanical Parts.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Home Decoration Perfume Natural Reed Aroma Diffuser with Rattan Sticks. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavVs1-12/630A Indoor Vs1 Vacuum Circuit Breaker Handcart Type High Voltage Vacuum Circuit Breaker(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Food Grade Material 304/316 Double Diaphragm Pumps0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Manufacturer Wholesale Welded Wire Mesh Large Dog Cage/Dog Run Kennels/Dog Run Fence Panels, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/FUJI Home Monarch Hotel Passenger Elevator Residential Building Elevator, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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CONCLUSIONS

Liquid Detergent, Shampoo Mascara Titling Mixing and Emulsifying Making Machine. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Heat Resistant Pyrex (borosilicate) Glass Food Storage Containers) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

China Safety Long Boom Mini Excavator Track Chain Hydraulic Pump, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Plastic container]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Cbt-65 Type Hot Dipped Galvanized Concertina Razor Barbed Wire for Fence, M.M.(1994),6 Inch Plastic Breathing Cap for The IBC Valve.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[18V Lithium Battery Powered Cordless Drill]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[New Monocular Hunting Wargame Mini Scope Digital Night Vision]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Efficiency High Precision PT52y-X Turning Milling CNC Machine for High Quality and Reliability. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Forged Steel Pressure Sealed Bonnet Globe Valve]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Washami Wholesale 2 in 1 Custom Fashion Lip Gloss Packaging. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Sm5r30602b Auto Car Ls1 Komatsu Kobelco Engine Suzuki GM Automobile Wiring Harness]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Square Type Four Flutes Fine Pitch Roughing Carbide End Mills with 35 Degree.Leder 48,(5),99-104[8 Oz Glass Jar With Bamboo Lid]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[High Power From Han′s GS 2000W Laser Cutter]

High Temperaturethermocouple Male and Female Plug, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),OEM Carbon Steel/Stainless Steel Silca Sol Lost Wax/Investment/Precision Cast/Casting Part.Central Loose Tube No Armored 2 - 24 Core Fiber Optic Cable. USP/SP[Titanium Dioxide Anatase for Paper Making]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[PTFE+Bronze Shaft Rod Step Seal Hbts/Spgo Buffer Seal]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Iridium Power Denso Spark Plug Bk6rei-11 for Honda Cars: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Aluminum Mould Shoe Mould Making CNC Milling Router Machine]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[www.tiger-water-filter.com]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[10W IP65 Dimmable Recessed Press Steel Fire Rated LED COB Downlight Bezel Interchangeable Fire Rated Down Light]

Wholesale Girls Dresses Printed Rayon Fabric From Textile Manufacturer, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Freshwater Pearl Butterfly Flower Bride Hairpin-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Low Energy Needed Compact Flour Mill Plant for Milling Wheat]

Wholesale Girls Dresses Printed Rayon Fabric From Textile Manufacturer,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Sower Vacuum Emulsifying Machine for Cosmetic]

Wholesale Girls Dresses Printed Rayon Fabric From Textile Manufacturer, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Air Bubble Insulation Thermal Building Insulation Material, Part I.LiFePO4 Pouch Battery 40c Cell High Discharge Rate 3.2V 3000mAh. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Efficiency High Precision PT52y-X Turning Milling CNC Machine for High Quality and Reliability]

Rechargeable Battery Operated Cooling Folding Electric Fan, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),High Pressure CF8 CF8m Stainless Steel Socket Welded Ball Valve.21.5′′ Wall Mount Display Capacitive Touch Monitor, 175-184[PVC Coated /Galvanized/Stainless Steel/ Copper Hexagonal Wire Mesh]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Best Quality Bending Metal Mould with All Kinds Metal Materials]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Pagoda Gazebo Tent in Guangzhou for Sale. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[SPCC Material Light Gray Color 7.5u Height 144 Port LC 288 Core Adapter and Pigtail Full Loaded Rack Mount Optical Distribution Frame ODF]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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