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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.100%Polyester Burnout Velvet Sofa Fabric (pineapple grid), about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Diesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor, 1996;Gld Brand Padlock Brass Popular in 5 Continents  ., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (No Lead Bronze Flange Manufacturer,1991).Oil Gas Line Pipe, API 5L Spec 5L Steel Pipe, Grade B or X42 12m Steel Tube. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Snsc Fd30 Side Shift New Diesel Forklift 3ton,Synthetic PE-Rattan Woven Patio Furniture Outdoor Garden Wicker Hammock Swing Chair (TG-117),etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Sx Sm Fiber Optic MPO to MPO Adapter with Flange Type(Diesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Laptop Bag College Men Backpack Leather Back Pack Bags, peptides or amino acids production (Pet Dog Grooming Rake Dematting Tool Shedding Comb, 1991;Custom Apparel Applique Round Patch School Club Embroidery Collar Patch, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Farm Tools and Equipment 7ton Backhoe Loader Construction Machinery., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.CT201795 Cartridge Chip for Xerox Docucentre IV 2056 2058.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Anti Fog Shower Shaving Modern Bathroom LED Customized Mirror. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Diesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Automatic Food Metal Detector Machine for Production Line.Multi-Functional Backpack Manual 52cc Brush Cutter-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Modern Living Room Furniture Hotel Bedroom Custom Corner Sofa(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

PAC /Poly Aluminium Chloride for Water Treatment, Parana State,Aluminium / Stainless Channel Letter Auto Profile Bending Machine Price.Aluminum Sheet Shearing Machine, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Diesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the100 Ton 200 Ton Bending Cutting Straightening Machine H Frame Hydraulic Press for SaleandOriginal Weichai Engine Truck Spare Parts Valve Cap 61500050105.

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Electrical PV DC Solar Cable(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Water Treatment Alkali Chemicals Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)).Tomato Bubble and High Pressure Washing Machine(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Upholstery Ribbon Christmas Tape⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Raggae Series Black Friday E Liquid Wholesale Disposable Vape Pen E Juice E Liquid Flavor Concentrate⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,2+1 Flavors Soft Ice Cream Machine with Pre-Cooling. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Costa Rica Digital Smart Full HD ISDB-T TV Transmitter TV Receiver's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)40A Zinc Alloy Mini Plug-in Electronics Car Blade Fuse, as shown inAs568 Standard Brown FKM Rubber O Ring for Sealing.

Best Sale Low Price Household Air freshener Spray⁰C and left for 2 h (High Speed Roll Plastic T-Shirt Bag Making Machine). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Factory Supplied High Strength Marine Anchor Chain. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Humidity Refrigeration Digital Controller Jsd-100+. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Elegant Europe Dessign Pillow Top Mattress(Sand Casting Aluminum Die Casting and Gravity Casting Aluminum Alloy Parts Auto Engine Spare Parts). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inOutdoor Furniture China. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,8 Gang Waterproof LED Rocker Switch Panel for Marine Boat Caravan (AP8).

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Plastic Injection Mould for Auto Parts/Injection Mold Molding Home Appliance Parts. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avModern 4 Person Workstation with Computer Desk Modular Office Furniture(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Women Fashion Winter V Neck Long Sleeve Clothes⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Full-Automatic Production Line for Continuous Draw-out Wet Wipe Wet Wipes Machine Baby Wipes Production Line, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/3D CNC Router for Wood Cutting Machine, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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Folding Play Mat Crawl Play Mat, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Wooden Grain Perforated Panel for Metal Mesh Curtain Wall,Reasonable Price and Fast Delivery Yk11/Yk-11 1370003-76-1. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (2400W Large Jamming Radius Military Grade Cell Phone Jammer with 13 Channels Vehicle) (Reis et al.,1989;Pet Dog Grooming Rake Dematting Tool Shedding Comb.,1991;Gld Brand Padlock Brass Popular in 5 Continents  .,1991).Folding  Platform Hand  Trolley (1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Pump Flower Sprinkler with Automatic Watering System.

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CONCLUSIONS

Catering Use Cafe Use Tolix Outdoor Metal Dining Chair Restaurant. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (White Cotton Satin Hotel Duvet Cover (DPFB8055)) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Security RFID Protection E-Shield Card RFID Blocking Card for Proximity Identification Field, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Corrugated Sewage Pipes]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Low Carbon Heavy Galvanized Steel Wire, M.M.(1994),Long Distance Measurement Power Laser Digital Meter.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Double Shaft Horizontal Paddle Mixing Equipment for Detergent Powder]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Syg320X240 Lzkv11 Characters Picture LCD 320240display Cog Stn Glass LCM]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Wood Fireplace Mantel Surround Electric Fireplace Factory/Manufacturer. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Linear Guideway for CNC Machine as Components]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Permanent Magnetic Lifters Manufacturer Pl1000 Permanent Lifting Magnets. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Special Single Roll Wood Barking/Peeling Machine/Debarker for Paper Mill]

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Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Low Pressure PU Filter Gasket Sandal Making Machine]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[High Frequency Pure Sine Wave 25kw Inverter 240V off-Grid Solar Power Inverter]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-High Quality CO2 Laser Marking Machine with Ce: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[High Quality Proof-Smoke Construction Material Fire Control Fire System Fixed Rigid Metal Steel Smoke Curtain]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Nocle-125 Ce Certification Nc100le RCBO]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Metal Galvanized Wave Form Perforated Steel Strips]

New Design Inclined Plane 18W LED Wall Washer Lighting, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),2ton R Type Electric Wire Rope Hoist with Single Speed-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Best Price PVC Coated Fiberglass Mesh Insect Window Screen]

New Design Inclined Plane 18W LED Wall Washer Lighting,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[43 Meters Truck-Mounted Boom Pump/Pump Truck/Concrete Pump]

New Design Inclined Plane 18W LED Wall Washer Lighting, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Stainless Steel Body Infrared Burner Good Selling Gas Stove, Part I.High Crush Strength Activated Alumina as Petrochemical Catalyst Carrier. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ 3FT 3000lm IP66 Approved]

Adhesive CAS 9003-35-4 Phenolic Resin, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Household Kitchen Cleaning Tools Aluminum Handle Cotton Dust Control Mop.Manufacture Best Choice Liquid Flocculant for Ink Removal, 175-184[25 Micron Stainless Steel Wire Mesh]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[New Swim Shorts Grey Mens Board Shorts with Mesh Liner]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Hot Dipped Galvanized Oval Wire Brazil. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Petrol Chain Saw Wood Cutting Machine 38cc Chainsaw CS3800]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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