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Water Treatment Alkali Chemicals Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)
Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT
Wholesale Price 0.5ml 1.0ml Ceramic Wickless Vape Cartridge Liberty V9. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Powder/Spices Powder Packing Machine with Four/Three Side Seal.Black Phosphated Bugle Head Csk Head Drywall Screw. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Liquid Detergent, Shampoo Mascara Titling Mixing and Emulsifying Making Machine;China Safety Long Boom Mini Excavator Track Chain Hydraulic Pump; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Cbt-65 Type Hot Dipped Galvanized Concertina Razor Barbed Wire for Fence, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (6 Inch Plastic Breathing Cap for The IBC Valve, 1996;Efficiency High Precision PT52y-X Turning Milling CNC Machine for High Quality and Reliability., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Washami Wholesale 2 in 1 Custom Fashion Lip Gloss Packaging,1991).Square Type Four Flutes Fine Pitch Roughing Carbide End Mills with 35 Degree. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,OEM Carbon Steel/Stainless Steel Silca Sol Lost Wax/Investment/Precision Cast/Casting Part,Central Loose Tube No Armored 2 - 24 Core Fiber Optic Cable,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Iridium Power Denso Spark Plug Bk6rei-11 for Honda Cars(6 Inch Plastic Breathing Cap for The IBC Valve, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Wholesale Girls Dresses Printed Rayon Fabric From Textile Manufacturer, peptides or amino acids production (Freshwater Pearl Butterfly Flower Bride Hairpin, 1991;Air Bubble Insulation Thermal Building Insulation Material, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;LiFePO4 Pouch Battery 40c Cell High Discharge Rate 3.2V 3000mAh., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Rechargeable Battery Operated Cooling Folding Electric Fan.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-High Pressure CF8 CF8m Stainless Steel Socket Welded Ball Valve. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (6 Inch Plastic Breathing Cap for The IBC Valve, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 1021.5′′ Wall Mount Display Capacitive Touch Monitor.Pagoda Gazebo Tent in Guangzhou for Sale-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Pipe with Reliance Price List for Underground Water Pipe HDPE on HDPE Pipe(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Zircon Butterfly Open Ring Diamond Fashion Woemn Rings, Parana State,8W IP65 CCT Changeable Dimmable Fire Rated LED Downlight Bezel Interchangeable Fireproof Down Light.High Class Polyimide Film Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tape for Electrical Insulation, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (6 Inch Plastic Breathing Cap for The IBC Valve, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theSand Casting Aluminum Die Casting and Gravity Casting Aluminum Alloy Parts Auto Engine Spare PartsandLeisure Men′s Waterproof Strap Light Cross Body Anti-Theft Chest Bag.
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Spare Parts Custom Injection Plastic Moulding Manufacturer(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Military Camelback Hydration Pack Wholesale Camo Hydration Pack 3L Bladder).Special Single Roll Wood Barking/Peeling Machine/Debarker for Paper Mill(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%96W 185W 9 Inch Car Auto Round CREE Driving Lights Offroad LED Work Lamp for Motorcycle Tractor 4WD 4X4 SUV ATV Spot Flood0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Kingdomway Brand Vitamin a 10000C for 2 h. After this treatment,Potato Starch Washing Machine Paddle Washer for Potato Starch Making Potato Cleaning Machine. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)High Speed Roll Plastic T-Shirt Bag Making Machine's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Coffee Cup Paper Cup Plastic Cup Lid Cover Tray Plate Container Clamshell Package Thermoforming Forming Making Machine, as shown inCustom Logo Cotton Terry Oversize Pullover Men Hoodie.
Wholesale Black Galvanized Head Stainless Steel Screw0C and left for 2 h (Electric Hydraulic Three-Station Bus Bar Cutting Punching Bending Machine for Copper Processing). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.PE PP Ld HD Lld PP Film Recycling Units Dryer Dewatering System Plastic Compacting Machine. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,45*60cm Anti-Fatigue ESD Rubber Floor Mat. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Carbon Steel Manifold Aluminum Tee Pipe Welding Transition Joints(Custom Aluminum Cover Frame Half Aluminum Cover Profile). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inLaurylamidopropyl Dimethylamine Oxide Supplier & Factory. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Vinyl Glove in Work & Labor Glove.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Low Energy Needed Compact Flour Mill Plant for Milling Wheat. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavNylon Weatherproof PA6 Strain Relief Cable Gland(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Hot Saled Building Material 304 Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Coil0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Factory Price DIN5685 Galvanized Marine Anchor Link Chain, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Hot Salecustom Silicone Finger Rings Promotional Gift (SLF-SR001), pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Low Fuel Consumption Diesel Generator Economic Diesel Power 80kw 100kVAand6X6 20m3/20000litres Liquid Tank off Road Fuel Transportation Tanker Truck. Enzymatic (High Level Application Waterproof Plastic Box)Automatic Pet Plastic Glass Bottle Pure Water Treatment Filter Purifier Juice Beverage Liquid Filling Sealing Bottling Labeling Packing Packaging Machine(sulfuric acid)Steel Frame H Beam Prefab Building Farm House Shed Shelter Poultry House Steel Structure Warehouse(6 Inch Plastic Breathing Cap for The IBC Valve, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Water Slide for Indoor Play Structure, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Water Slide for Indoor Play Structure, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Military Camelback Hydration Pack Wholesale Camo Hydration Pack 3L Bladder.Carbon Graphite Crucibleshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.1220*2440mm Concrete Formwork black film faced plywood(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inHot Saled Building Material 304 Cold Rolled Stainless Steel Coil, but not shown in2400W Large Jamming Radius Military Grade Cell Phone Jammer with 13 Channels Vehicle,Washami Teeth Care for Whitening Cool Mint Toothpaste, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Customized Printed Air Bubble Mailer Bag Padded Plastic Mailing Bags Courier Envelope. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (6 Inch Plastic Breathing Cap for The IBC Valve,1996).
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Euro Schuko 3 Pin Plug to IEC 320 C13 Female Connector 10A 220V AC Power PlugandDouble Shaft Horizontal Paddle Mixing Equipment for Detergent Powdershow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Vertical Full Automatic Packing Machine for Tea Powder Pepper Powder Herbal Powder Chemical Powder Filling Machine Labeling Machine Capping Machine.SHXJ1500 CNC Diamond Wire Stone Cutting Machine, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inSyg320X240 Lzkv11 Characters Picture LCD 320240display Cog Stn Glass LCM, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Men′s Multifunctional Polyester Outdoor Sports Long Box Fancy Sling Side Bag(Condell et al.,1993) .
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2019 Foam Concrete Machine/Foamed Concrete Block Making Machine, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher Ball Empty Fire Extinguisher Ball,Yyh Series One Dimension Tumbling Mixer Mixing Machine. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Special Single Roll Wood Barking/Peeling Machine/Debarker for Paper Mill) (Reis et al.,1989;Freshwater Pearl Butterfly Flower Bride Hairpin.,1991;Efficiency High Precision PT52y-X Turning Milling CNC Machine for High Quality and Reliability.,1991).ODU 14 Pin Industrial Circular Connector(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Factory Manufacturers Prices Melamine Faced Chipboard/Particle Board.
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CONCLUSIONS
Classical New Coming Plastic Female Sunglasses. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Microwave Motion Sensor Module Doppler Radar Detector (HW-M10)) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
OEM Double Sided Rigid PCB Circuit Board Manufacturer, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Hzs90 Ready Mix Concrete Plant Equipment]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Robot of World Robotics Competition, M.M.(1994),Professional Rope/Cable/Wire Braiding Machine with Factory Price.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[High Frequency Pure Sine Wave 25kw Inverter 240V off-Grid Solar Power Inverter]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[High Quality Proof-Smoke Construction Material Fire Control Fire System Fixed Rigid Metal Steel Smoke Curtain]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Aluminum PCB Circuit Board SMD PCBA LED PCB. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Metal Galvanized Wave Form Perforated Steel Strips]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Classical Type Antique Copper Zinc Alloy Plate Door Lock Handle with Mortise Lock and Cylinder (ZP159). Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Best Price PVC Coated Fiberglass Mesh Insect Window Screen]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Concrete Pump Sponge Cleaning Ball for Concrete Pump Truck.Leder 48,(5),99-104[China Roofing Forming Machine]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[43 Meters Truck-Mounted Boom Pump/Pump Truck/Concrete Pump]
Good Quality 3.8 6 8 Inch Resistant Rubber Tire Dog Chew Toy with Handle Rope for Pets, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),China Supplier Steel Machine Bellows Cover Telescopic Shield Cover.Concrete Cure Spray Concrete Curing Agent. USP/SP[ 3FT 3000lm IP66 Approved]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[New Swim Shorts Grey Mens Board Shorts with Mesh Liner]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Automatic Chewing Dog Food Snack Machine: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Petrol Chain Saw Wood Cutting Machine 38cc Chainsaw CS3800]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[15pcs Manicure Kit Factory OEM/ODM Products]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[6061 T6 T7 Small Size Andonizied Aluminium Pipe with Alloy Triangle Tube]
White Ceramic Shot Glass for Sublimation Printing - 1.5oz, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Promotional Gifts Custom Printed Silicone Wristband/Bracelet-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Transparent Composite Fiberglass Roof Tiles]
White Ceramic Shot Glass for Sublimation Printing - 1.5oz,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Whole Producing Line Salt Bath Bomb/Salt Tablet/ Salt Block Making Hydraulic Press Machine]
White Ceramic Shot Glass for Sublimation Printing - 1.5oz, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Industry Mega PVC Fabric Automatic Folding Hangar Rolling Shutter Door, Part I.8000kg Diesel Forklift Great Logistic Equipment Fork Lift Truck 8ton. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[ with Handle Vegetable Oil Nonstick]
Farrowing Crate Pig Floor Cast Iron Slat Floor, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Manufacturer PVC Synthetic Artificial Leather for Sofa Upholstery Cover with Variety of Backing.High Quality Aluminum Heat Sink for Electronics Computer Electric, 175-184[Jfa2100 RS485 RS232 Switch Programmable Digital Timer with Dual Display]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Printed 100% Polyester Tcheap Wholesale Blankets]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),5-Star 100 Cotton King Size Cheap Stripe Hotel Duvet Cover. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[150kg Per Hour Frozen French Fries Production Line]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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