ARTICLES

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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
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ABSTRACT

Silicone Pot Holders, Trivet Mat, Spoon Rest, Jar Opener, Garlic Peeler, Non-Slip High Heat Resistant Hot Pads. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Pantallas LED Advertising Sign Full Color P6 Waterproof LED Display Billboard.Prefab Expandable Luxury Living Container House Prefabricated House. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Movable Partition Walls for Room Division, Hotel and Shopping Mall;Carboxy Terminal Collagen Crosslinks Elisa Kits; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Various Colors Nylon and Stainless Steel Kitchen Tools, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials, 1996;Metal Separating Gold Brass Zippers for Sale., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate,1991).OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,BA Finished Seamless Stainless Steel Tube (304, 304L, 316, 316L),Wood Debarker, Tree Shaving Machine, Tree Peeling Machine for Paper Making,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,79/1000fhv Fuel Filter Electric Fuel Pump Oil Water Separators for Yanmar(355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Two Roll Rubber & Plastic Mixing Mills Tire Machine, peptides or amino acids production (5PCS Travel Mini Eye Makeup Brushes Set Eyebrow Brush Make up Brushes, 1991;Hot Sale 25kw Grid Tied Home Solar Panel System Kit, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Mini Car Portable Fridge 10L Mini Fridge., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Slide Table High-Speed Mute Aluminum Alloy Bearing Steel 3D Printing Stroke.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Mini Small Garden Excavator Digging Work. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Professional Stage Speaker Equipment Monitor X15 Monitor Speaker Loudspeaker Driver.Offshore Drilling Platform Air Winch for Marine Oilfields-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Mass Stock Yl10.2 Carbide Rods for Milling 45HRC(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Plastic Blow Molding Machine, Jar Blower, Jar Blow Molding Machine, Perfroms Blow Moulding Machine, Parana State,Plastic 3D Printing Service, Cheap Plastic Injection Molding PLA 3D Printing Service for Rapid Prototyping Services.Needlle Punched Pet/PP 200G/M2 Non Woven Geotextile, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theStainless Steel Cheese Making Machine ElectricandSofa Materials PU Leather with Flock Backing.

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Metal Gold Marathon Running Sport Medal for Promotion Gift(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Ce Quickclean Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Osteoarthritis Pain).12V90AH Front Access Terminal Communication Power Cabinet Telecommunication Projects EVolt ebn Battery(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Security Shopping Trolley Baby Seat for Supermarket Cart⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Desktop & Walmount Workstation with Gas Lift Floorbase Double Monitor 10-24⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Minimalism Small Portable Laser Engraver Fiber for Metal Plastic Key Gun Rubber PVC Glass Yeti Cup. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Indoor Decorative 3D Vision Artistic Effect Wall/Ceiling Background LED Panel's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine, as shown inStainless Steel Clarifier Tank for Water Treatment.

Customized Cheap Interlocking Rubber Paver or Flooring for Crossfit Gym Use⁰C and left for 2 h (Honeyson Safe Lock Hotel Equipment Service Deposit Safety Box Ce). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Manual Foot Pedal Hydraulic Pump. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,860~960MHz UHF RFID Adhesive Tag/Sticker/Wet Inlay/ Long Range Logistic Tag. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Hot Sale High Quality Rimless New Italy Design Titanium Eyeglasses for Business Men and Women(Test Inspect High Precision Nuts Go-Nogo Fixed Gauges Machine Tapping Machine). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B in10m 12m 70W 80W 90W 100W LED Solar Street Light. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH402.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%China Cast Steel Wafer Butterfly Valve Pn16 Dn150 Factory. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avDisposable Precision Infusion Set with Filter and Needle for Single Use(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Tb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Stainless Steel Mechanic Parts for Lock Accessories with MIM Process, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/High-Speed 4K Male to Female HDMI Extension Cable 3FT/6FT/10FT/15FT, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Boston Round 50ml Refillable Plastic Pet Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray BottleandMining Machinery Sand Vibrating Sieve for River Sand. Enzymatic (Straight-Through Medium Flange Hard-Sealed Z41h Gate Valve)PRO Audio Loudspeaker PA Speaker System Line Array Speaker(sulfuric acid)Palet Coil Nail Welding Machine/Nail Making Machine(355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper A3A4 Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper Fluting Paper Corrugated Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper A3A4 Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper Fluting Paper Corrugated Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

High Quality MPO Singlemode Duplex Fiber Optic Adapter.Best Sale Low Price Household Air freshener Sprayshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Hotel Bedding(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inOzone Generator for Sale/Swimming Pool/Hospitals/Hotels/Wastewater, but not shown inOil Heating Reactor,Supplier V Wedge Wire Johnson Water Well Screen, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Clear Black Empty 15ml 30ml 50ml 100ml Frosted White Square Glass Perfume Bottles. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

Supreme 524 Mv Sea Kayak. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (A100-T32-S2-C 2 Way 1 1/4′′ SS316 Electric Control Water Ball Valve) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Trunk Organizer Foldable Water Proof, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Hot Sale High Efficiency Scc780 Water-Based Green Cutting Fluid From China Supplier]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,100%Polyester Burnout Velvet Sofa Fabric (pineapple grid), M.M.(1994),Diesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[High Quality and Lowest Price of Crr920 Common Rail Injector Repair Kits to Meet Stage]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Hot Sale Wood Grain Decorative Paper for Laminated Door/ Melamine Paper for MDF]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Gld Brand Padlock Brass Popular in 5 Continents  . Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[from China to Mexico Ciudad del Carmen reliable low cost Air Logistics Freight Shipping Forwarder]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),No Lead Bronze Flange Manufacturer. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[High Speed Cable Wire Winding Braiding Machine]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Oil Gas Line Pipe, API 5L Spec 5L Steel Pipe, Grade B or X42 12m Steel Tube.Leder 48,(5),99-104[304 Stainless Steel Pipe Specifications]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Custom Size Christmas Gift Personalized Watch Boxes for Men]

Single Stage High Speed Fruit and Vegetable Pulping Machine, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Snsc Fd30 Side Shift New Diesel Forklift 3ton.Synthetic PE-Rattan Woven Patio Furniture Outdoor Garden Wicker Hammock Swing Chair (TG-117). USP/SP[IMTEK High Precision and Rigidity Linear Guides for CNC machinery]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[18V Lithium Battery Powered Cordless Drill]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Sx Sm Fiber Optic MPO to MPO Adapter with Flange Type: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[New Monocular Hunting Wargame Mini Scope Digital Night Vision]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[16mm Hot Dipped Galvanized Joining Rural/Farm Fittings Pins]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Forged Steel Pressure Sealed Bonnet Globe Valve]

Laptop Bag College Men Backpack Leather Back Pack Bags, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Pet Dog Grooming Rake Dematting Tool Shedding Comb-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Sm5r30602b Auto Car Ls1 Komatsu Kobelco Engine Suzuki GM Automobile Wiring Harness]

Laptop Bag College Men Backpack Leather Back Pack Bags,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Power From Han′s GS 2000W Laser Cutter]

Laptop Bag College Men Backpack Leather Back Pack Bags, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Custom Apparel Applique Round Patch School Club Embroidery Collar Patch, Part I.Farm Tools and Equipment 7ton Backhoe Loader Construction Machinery. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Titanium Dioxide Anatase for Paper Making]

CT201795 Cartridge Chip for Xerox Docucentre IV 2056 2058, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Anti Fog Shower Shaving Modern Bathroom LED Customized Mirror.Automatic Food Metal Detector Machine for Production Line, 175-184[Mill Test Certificate for 40X40X4 Ms Gi Mild Equan and Unequal Steel Angle Bar Prices]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[PTFE+Bronze Shaft Rod Step Seal Hbts/Spgo Buffer Seal]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Multi-Functional Backpack Manual 52cc Brush Cutter. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Aluminum Mould Shoe Mould Making CNC Milling Router Machine]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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