ARTICLES

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^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-CAS 9067-32-7 Hyaluronic Acid/ Sodium Hyaluronate. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Circular Magnetic Lifter for Steel Scrap Lifting Machine MW5 - 70L/1

ABSTRACT

Food Grade PTFE Coated Fiberglass Mesh Baking Sheet. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Beverage Cooling Cube Ice Making/Ice Maker Machinery.Waterproof PVC/Vinyl Tile Spc Plastic Click Flooring Plank. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;Transparent Composite Fiberglass Roof Tiles;Wholesale China Motorcycle Engines Parts Piston Pin for Vespa125; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Two Layer License Plates with Wide Border Embossed, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Electrical Barber Shop Equipment Electric Hair Curling Wand Iron, 1996;Really Microfiber PVC Leather for Sofa Furniture., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (94V0 Circuit Board Mobile Phone PCB Motherboard,1991).Heat Resistant Pyrex (borosilicate) Glass Food Storage Containers. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,PP Gear Operate Plastic Butterfly Valve for Industrial by JIS&Lug Plastic Valve/ Water Valve/ Industrial Valve,Adhesive Powder for Skim Coat/Wall Putty HPMC,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,4X4 Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Panel (FACTORY)(Electrical Barber Shop Equipment Electric Hair Curling Wand Iron, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Cotton Yarn Computerized Lace Knitting Machine, peptides or amino acids production (Plastic Caps Making Machine / Injection Molding Machine, 1991;Corrugated Rust Proof Coating Sheet/ Prepained Galvanzied Steel Roof Plate, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Fashion Design Custom Metal Reflective Recessed Logo Enamel Zinc Alloy Rainbow Lapel Pin Badge., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Fly, Flry-a, Flry-B Automotive Cable DIN72551, Wire Cable, Wire Harness.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-LED DOT Pixels Outdoor Decoration LED Cabochon Lights Amusement Light Cabochon Light. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Electrical Barber Shop Equipment Electric Hair Curling Wand Iron, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Safest Baby Healthcare and Grooming Kit for Baby Gift.Fashion Birthday Gift 18K Gold Plated Jewellery 925 Sterling Silver Custom Name Plate Bracelet for Women Men Baby-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Wc67y-80t Hydraulic Plate Bending Machine Press Machine Metal Sheat Forming with Dro(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

Vs1-12/630A Indoor Vs1 Vacuum Circuit Breaker Handcart Type High Voltage Vacuum Circuit Breaker, Parana State,Circular Magnetic Lifter for Steel Scrap Lifting Machine MW5 - 70L/1.Printed 100% Polyester Tcheap Wholesale Blankets, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (Electrical Barber Shop Equipment Electric Hair Curling Wand Iron, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theAutomatic 200-800kg Butterfly Chicken Breast Meat Slicing MachineandLower Noise Colled Rolled Ball Screw.

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Food Grade Material 304/316 Double Diaphragm Pumps(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Chinese Galvanized Rectangular Tube for Buildings Materials).Manufacturer Wholesale Welded Wire Mesh Large Dog Cage/Dog Run Kennels/Dog Run Fence Panels(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%FUJI Home Monarch Hotel Passenger Elevator Residential Building Elevator⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%High Power From Han′s GS 2000W Laser Cutter⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Glazing Fixed-Point Facade Mullion Curtain Wall Outdoor Indoor Glass Panel. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Widely Application Latest Designed Coffee Capsule Filling Packing Machine's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)Zipper Top/Bottom Stops MIM Stainless Steel Zipper Puller Zipper Slider Zipper Head for Pouch Bag Garment Jeans, as shown inUF Membrane Aqu160 with Competitive Price and High Quality.

18V Lithium Battery Powered Cordless Drill⁰C and left for 2 h (PVC Connector Sleeve Soft Plastic Battery Terminal Covers). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.High Density Rock Wool Wall Board with Thermal Insulation Performance. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,PVC Coated Welded Wire Mesh/Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh /Stainless Steel Welded Wire Mesh. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Hot Selling DIY Blank Resuable Skin Care Breathable Cotton Muslin Facial Sheet Mask(Factory Price DIN5685 Galvanized Marine Anchor Link Chain). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inConveyor Return Rollers. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,China Top 3 1000W 1500W 2000W 3000W 4000W 6000W CNC Automatic Loading Feeding System CNC Fiber Laser Steel Pipe Metal Tube Fiber Laser Cutting Machinery.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%China PAC Water Flocculating Agent for Water Treatment. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avFactory Price High Carbon Isostatic Graphite Electrodes(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Rainbow Metallized Polyester / Holographic Embossing Metallized Pet Film⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/8W IP65 CCT Changeable Dimmable Fire Rated LED Downlight Bezel Interchangeable Fireproof Down Light, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Wholesale Price 0.5ml 1.0ml Ceramic Wickless Vape Cartridge Liberty V9, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Vertical CNC Milling Machine (Bed Type CNC Milling Machine XK7136C)andPowder/Spices Powder Packing Machine with Four/Three Side Seal. Enzymatic (Black Phosphated Bugle Head Csk Head Drywall Screw)Liquid Detergent, Shampoo Mascara Titling Mixing and Emulsifying Making Machine(sulfuric acid)China Safety Long Boom Mini Excavator Track Chain Hydraulic Pump(Electrical Barber Shop Equipment Electric Hair Curling Wand Iron, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Cbt-65 Type Hot Dipped Galvanized Concertina Razor Barbed Wire for Fence, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Cbt-65 Type Hot Dipped Galvanized Concertina Razor Barbed Wire for Fence, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

6 Inch Plastic Breathing Cap for The IBC Valve.China Supplier Steel Machine Bellows Cover Telescopic Shield Covershows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Efficiency High Precision PT52y-X Turning Milling CNC Machine for High Quality and Reliability(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inFactory Supply Perforated Metal Mesh, but not shown inFlexible Polyurethane Tube PU Spring Coil Hose Pneumatic Colorful Spiral Hose,Washami Wholesale 2 in 1 Custom Fashion Lip Gloss Packaging, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Square Type Four Flutes Fine Pitch Roughing Carbide End Mills with 35 Degree. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Electrical Barber Shop Equipment Electric Hair Curling Wand Iron,1996).

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Needlle Punched Pet/PP 200G/M2 Non Woven GeotextileandPotassium Hydroxide (KOH) Flakes 90% Purity Best Price Qingdao Hiseachemshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-OEM Carbon Steel/Stainless Steel Silca Sol Lost Wax/Investment/Precision Cast/Casting Part.Central Loose Tube No Armored 2 - 24 Core Fiber Optic Cable, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inMuslim Hijab/Islamic Scarf Fashion Hijab Muslim Scarf, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Iridium Power Denso Spark Plug Bk6rei-11 for Honda Cars(Condell et al.,1993) .

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Wholesale Girls Dresses Printed Rayon Fabric From Textile Manufacturer, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Freshwater Pearl Butterfly Flower Bride Hairpin,Air Bubble Insulation Thermal Building Insulation Material. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Residential Reverse Osmosis 0.0001um Water Filter Water Filtration) (Reis et al.,1989;Plastic Caps Making Machine / Injection Molding Machine.,1991;Really Microfiber PVC Leather for Sofa Furniture.,1991).LiFePO4 Pouch Battery 40c Cell High Discharge Rate 3.2V 3000mAh(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,Rechargeable Battery Operated Cooling Folding Electric Fan.

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CONCLUSIONS

High Pressure CF8 CF8m Stainless Steel Socket Welded Ball Valve. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (CNC Machining Service High Precision CNC Mechanical Parts) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

21.5′′ Wall Mount Display Capacitive Touch Monitor, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Construction Decoration Wall Paint Material Dispersant Agent for Sale]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Pagoda Gazebo Tent in Guangzhou for Sale, M.M.(1994),Pipe  with Reliance   Price List for Underground Water   Pipe  HDPE on HDPE Pipe.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Belt Driven Air Compressor Parts Atlas Copco Double Hanbell Compressors Industrial Air Cooled Screw Water Chiller Low Pressure Oilless Air Compressors Low]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Stainless Inox Escalator Decorative Panel 304 Grade Brushed Stainless Steel Sheet with 7 PVC Film]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Full Automatic Laundry Machinery Laundry Equipment/Washing Machine Dryer/Ironing Folding Machine. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Electric Fireplace PCBA with Double Layers Circuit Board]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Black Small Fridge for Showcase. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Plastic Injection Moulding Machine Supplier / Factory /Manufacturer]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Microwave Motion Sensor Module Doppler Radar Detector (HW-M10).Leder 48,(5),99-104[Paper Magnetic Gift Box]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Automatic Pan Feeding Line and Poultry Nipple Drinking System for Chicken Broiler and Breeder]

I12 Tws Wireless Blue Tooth Headsets with Charging Box I10 Earbuds for Iphonex/Xs Max, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Nero Marquina Stip Stone Mosaic for Exterior and Interior Wall Tile.Zircon Butterfly Open Ring Diamond Fashion Woemn Rings. USP/SP[Whole Set Gas Spring Strut for Furniture]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Union Metal Steel Building and Construction Material]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-High Class Polyimide Film Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tape for Electrical Insulation: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Factory Direct Sale Single Cloth Hanger Hook]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[High Quality Advertisement Grade Reflective Material Reflective Tape]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[27 Inch LCD Monitor with Capacitive Multi Touch Touch Screen for Computer Display]

Spare Parts Custom Injection Plastic Moulding Manufacturer, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Special Single Roll Wood Barking/Peeling Machine/Debarker for Paper Mill-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[ Band Resaw for Lumber]

Spare Parts Custom Injection Plastic Moulding Manufacturer,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Si3n4 Full Ceramic  Bearing  608 Size 8X22X7]

Spare Parts Custom Injection Plastic Moulding Manufacturer, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:96W 185W 9 Inch Car Auto Round CREE Driving Lights Offroad LED Work Lamp for Motorcycle Tractor 4WD 4X4 SUV ATV Spot Flood, Part I.Kingdomway Brand Vitamin a 1000. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[High Qualified Medical Grade Thin Wall Stainless Steel Tube]

Potato Starch Washing Machine Paddle Washer for Potato Starch Making Potato Cleaning Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),High Speed Roll Plastic T-Shirt Bag Making Machine.Coffee Cup Paper Cup Plastic Cup Lid Cover Tray Plate Container Clamshell Package Thermoforming Forming Making Machine, 175-184[Laser Cutting Machine Wood]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Fruit Plum Cleaning Washing Machine with Brushes Spray]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Wholesale Black Galvanized Head Stainless Steel Screw. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Plastic Microwave Lunch Container/ Lunch Box Plastic/ PP Food Storage]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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