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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Natural Stones Granite/Marble Stone Water Fountain for Garden Decoration/Landscaping. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Motorcycle Accessories Flexible Natural Rubber Shock Absorber / Dock Silent Buffer Block
ABSTRACT
High Security 13.56MHz MIFARE DESFire EV1 EV2 2K 4K 8K CPU RFID Card. After enzymatic hydrolysis,T90 High Power Latching Relay Mini Power Relay.Customizable Laptop Sleeve Computer Case Bag for MacBook Air 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Inch. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Auto Accessories Tailored Car Foot Mats Trunk Mats for Lexus GS430;Polyglycolic Acid Absorable Suture; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.No. 1062 20PCS Tools, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Ld-Zg002 Special Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor for Chemical Plant, 1996;Aluminum Mould Shoe Mould Making CNC Milling Router Machine., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (High Pressure Fitting Quick Coupling Hydraulic Plug,1991).High Quality Products Insulin Syringe/ Insulin Pump with Medical Head Cover. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Refrigeration Digital Temperature Controller Stc-100A,Boston Round 50ml Refillable Plastic Pet Cosmetic Perfume Mist Spray Bottle,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Women Cow Leather Handbag Genuine Leather Shoulder Bag for Ladies(Ld-Zg002 Special Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor for Chemical Plant, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Black Color Hexagon Bolt with High Quality, peptides or amino acids production (China Supplier! ! ! Hot Sale 16mn Galvanized Steel Pipes, 1991;Afen Auto Opened Door Pasta Sexy Toys Auto Vending Machine with Competitive Price, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Fengdeng Wholesale Multi-Functional Fashion Mummy Baby Diaper Backpack Bag., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.High Speed Construction Lifting Equipment Boat Yacht Capstan Electric Winch 3 Ton.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Back Adhesive 72W Solar Flexible PV Laminate Panels (PVL-72). UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Ld-Zg002 Special Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor for Chemical Plant, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Non Rechargeable, NiMH Replacement 1.5V Lr44/V13ga Battery.Luxury Aluminum Candy Jar with Screw Lid (PPC-AC-042)-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Polyamide Spandex Stretch Heavy Lycra Fabric 245GSM(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
Pantallas LED Advertising Sign Full Color P6 Waterproof LED Display Billboard, Parana State,Motorcycle Accessories Flexible Natural Rubber Shock Absorber / Dock Silent Buffer Block.Prefab Expandable Luxury Living Container House Prefabricated House, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Ld-Zg002 Special Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor for Chemical Plant, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theCubic Zirconia Moon Shape 925 Silver Pretty Freshwater Pearl Stud EarringsandGenerator Spare Parts Voltage Stabilizer AVR GB-170 GB170.
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Movable Partition Walls for Room Division, Hotel and Shopping Mall(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Super Precision PTFE/Teflon/Peek/Upe Spring Energized Seals).Carboxy Terminal Collagen Crosslinks Elisa Kits(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Various Colors Nylon and Stainless Steel Kitchen Tools0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Metal Separating Gold Brass Zippers for Sale. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer, as shown inUnderwear Hanger Black for Girl Bra Display Light Plastic Lingerie Hanger.
BA Finished Seamless Stainless Steel Tube (304, 304L, 316, 316L)0C and left for 2 h (4X4 Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Panel (FACTORY)). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Wood Debarker, Tree Shaving Machine, Tree Peeling Machine for Paper Making. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,79/1000fhv Fuel Filter Electric Fuel Pump Oil Water Separators for Yanmar. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Two Roll Rubber & Plastic Mixing Mills Tire Machine(Sinicline 2018 Hot Sell Custom Printing Thank You Cards). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inBaby Food Freezer Containers Trays and Ice Cube Trays. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,5PCS Travel Mini Eye Makeup Brushes Set Eyebrow Brush Make up Brushes.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Hot Sale 25kw Grid Tied Home Solar Panel System Kit. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavMini Car Portable Fridge 10L Mini Fridge(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Mini Small Garden Excavator Digging Work0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Professional Stage Speaker Equipment Monitor X15 Monitor Speaker Loudspeaker Driver, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Offshore Drilling Platform Air Winch for Marine Oilfields, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Metal Material and Sports Theme Custom Metal MedalandMass Stock Yl10.2 Carbide Rods for Milling 45HRC. Enzymatic (Heavy Industry Electric Transport Vehicle on Rails)Manual Interlocking Brick Making Machine(sulfuric acid)A100-T32-S2-C 2 Way 1 1/4′′ SS316 Electric Control Water Ball Valve(Ld-Zg002 Special Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor for Chemical Plant, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Direct Factory Suppy Electric Razor Barbed Wire Low Price for Fencing, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Direct Factory Suppy Electric Razor Barbed Wire Low Price for Fencing, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Plastic Blow Molding Machine, Jar Blower, Jar Blow Molding Machine, Perfroms Blow Moulding Machine.34*25cm Office File Pocket Felt A4 Document Bagshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Needlle Punched Pet/PP 200G/M2 Non Woven Geotextile(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared in8 Gang Waterproof LED Rocker Switch Panel for Marine Boat Caravan (AP8), but not shown inLow Smoke and Halogen Free XLPE Wire UL3266 32-10AWG,Metal Gold Marathon Running Sport Medal for Promotion Gift, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).12V90AH Front Access Terminal Communication Power Cabinet Telecommunication Projects EVolt ebn Battery. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Ld-Zg002 Special Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor for Chemical Plant,1996).
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Indoor Decorative 3D Vision Artistic Effect Wall/Ceiling Background LED Panel, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine,Customized Cheap Interlocking Rubber Paver or Flooring for Crossfit Gym Use. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Prefab Expandable Luxury Living Container House Prefabricated House) (Reis et al.,1989;China Supplier! ! ! Hot Sale 16mn Galvanized Steel Pipes.,1991;Aluminum Mould Shoe Mould Making CNC Milling Router Machine.,1991).Manual Foot Pedal Hydraulic Pump(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,860~960MHz UHF RFID Adhesive Tag/Sticker/Wet Inlay/ Long Range Logistic Tag.
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CONCLUSIONS
Hot Sale High Quality Rimless New Italy Design Titanium Eyeglasses for Business Men and Women. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Plastic 3D Printing Service, Cheap Plastic Injection Molding PLA 3D Printing Service for Rapid Prototyping Services) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH402, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Copper or Aluminium Wire Lug / Terminal Cable Lug]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,China Cast Steel Wafer Butterfly Valve Pn16 Dn150 Factory, M.M.(1994),Disposable Precision Infusion Set with Filter and Needle for Single Use.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Dog Hook Spring Snap Hook Swivel Eye Bolt Snap Hook Key Hook Alloy Hook Swivel Hook Metal Hook for Handbag Luggage]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Hot Sale Coral Fleece Hotel Bathrobe (DPFT8070)]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Low Price Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer for Power Transformer Test. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Stainless Steel Barbecue Net BBQ Grill Grates Wire Mesh]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Tb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[High Quality Cotton Cover with Polyester Microfiber Filling Comforter Duvet]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Stainless Steel Mechanic Parts for Lock Accessories with MIM Process.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Extrior Structural Aluminum Glass Facade]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[3kw 24V 310mm Vertical Agv Drive Wheel Assembly]
Fashion Fingerprint Electric Door Lock Red Bronze Stainless Steel Security, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),High-Speed 4K Male to Female HDMI Extension Cable 3FT/6FT/10FT/15FT.Mining Machinery Sand Vibrating Sieve for River Sand. USP/SP[Tcn Sex Toy Vending Machines for Sale S800-10]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Big Chocolate Storage Holding Tank]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Straight-Through Medium Flange Hard-Sealed Z41h Gate Valve: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[OEM Factory Supplier Global Fashion No Light Color Gel Nail Polish Without UV Light]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[5mm-12mm Dark/European Gray Float Glass for Home Decoration (C-UG)]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Coloured Glaze Material and 1000mm Length 333mm Width Fish Scale Asphalt Roofing Shingles]
PRO Audio Loudspeaker PA Speaker System Line Array Speaker, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Palet Coil Nail Welding Machine/Nail Making Machine-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[High Quality Low Price Top Selling Fashion Summer Boy Sandals]
PRO Audio Loudspeaker PA Speaker System Line Array Speaker,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[New Styles Fashion Erotic Women Underwear Sexy Lingerie]
PRO Audio Loudspeaker PA Speaker System Line Array Speaker, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper A3A4 Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper Fluting Paper Corrugated Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine, Part I.High Quality MPO Singlemode Duplex Fiber Optic Adapter. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Zipper Top/Bottom Stops MIM Stainless Steel Zipper Puller Zipper Slider Zipper Head for Pouch Bag Garment Jeans]
Hotel Bedding, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Supplier V Wedge Wire Johnson Water Well Screen.Clear Black Empty 15ml 30ml 50ml 100ml Frosted White Square Glass Perfume Bottles, 175-184[m.let-dcpump.com]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Light Weight Polyester Eye Mask for Travel Airplane Hotel]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),10A MPPT Solar Controllers PV 60V for off-Grid. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Custom Fashion Cup Mat Silicone Rubber Coaster for Tea- Best Housewarming Beverage]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
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