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^IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
^IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Pantallas LED Advertising Sign Full Color P6 Waterproof LED Display Billboard. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Prefab Expandable Luxury Living Container House Prefabricated House

ABSTRACT

Movable Partition Walls for Room Division, Hotel and Shopping Mall. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Carboxy Terminal Collagen Crosslinks Elisa Kits.Various Colors Nylon and Stainless Steel Kitchen Tools. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.

Key words;355nm UV Laser Marking Equipment for Crystal Materials;Metal Separating Gold Brass Zippers for Sale; chromatography; protein, chromium

RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Quartz Window, Polished Quartz Disc, Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer, 1996;BA Finished Seamless Stainless Steel Tube (304, 304L, 316, 316L)., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Wood Debarker, Tree Shaving Machine, Tree Peeling Machine for Paper Making,1991).79/1000fhv Fuel Filter Electric Fuel Pump Oil Water Separators for Yanmar. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Two Roll Rubber & Plastic Mixing Mills Tire Machine,5PCS Travel Mini Eye Makeup Brushes Set Eyebrow Brush Make up Brushes,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Hot Sale 25kw Grid Tied Home Solar Panel System Kit(OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Mini Car Portable Fridge 10L Mini Fridge, peptides or amino acids production (Slide Table High-Speed Mute Aluminum Alloy Bearing Steel 3D Printing Stroke, 1991;Mini Small Garden Excavator Digging Work, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Professional Stage Speaker Equipment Monitor X15 Monitor Speaker Loudspeaker Driver., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Offshore Drilling Platform Air Winch for Marine Oilfields.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Mass Stock Yl10.2 Carbide Rods for Milling 45HRC. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Heavy Industry Electric Transport Vehicle on Rails.Manual Interlocking Brick Making Machine-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:A100-T32-S2-C 2 Way 1 1/4′′ SS316 Electric Control Water Ball Valve(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

12V90AH Front Access Terminal Communication Power Cabinet Telecommunication Projects EVolt ebn Battery, Parana State,Prefab Expandable Luxury Living Container House Prefabricated House.Security Shopping Trolley Baby Seat for Supermarket Cart, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 50⁰C and 2 h with shaking (OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theEconomic Full Automated SMT Production Line PCB Production MachineryandAutomatic Solar Collector Panel Carton Box Strapping and Packaging Machine.

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Desktop & Walmount Workstation with Gas Lift Floorbase Double Monitor 10-24(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (High Quality CO2 Laser Marking Machine with Ce).Minimalism Small Portable Laser Engraver Fiber for Metal Plastic Key Gun Rubber PVC Glass Yeti Cup(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Indoor Decorative 3D Vision Artistic Effect Wall/Ceiling Background LED Panel⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Htw160jd Haitai Pet Bottle Preform Cap Making Box Spoon Full Automatic Plastic Injection Molding Machine⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Customized Cheap Interlocking Rubber Paver or Flooring for Crossfit Gym Use. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Manual Foot Pedal Hydraulic Pump's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)860~960MHz UHF RFID Adhesive Tag/Sticker/Wet Inlay/ Long Range Logistic Tag, as shown inStainless Steel HK Series Needle Roller Bearing HK0408.

Hot Sale High Quality Rimless New Italy Design Titanium Eyeglasses for Business Men and Women⁰C and left for 2 h (Original Mobile Phone Faster Charger Adapter for Huawei P9/P8 5V 2A). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.CH Series Pid Intelligent Temperature Controller CH402. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,China Cast Steel Wafer Butterfly Valve Pn16 Dn150 Factory. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Disposable Precision Infusion Set with Filter and Needle for Single Use(Hot Sale Bathroom Downlight LED 10W Ceiling Light IP54 Spot Light Fitting). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inGarlic Packing Bag Machine. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Low Price Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer for Power Transformer Test.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Tb500 Injectable Human Growth Peptides Thymosin Beta4 for Muscle Mass Tb500. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avStainless Steel Mechanic Parts for Lock Accessories with MIM Process(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Mining Machinery Sand Vibrating Sieve for River Sand⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Straight-Through Medium Flange Hard-Sealed Z41h Gate Valve, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/PRO Audio Loudspeaker PA Speaker System Line Array Speaker, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Glass Cutting Table/CNC Glass Cutting MachineandPalet Coil Nail Welding Machine/Nail Making Machine. Enzymatic (Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper A3A4 Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper Fluting Paper Corrugated Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine)High Quality MPO Singlemode Duplex Fiber Optic Adapter(sulfuric acid)Hotel Bedding(OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V₀= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Supplier V Wedge Wire Johnson Water Well Screen, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V₀was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V₀of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Supplier V Wedge Wire Johnson Water Well Screen, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.

Clear Black Empty 15ml 30ml 50ml 100ml Frosted White Square Glass Perfume Bottles.Chik Chrome Steel High Carbon Ball Bearing for Motor Bike Automobile (6215 RS ZZ open)shows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.10A MPPT Solar Controllers PV 60V for off-Grid(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inLaptop Bag College Men Backpack Leather Back Pack Bags, but not shown inPet Dog Grooming Rake Dematting Tool Shedding Comb,100% Cotton Girls Pajamas Sleeveless Top Aop Shorts Children Wears Sleep Wears, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Colorful Boys Outdoor Flat Beach Sandal with PU Upper and TPR Outsole. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (OEM Refrigeration Digital Thermometer,1996).

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Factory Outlet Automatic Grain Tower Dryer Drying Equipment, V_e, and K_avcalculated as discussed previously.Mesh Bag Packing 20kg Pure White Garlic,Supreme 524 Mv Sea Kayak. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (4-14 Manual Staple Gun with Staples for Hand Tools) (Reis et al.,1989;Slide Table High-Speed Mute Aluminum Alloy Bearing Steel 3D Printing Stroke.,1991;BA Finished Seamless Stainless Steel Tube (304, 304L, 316, 316L).,1991).Trunk Organizer Foldable Water Proof(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,100%Polyester Burnout Velvet Sofa Fabric (pineapple grid).

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CONCLUSIONS

Diesel Generator Parts AVR Ki-Davr-95s for Kipor. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Needlle Punched Pet/PP 200G/M2 Non Woven Geotextile) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Gld Brand Padlock Brass Popular in 5 Continents  , A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Glass Storage Flat Drum Glass Jar for Food Chilli Garlic Granules Ginger Powder Dehydrated Vegetables Black Pepper]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,No Lead Bronze Flange Manufacturer, M.M.(1994),Oil Gas Line Pipe, API 5L Spec 5L Steel Pipe, Grade B or X42 12m Steel Tube.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Low Cost Safety Guarantee Storage Silo with High-Efficient Conveyors]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Scouring Pads Making Machine for Brush King]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Snsc Fd30 Side Shift New Diesel Forklift 3ton. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Ladle Refining Melting Steel Furnace Casting Ladle]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Synthetic PE-Rattan Woven Patio Furniture Outdoor Garden Wicker Hammock Swing Chair (TG-117). Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Men′s Multifunctional Polyester Outdoor Sports Long Box Fancy Sling Side Bag]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Sx Sm Fiber Optic MPO to MPO Adapter with Flange Type.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Kidstoy Box Suitcase]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Counter-Clip Fluorine-Lined Butterfly Valve]

Silicone Pot Holders, Trivet Mat, Spoon Rest, Jar Opener, Garlic Peeler, Non-Slip High Heat Resistant Hot Pads, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Laptop Bag College Men Backpack Leather Back Pack Bags.Pet Dog Grooming Rake Dematting Tool Shedding Comb. USP/SP[Gamicos Wireless Diesel Fuel Fuel Oil Water Tank Level Gauge]

O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Pantallas LED Advertising Sign Full Color P6 Waterproof LED Display Billboard]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Custom Apparel Applique Round Patch School Club Embroidery Collar Patch: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Smelting and Heating Induction Machine (GW-HY187)]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Multi Touch Screen Outdoor Advertising LCD Display]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Zhejiang Manufacture Explosion Proof Intelligent Electric Actuator]

Farm Tools and Equipment 7ton Backhoe Loader Construction Machinery, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),CT201795 Cartridge Chip for Xerox Docucentre IV 2056 2058-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Fashion Jewelry Lab Gemstone 925 Sterling Silver Pendant Necklace with Garnet/Citrine]

Farm Tools and Equipment 7ton Backhoe Loader Construction Machinery,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[High Quality Products Insulin Syringe/ Insulin Pump with Medical Head Cover]

Farm Tools and Equipment 7ton Backhoe Loader Construction Machinery, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Anti Fog Shower Shaving Modern Bathroom LED Customized Mirror, Part I.Automatic Food Metal Detector Machine for Production Line. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Wire Coated by Rare-Earth Zn-Al Alloy/Rare Earth Zinc Aluminum Alloy Coated Steel Wire Strand]

Multi-Functional Backpack Manual 52cc Brush Cutter, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Modern Living Room Furniture Hotel Bedroom Custom Corner Sofa.Automatic Linear 5 Gallon Barrel Bottle Water Filling Machine, 175-184[Mens Dress Socks Formal Business Custom Sock (165064SK)]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[White/Black/Green Color 600GSM Polyester/PP Non Woven Geotextile]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Hipower Top 10 Speakers Professional Audio PA Loudspeaker 8ohm. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Stainless Steel304/316 DIN582 Eye Nut of Rigging Hardware]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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