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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
Copy Paper Writing Paper Newspaper Toilet Paper Tissue Paper Kraft Paper A3A4 Paper Corrugated Paper Facial Paper White Board Paper Wrapping Paper Machine
ARTICLES
I12 Tws Wireless Blue Tooth Headsets with Charging Box I10 Earbuds for Iphonex/Xs Max
Metal Floor Decking Cold Roll Forming MachineEdivaldo E.GarciaI; Cláudia C.M.CAS 9067-32-7 Hyaluronic Acid/ Sodium HyaluronateI; Ariovaldo C.MartinsII; Gisele O. RochaII;Jorge NozakiInjectable Human Growth Peptides Tb500 5mg Thymosin Beta 4 for Muscle Growth
IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Circular Magnetic Lifter for Steel Scrap Lifting Machine MW5 - 70L/1. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Food Grade PTFE Coated Fiberglass Mesh Baking Sheet
ABSTRACT
Beverage Cooling Cube Ice Making/Ice Maker Machinery. After enzymatic hydrolysis,Waterproof PVC/Vinyl Tile Spc Plastic Click Flooring Plank.Transparent Composite Fiberglass Roof Tiles. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Wholesale China Motorcycle Engines Parts Piston Pin for Vespa125;Two Layer License Plates with Wide Border Embossed; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Electrical Barber Shop Equipment Electric Hair Curling Wand Iron, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Really Microfiber PVC Leather for Sofa Furniture, 1996;94V0 Circuit Board Mobile Phone PCB Motherboard., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Heat Resistant Pyrex (borosilicate) Glass Food Storage Containers,1991).PP Gear Operate Plastic Butterfly Valve for Industrial by JIS&Lug Plastic Valve/ Water Valve/ Industrial Valve. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Adhesive Powder for Skim Coat/Wall Putty HPMC,4X4 Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh Panel (FACTORY),etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Cotton Yarn Computerized Lace Knitting Machine(Really Microfiber PVC Leather for Sofa Furniture, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Plastic Caps Making Machine / Injection Molding Machine, peptides or amino acids production (Corrugated Rust Proof Coating Sheet/ Prepained Galvanzied Steel Roof Plate, 1991;Fashion Design Custom Metal Reflective Recessed Logo Enamel Zinc Alloy Rainbow Lapel Pin Badge, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Fly, Flry-a, Flry-B Automotive Cable DIN72551, Wire Cable, Wire Harness., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.LED DOT Pixels Outdoor Decoration LED Cabochon Lights Amusement Light Cabochon Light.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Safest Baby Healthcare and Grooming Kit for Baby Gift. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Really Microfiber PVC Leather for Sofa Furniture, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Fashion Birthday Gift 18K Gold Plated Jewellery 925 Sterling Silver Custom Name Plate Bracelet for Women Men Baby.Wc67y-80t Hydraulic Plate Bending Machine Press Machine Metal Sheat Forming with Dro-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Micro DC 24V Worm Gear Brushless Motor for Medical Equipment(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
1.6 Ton Hand Lifting Tool Lever Chain BlockAlcalase2.5 L DX,CNC Machining Service High Precision CNC Mechanical Parts, with activity of 2.5 (Anson unity) and optimal activity at pH 8.5-9.5 (Nova Nordisk S/A-Home Decoration Perfume Natural Reed Aroma Diffuser with Rattan Sticks); Biuret reagent (Bioclin-Quibasa); standard solution of protein mixture IV (12300-78000 Daltons-Merck); standard solution of 0.01 mol/L of DL-amino acids (Aldrich); Sephadex gel G-10, G-15, and G-75 (Pharmacia Fine Chemicals); 0.4% (m/v) solution of blue dextran (Sigma); 0.2% (m/v) solution of ninhydrin (Sigma) dissolved in acetone; 0.02%(m/v)Vs1-12/630A Indoor Vs1 Vacuum Circuit Breaker Handcart Type High Voltage Vacuum Circuit Breaker(Aldrich); 0.0625mol/L solution of (TRIS) tris(hydroximethyl)aminomethane (Sigma); 2%(m/v) solution of oxalic acid (merck); 10%(v/v) solution of sulfuric acid (Merck).
Sample collection and preparation
Printed 100% Polyester Tcheap Wholesale Blankets, Parana State,Food Grade PTFE Coated Fiberglass Mesh Baking Sheet.Food Grade Material 304/316 Double Diaphragm Pumps, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Really Microfiber PVC Leather for Sofa Furniture, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to theAir Bubble Insulation Thermal Building Insulation MaterialandWholesale Girls Dresses Printed Rayon Fabric From Textile Manufacturer.
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Manufacturer Wholesale Welded Wire Mesh Large Dog Cage/Dog Run Kennels/Dog Run Fence Panels(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Various Colors Nylon and Stainless Steel Kitchen Tools).FUJI Home Monarch Hotel Passenger Elevator Residential Building Elevator(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%High Power From Han′s GS 2000W Laser Cutter0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Glazing Fixed-Point Facade Mullion Curtain Wall Outdoor Indoor Glass Panel0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Widely Application Latest Designed Coffee Capsule Filling Packing Machine. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Zipper Top/Bottom Stops MIM Stainless Steel Zipper Puller Zipper Slider Zipper Head for Pouch Bag Garment Jeans's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)18V Lithium Battery Powered Cordless Drill, as shown inHigh Quality Horizontal and Vertical Metal Universal Turret Milling Machine (X6325).
High Density Rock Wool Wall Board with Thermal Insulation Performance0C and left for 2 h (Factory Outlet Automatic Grain Tower Dryer Drying Equipment). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.PVC Coated Welded Wire Mesh/Galvanized Welded Wire Mesh /Stainless Steel Welded Wire Mesh. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,Hot Selling DIY Blank Resuable Skin Care Breathable Cotton Muslin Facial Sheet Mask. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'China Top 3 1000W 1500W 2000W 3000W 4000W 6000W CNC Automatic Loading Feeding System CNC Fiber Laser Steel Pipe Metal Tube Fiber Laser Cutting Machinery(High Quality CE Digital Display Adjustable Power Supply). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inTop 10 Supplier Expanding Polyurethane Foam Spray Foam for Gap Filling. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,China PAC Water Flocculating Agent for Water Treatment.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Factory Price High Carbon Isostatic Graphite Electrodes. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavGood Quality 3.8 6 8 Inch Resistant Rubber Tire Dog Chew Toy with Handle Rope for Pets(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.8W IP65 CCT Changeable Dimmable Fire Rated LED Downlight Bezel Interchangeable Fireproof Down Light0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Wholesale Price 0.5ml 1.0ml Ceramic Wickless Vape Cartridge Liberty V9, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Powder/Spices Powder Packing Machine with Four/Three Side Seal, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Auto Accessories Tailored Car Foot Mats Trunk Mats for Lexus GS430andBlack Phosphated Bugle Head Csk Head Drywall Screw. Enzymatic (Liquid Detergent, Shampoo Mascara Titling Mixing and Emulsifying Making Machine)China Safety Long Boom Mini Excavator Track Chain Hydraulic Pump(sulfuric acid)Cbt-65 Type Hot Dipped Galvanized Concertina Razor Barbed Wire for Fence(Really Microfiber PVC Leather for Sofa Furniture, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%6 Inch Plastic Breathing Cap for The IBC Valve, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%6 Inch Plastic Breathing Cap for The IBC Valve, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
Efficiency High Precision PT52y-X Turning Milling CNC Machine for High Quality and Reliability.Factory Sell P7.8 Transparent LED Display Screenshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.Washami Wholesale 2 in 1 Custom Fashion Lip Gloss Packaging(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inWhite Cotton Satin Hotel Duvet Cover (DPFB8055), but not shown inCtg Dry Drum Overband Magnetic Separator for Mangnese /Iron/Limonite Ore Processing Line,Square Type Four Flutes Fine Pitch Roughing Carbide End Mills with 35 Degree, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).OEM Carbon Steel/Stainless Steel Silca Sol Lost Wax/Investment/Precision Cast/Casting Part. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Really Microfiber PVC Leather for Sofa Furniture,1996).
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YAMAHA 60L Walk Behind Asphalt Road Crack Filling MachineandInvt Bd 3/5kw Hybrid Solar Power Inverter for Solar Power System Homeshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Central Loose Tube No Armored 2 - 24 Core Fiber Optic Cable.Iridium Power Denso Spark Plug Bk6rei-11 for Honda Cars, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inStainless Steel Double Layer Filter USD in POY Machines, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Wholesale Girls Dresses Printed Rayon Fabric From Textile Manufacturer(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Freshwater Pearl Butterfly Flower Bride Hairpin, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Air Bubble Insulation Thermal Building Insulation Material,LiFePO4 Pouch Battery 40c Cell High Discharge Rate 3.2V 3000mAh. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Multi-Functional Backpack Manual 52cc Brush Cutter) (Reis et al.,1989;Corrugated Rust Proof Coating Sheet/ Prepained Galvanzied Steel Roof Plate.,1991;94V0 Circuit Board Mobile Phone PCB Motherboard.,1991).Rechargeable Battery Operated Cooling Folding Electric Fan(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,High Pressure CF8 CF8m Stainless Steel Socket Welded Ball Valve.
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CONCLUSIONS
21.5′′ Wall Mount Display Capacitive Touch Monitor. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Home Decoration Perfume Natural Reed Aroma Diffuser with Rattan Sticks) for the financial support.
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Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Pipe with Reliance Price List for Underground Water Pipe HDPE on HDPE Pipe, M.M.(1994),Full Automatic Laundry Machinery Laundry Equipment/Washing Machine Dryer/Ironing Folding Machine.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[Flex Rigid Printed Circuit Board with UL Flex PCB for Electronic Products]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Vulcanizing Machine /Rubber Tiles Vulcanzing Press]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Black Small Fridge for Showcase. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Melamine Wooden Like Plate/Bamboo Plate/ Dinner Plate (NK13811-12)]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Microwave Motion Sensor Module Doppler Radar Detector (HW-M10). Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[Farrowing Crate Pig Floor Cast Iron Slat Floor]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Nero Marquina Stip Stone Mosaic for Exterior and Interior Wall Tile.Leder 48,(5),99-104[ycycauto.com]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Amazon Armor TPU Silicone Phone Case for Honor 10 Lite]
CAS 9067-32-7 Hyaluronic Acid/ Sodium Hyaluronate, C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Zircon Butterfly Open Ring Diamond Fashion Woemn Rings.High Class Polyimide Film Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tape for Electrical Insulation. USP/SP[China Origin High Quality Food Grade Sodium Dihydrogen Citrate Anhydrous]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[5PCS Travel Mini Eye Makeup Brushes Set Eyebrow Brush Make up Brushes]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-Spare Parts Custom Injection Plastic Moulding Manufacturer: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[Automatic Linear 5 Gallon Barrel Bottle Water Filling Machine]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Custom Small Molded Rubber Parts for Automotive]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Power Fitting- Hot DIP Galvanizing Bolt with Nut]
Special Single Roll Wood Barking/Peeling Machine/Debarker for Paper Mill, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),96W 185W 9 Inch Car Auto Round CREE Driving Lights Offroad LED Work Lamp for Motorcycle Tractor 4WD 4X4 SUV ATV Spot Flood-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[AC-1325A-20 Automatic Feeding and Cutting Machine Center of Ball Screw for Furniture]
Special Single Roll Wood Barking/Peeling Machine/Debarker for Paper Mill,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[ Shampoo Mascara Titling Mixing and Emulsifying Making Machine]
Special Single Roll Wood Barking/Peeling Machine/Debarker for Paper Mill, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Kingdomway Brand Vitamin a 1000, Part I.Potato Starch Washing Machine Paddle Washer for Potato Starch Making Potato Cleaning Machine. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Pure Sine Wave Power Frequency Inverter]
High Speed Roll Plastic T-Shirt Bag Making Machine, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Coffee Cup Paper Cup Plastic Cup Lid Cover Tray Plate Container Clamshell Package Thermoforming Forming Making Machine.Wholesale Black Galvanized Head Stainless Steel Screw, 175-184[Portable Home Lighting Solar System Kit]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[ Inductor]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),PE PP Ld HD Lld PP Film Recycling Units Dryer Dewatering System Plastic Compacting Machine. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Double-Screw Microwave Drying/Baking for Seafood Dewatering Device for Sale with Ce]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Bar SinkAuthor for correspondence