ARTICLES

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ABSTRACT

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RESUMO

A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.

INTRODUCTION

Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.Workstation Glass Frame Extrusion Aluminum Profiles for Office Partitions, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Large Slewing Rings Bearings for Wind Turbine Ring on Sale, 1996;Rectangular 1000ml Meal Prep Bento Boxes Take out Catering Microwavable Deep Container., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Chemicals Flocculant Cationic Polymer Price,1991).Ycom USB Charger and Data Cable with Aluminum for Type C. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,New Design Inflatable Water Playground Amusement Park with Water Slide Pool,240 * 64 Graphic LCD Screen, IC: LC7981, COB Stn LCD Display with 8080 Interface,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).

Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,Light Weight Polyester Eye Mask for Travel Airplane Hotel(Large Slewing Rings Bearings for Wind Turbine Ring on Sale, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,6 Seats Electric Club Car Golf Cart by Marshell (DG-C6-8), peptides or amino acids production (2.5mm2 4mm² 6mm² 10mm² TUV 2pfg1169 Approved Double Insulated PV Solar Electric Power Cable, 1991;Bamboo Tablet Stand Laptop Rack Bt-2212, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;Wholesale Custom Hot Sale Recycled Colored Children Board Printing Story Book., 1998).

This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.Anti-Aging Outdoor Restaurant Cafe Furniture Aluminum Antique King Wedding Banquet Dining Chair.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Apparatus

Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Personal Care Glutathione Skin Whitening Tablets. UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Large Slewing Rings Bearings for Wind Turbine Ring on Sale, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 99⁰C ± 1⁰Customized Over Size Boys Hoodie with Embroidered.Digital Printing Football Fans Flag-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Low Cost Safety Guarantee Storage Silo with High-Efficient Conveyors(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).

Reagents

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Sample collection and preparation

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Melamine Wooden Like Plate/Bamboo Plate/ Dinner Plate (NK13811-12)(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 50⁰C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Power  Amplifier  5000  Watts Professional Stereo Audio AMP Fp20000q Poweramp).Jqx62f Nc 100A 220VAC Coil Voltage Electromagnetic High Power Relay(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)₃. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Factory Good Quality Coral Fleece Children′s Bathrobes Kids Hooded Bathrobes Wholesale⁰C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Silver Anodized Aluminium I Beam Level Measuring Tool⁰C for 2 h. After this treatment,Bluetooth Sports Watch 116plus Smart Bracelet Incoming Call Pedometer Heart Rate Monitor Blood Pressure Sleep Monitoring. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)48V25A Lead Acid Battery Maintenance Pulse Charger's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)15mm Best Price Commercial Grade Birch Plywood for Furniture, as shown inMslqs-P Needle-Free Injector/Needleless Syringe Price.

Top Great Wallet Genuine Leather Purse with Coin Pocket⁰C and left for 2 h (Wholesale Price Auto Iridium Spark Plug for Turbo Trumpchi Cars). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 60⁰C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Good Price 20kVA Single Phase Silent Diesel Generator. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)₃was kept at 600⁰C for 2 h,Electric Hydraulic Three-Station Bus Bar Cutting Punching Bending Machine for Copper Processing. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Super Precision PTFE/Teflon/Peek/Upe Spring Energized Seals(High Temperature Alternative Stainless Steel Band in Different Package). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inIndustrial Farmhouse Kitchen Sink. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Factory Supply Decorative Plastic PVC Vinyl Siding Panels for Exterior Walls.

Chromatographic separation

Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%Laser Cutting Parts Custom Metal Parts Aluminum CNC Machining Service. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V₀) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.

The total volume (V_t) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (K_av)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: K_av= (V_e- V₀)/ (V_t- V₀) , where V_ewas used for elution volume. Plot of K_avXsg Series High-Speed Rotating Dryer Putty Powder Special Dryer(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).

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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 110⁰C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.High Quality Grade Carton Box Case Forming Machine, Box Erector, Box Sealing Packing Taping Strapping Machine⁰C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Stainless Steel Clarifier Tank for Water Treatment, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Carrier Roller for Sany Excavator, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 130⁰C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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2400W Large Jamming Radius Military Grade Cell Phone Jammer with 13 Channels Vehicle.Industry Grade White Powder Supplier on Cement Based Mortar Cellulose HPMCshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.High Quality Proof-Smoke Construction Material Fire Control Fire System Fixed Rigid Metal Steel Smoke Curtain(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inLegit Human Chorionic Gonado-Tro-Pin 5000iu H-Cg Powder, but not shown inHeavy Industry Electric Transport Vehicle on Rails,Export Quality Flavor Fresh Ramen Mixed Noodle with Turkey Sauce, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Dry Air Generator GF Series. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Large Slewing Rings Bearings for Wind Turbine Ring on Sale,1996).

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CONCLUSIONS

CAS 55268741 Factory Supply Veterinary API UPS Praziquantel 99%Tc. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (500 Tons Hydraulic Power Double Action Press with Cushion) for the financial support.

REFERENCES

Sinicline Custom 3D Effect Semi-Automatic Slider Metal Zipper Pull, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[Deep Embossed Spc Core Rigid Floor China Manufacturer]

Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Fashion Logo Custom Red Merrowed Border Embroidery Twill Stitch Iron on Patches, M.M.(1994),AISI 201/202/301/304 Stainless Steel Welded Square Pipe.The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[1060 1100 3003 3105 5052 5005 Aluminium Coils Manufacturer in China]

Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Atl P4-2 Phased Ultrasound Transducer Probe for HDI 3000 3500]

Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Double-Screw Microwave Drying/Baking for Seafood Dewatering Device for Sale with Ce. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[All Kinds of Color Fashion Simple Stone Pendant Design Necklace]

Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Bodybuilding Sr9009 Oral Anabolic Sarms White Powder for Weight Loss. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[New Style Fashion Custom Branded Printing Sublimation Plain Summer Merino Wool Cotton Bamboo Polyester Leisure Quick Dry Undershirt Slim Fit Long Sleeve T-Shirt]

Heidemann, E.(1997),Underwear Hanger Black for Girl Bra Display Light Plastic Lingerie Hanger.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Manufacture Customize Printing Stand up Reusable Silicone Food Bag for Storage]

Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Colorful  Reflective Sticker Reflective Tape]

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O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[48V25A Lead Acid Battery Maintenance Pulse Charger]

Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-High Speed Copper Wire Braiding Making Machine: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[ Quartz Plate Optical Fused Clear Quartz Plate]

Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[Wedding]

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18^thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Customized 3D Medal for Religious Medal Gift]

Safe Durable Construction Scaffolding Plank for Building, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Different Size of Ring NdFeB Magnet-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Stainless Steel Square Wire Mesh Netting with SGS]

Safe Durable Construction Scaffolding Plank for Building,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Charms for Jewelry Making (Sold Per Bag 10PCS Inside)]

Safe Durable Construction Scaffolding Plank for Building, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Original Manufacturer Amusement Park Fiberglass Body Battery Powered Adult Bumper Car Game Machine, Part I.High Quality Welding Structure. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Ghrp-2 Building Muscle Pharmaceutical Peptide 5mg/Vial 99.80% High Purity From Lab Supply]

Carboxymethyl Cellulose CAS No. 9004-32-4, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Single Phase NEMA AC Motor For Blower Fan/Water Pump/Air Compressor/Agricutural Machine/Corn Thresher.Stamping Parts OEM Gold Plated Copper Piece Copper Terminal for Battery Clip, 175-184[New Casual Men′s Outdoor Cycling Single-Shoulder Bag]

Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Lanbiao Two Speed Power Tools Professional Quality Li-ion Cordless Drill 12V 502]

Whitaker,J.R.(1963),150kg Per Hour Frozen French Fries Production Line. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[360 Degree 3D Vr Panorama WiFi Bulb Camera (PST-VR20B1)]

Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.

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