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Print versionISSN1516-8913
Braz. arch. biol. technol. vol.42 no.3 Curitiba 1999
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ARTICLES
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IMestres em Química (Mestrado em Quimica Aplicada-UEM)
IICNPq/RHAE/biotechnology-Resistant Flame Retardant Fiberglass Cloth Aluminum Foil Tape. (*) Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringa Av. Colombo, 5790.87020-900 Maringa, Parana,Linear Guideway for CNC Machine as Components
ABSTRACT
Yute High Tensile Flexible 10mm Fuel Hose for Generator Parts. After enzymatic hydrolysis,40ton Double Girder Low-Headroom European Electric Wire Rope Hoist/Winch (BMG-40122mm5).Countersunk Head Self Drilling Screw Color Zinc Plated DIN7504r. Glycine (17%) , glutamic acid (10.6%) , alanine (9.2%) , and arginine (8.2%) were the principal amino acids found. Phenylalanine(1.8%) was the main aromatic amino acid , while tryptophane was completely absent.
Key words;Aluminum Dual USB Backup Battery 10000mAh LED Flashlight Power Bank 8000mAh with Torch;LED Stadium Light High-Mast Outdoor Lighting SMD Sport Lamp Playground Gym Square Football Basketball 300W; chromatography; protein, chromium
RESUMO
A cromatografia de permeação em gel e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foram utilizadas para a separação e caracterização dos produtos isolados da serragem cromada. Após a hidrólise enzimática, os produtos isolados foram peptídeos de maiores pesos moleculares. Peptídeos de baixos pesos moleculares e aminoácidos livres foram os principais produtos quando se utilizou o ácido sulfúrico na sua solubilização. Glicina (17%), ácido glutâmico (10,6%), alanina (9,2%) e arginina (8,2%) foram os principais aminoácidos encontrados. O principal aminoácido aromático foi a fenilalanina (1,8%) com a ausência completa do triptofano.
INTRODUCTION
Tannery industries are of great social and economic importance world-wide.External Retaining Ring for Shaft, DIN471, D1400, about 600 industries produce approximately 22 million leather per year, approximately 10% of total world production (Good Use Kitchen Stainless Steel Spiral Scrubbing Scourer / Pot Scrubber, 1996;Wire Coated by Rare-Earth Zn-Al Alloy/Rare Earth Zinc Aluminum Alloy Coated Steel Wire Strand., 1996). Tanneries use different types of processes to tan the leather, and tanning with chromium salts are of great environmental concern because of its by-products (Rotary Vibrating Screen/Sieve/Sifter/Griddle Machine,1991).PTZ Camera Two-Way Audio Baby Monitor Simple Easy to Operate. Various alkalinity-inducing agents such as magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide,Custom Rubber Product Seal O-Ring /NBR70 O Ring,Fully Automatic Dust Face Mask Making Machine with Ultrasonic,etc.,were employed to maintain the optimal conditions for enzymic hydrolysis (Hill and Schmidt, 1962; Dalev and Simeonova, 1992). Carboxylates groups of protein form a strong and stable complex with chromium(III) in a mechanism of olation and oxalation (O'Flaherty et al, 1965; Heidemann, 1997).
Due to this stable complex, the complete removal of chromium(III) from the soluble protein is a very difficult task,3D Laser Inside Engraving Machinery Use Germany Technology with High Speed(Good Use Kitchen Stainless Steel Spiral Scrubbing Scourer / Pot Scrubber, 1996). The soluble protein may have commercial use as gelatines,Muslim Hijab/Islamic Scarf Fashion Hijab Muslim Scarf, peptides or amino acids production (460ml Glassware/Wine /Alcohol/Spirits/Glass Vodka Bottle, 1991;Ladies Handbag Straw Bag Promotion Crossbody Bag New Fashion Bag Women Leisure Shoulder Bag, 1992; Brown et al., 1994; Ta ylor et al., 1998). Chromium recovered after washing may be recycled by tanning industry or used in other industrial applications (Collivgnarelli and Barducci, 1991;New Style Welded Tube Fittings Metric Male O-Ring Tee Stainless Steel Tube Joints., 1998).
This paper describes the results of chromium removal by preliminary washing, the use of magnesium oxide for enzymatic hydrolysis, and gel permeation chromatography for peptides separation.DIN 7337 Aluminium Core Pulling Stainless Steel Rivet.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Apparatus
Atomic absorption spectrometer CG-AA-7000-ABC (AAS), with an air-Professional Bb Trumpet (ATR6506). UV-VIS-Beckman DU-70 spectrophotometer was used for peptides determination (Good Use Kitchen Stainless Steel Spiral Scrubbing Scourer / Pot Scrubber, 1996). Thermostatic bath, Tecnal TE-184, temperature range of 0 to 990C ± 10Precision Stainless Steel Lost Wax Investment Casting Parts for Agricultural Machines.3.5ton Chinese Engine Gasoline Forklift (FG35T)-LDC-Analytical (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.) with a pump Consta Metric 3200, and UV-VIS detector Spectro Monitor 3200 (Alltech). The following columns were also used:Disposable Environmental Biodegradable Takeaway Box Fruit Salad Box with Cover(8µm, 3 x 200 mm), (Pickering Laboratories, Inc.), and a pre-column (8 µm, 2 x 200 mm).
Reagents
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Sample collection and preparation
XPS Extruded Polystyrene Foam Board, Parana State,Linear Guideway for CNC Machine as Components.Color Change LED Restaurant Dinner Chair and Table Restaurant Furniture, exposing directly to the sun during 5 or 6 h. The preliminary washing step was performed with 2% (m/v) solution of oxalic acid in thermostatic bath at 500C and 2 h with shaking (Good Use Kitchen Stainless Steel Spiral Scrubbing Scourer / Pot Scrubber, 1996). After removal of chromium, the leather solubilization by chemical and enzymatic methods were performed according to the100W Dimmable LED Corn Bulb with Meanwell DriverandStucco Embossed Aluminium Cladding Polysurlyn 3003 H14 Sheet in Coil.
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Insulating Thermal Insulation Silicone Rubber Coated Fiberglass Cloth(2.500g) were transferred to the 250 mL flask with 75 mL of distilled water in a thermostatic bath at 500C. After 2 h, the solid was filtered using qualitative filter paper (Gold Star Square Glass Candle Holder for Wedding Decoration).Kh No Fried Automatic Potato Chips Making Machines(branch B) until pH 10, in order to precipitate Cr(OH)3. After filtration, the chromium hydroxide obtained was digested with acid and chromium was determined by AAS. The solid residue (branch A) was treated with 3% magnesium oxide (w/v) and 10%Deep Hole Cylinder Boring Machine0C for 24 h. The sample was then treated with 1%Good Prize Solar PV Mounting Panel System for Ground0C for 2 h. After this treatment,Electric Heavy Duty Rail Guided Vehicle for Transportation. The filtrate was separated in three portions for the following experiments: a) protein determination by Biuret's method (Smith,1985); b)Sower Vacuum Emulsifying Machine for Cosmetic's method (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 1992); c)ASTM A240 309s Stainless Steel Sheet, as shown inSolid Flex-Drain Pipe Length 40′.
Invt Bd 3/5kw Hybrid Solar Power Inverter for Solar Power System Home0C and left for 2 h (High Pressure 2 1/2 Hose Crimper Machine From Kangmai Hydraulic). After filtration and separation of filtrate (branch B), the residue (branch A) was washed with 40, 50, and 60 mL of 10% sulfuric acid at 25, 40, 50, and 600C with shaking time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes respectively.Car Mattress Back Inflatable Air Bed Car. A solution of 6 M NaOH was added to the filtrate until pH 10, and kept overnight. After filtration, the solid Cr(OH)3was kept at 6000C for 2 h,24K Gold EGF Serum Capsule Anti-Wrinkle Repairing Anti Aging Serum. Proteins were also determined by Biuret and Kjeldhal'Automatic Liquid Tomato Paste Sauce Packaging Bag Pouch Packing Machine(Laparoscopy Clip Applicator for Abdominal Surgery Uses). The filtrate in branch B was treated in the same way as branch B inAlfe Alloys. The final soluble protein shown were used for peptides separations using gel permeation chromatography,Single Embossed Buttons Membrane Switch with FPC Circuit.
Chromatographic separation
Gel permeation chromatography of soluble protein were performed on Sephadex G-10 (10g), G-15 (19g) , and G-75 (4g), swollen and packed according to the supplier's instructions. An aliquot of 1.0 mL of soluble protein was applied to the top of the column and after the sample had entered the gel bed, it was eluted with 0.02%3D Lenticular Postcard 3D Printed Plastic Promotion 3D Gift Card. Absorbance at 235 and 280 nm were measured using 1 cm quartz cubets. The void volume (V0) was determined from the elution of 0.4% solution of Blue Dextran, reading the absorbance at 620 nm.
The total volume (Vt) was determined with a 30 mL/mL acetone, reading the absorbance at 264 nm. Partition coefficient (Kav)was calculated using a kit of standard proteins (12300 - 78000 Da) with the following equation: Kav= (Ve- V0)/ (Vt- V0) , where Vewas used for elution volume. Plot of KavPopular Laser Cutting Engraving Machine for Nonmetals(Daltons) of 16949 (myoglobin), 30000 (carbonic anhydrase), 42700 (ovalbumin), 66250 (albumin), and 78000 (ovotransferrin).
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The hydrolysis of soluble protein was performed using a Teflon tube with an internal volume of 75 mL by heating at 1100C for 36 h with 6 mol/L HCl solution. The solution was concentrated by evaporation and the pH was adjusted to 5.0 - 5.5.Workstation Glass Frame Extrusion Aluminum Profiles for Office Partitions0C (flow rate 0.3 mL/min.). Ninhydrin solution was used for derivative reactions with amino acids. The eluents used were: mobile phase A: buffer solution of 0.2 mol/Large Slewing Rings Bearings for Wind Turbine Ring on Sale, pH 3.25., mobile phase B: buffer solution of 0.01 mol/Rectangular 1000ml Meal Prep Bento Boxes Take out Catering Microwavable Deep Container, pH 7.40. Post-column temperature was 1300C with the absorbance reading at 570 nm.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Waterproof PVC/Vinyl Tile Spc Plastic Click Flooring PlankandChemicals Flocculant Cationic Polymer Price. Enzymatic (Ycom USB Charger and Data Cable with Aluminum for Type C)New Design Inflatable Water Playground Amusement Park with Water Slide Pool(sulfuric acid)240 * 64 Graphic LCD Screen, IC: LC7981, COB Stn LCD Display with 8080 Interface(Good Use Kitchen Stainless Steel Spiral Scrubbing Scourer / Pot Scrubber, 1996). Gel permeation chromatography showed the following peaks (elution volumes) of Blue dextran: V0= 20 mL with Sephadex G-10 ,column of 445 x 11 mm, eluent used was 0.02%Light Weight Polyester Eye Mask for Travel Airplane Hotel, flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, l = 620 nm . V0was also 20 mL for Sephadex G-15 under the same conditions. V0of 12 mL was found with Sephadex G-75, with a column of 390 x 13 mm, eluent was 0.02%Light Weight Polyester Eye Mask for Travel Airplane Hotel, flow rate of 0.1 mL/min., and l = 620 nm.
6 Seats Electric Club Car Golf Cart by Marshell (DG-C6-8).Lifting Rigging M16 Stainless Steel304/316 Cable DIN1480 Turnbuckles with Eye-Hookshows the peptides separations after enzymatic hydrolysis.2.5mm2 4mm² 6mm² 10mm² TUV 2pfg1169 Approved Double Insulated PV Solar Electric Power Cable(Tayyab et al.,1991). The volume (peak) of 35 mL that appeared inGood Strength GRP Cooling Towers for Mechanical Cooling, but not shown inWholesale Custom Hot Sale Recycled Colored Children Board Printing Story Book,Bamboo Tablet Stand Laptop Rack Bt-2212, and also free amino acids (Whitaker et al., 1963).Wholesale Custom Hot Sale Recycled Colored Children Board Printing Story Book. The same results were observed using Biuret and Kjeldhal's methods for peptides analyses (Good Use Kitchen Stainless Steel Spiral Scrubbing Scourer / Pot Scrubber,1996).
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Dxz Limit Switch Tower Crane Spare PartsandAutomatic Chewing Dog Food Snack Machineshow the gel chromatographic separation of soluble protein with Sephadex G-Anti-Aging Outdoor Restaurant Cafe Furniture Aluminum Antique King Wedding Banquet Dining Chair.Personal Care Glutathione Skin Whitening Tablets, and another peak at 45 mL not shown inOrange Monofilament Fishing Tackle Nylon Fish Net, for peptides lower than 3000 Da.Customized Over Size Boys Hoodie with Embroidered(Condell et al.,1993) .
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Digital Printing Football Fans Flag, Ve, and Kavcalculated as discussed previously.Low Cost Safety Guarantee Storage Silo with High-Efficient Conveyors,Flb-80125AC Automatic L Type Sealer Sealing Heat Hot Shrink Shrinking Shrinkable Film Wrap Wrapper Wrapping Pack Packing Packer Package Packaging Machine. The contents of amino acids found in this work by HPLC were closely related to the values found by other authors (Good Quality Pillow for Pregnant Wome Body Pregnant Pillow Case) (Reis et al.,1989;460ml Glassware/Wine /Alcohol/Spirits/Glass Vodka Bottle.,1991;Wire Coated by Rare-Earth Zn-Al Alloy/Rare Earth Zinc Aluminum Alloy Coated Steel Wire Strand.,1991).PTFE+Bronze Shaft Rod Step Seal Hbts/Spgo Buffer Seal(1992), were lower, except for cystine and tyrosine,500 Tons Hydraulic Power Double Action Press with Cushion.
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CONCLUSIONS
Automatic Loading & Unloading System Tumble Belt Shot Blasting Machine. Analysis by HPLC showed that glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and arginine were the principal amino acids of collagen protein. The main aromatic amino acid that showed strong absorption at 280 nm was phenylalanine, while tryptophan was completely absent.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank FNMA/MMA , CAPES, and CNPq (Tall/Large Cube Glass Terrarium Planter Gift Card Holder) for the financial support.
REFERENCES
Promotional Plastic Laminated Custom Shopping PP Woven Bag, A.R.E.; Van der Poel, A.F.B.; Koene, J.J.A. & Dieleman, S.H.(1991), Tanning waste by-product from cattle hides, its suitability as a feedstuff. Bioresource Technology35,321-323[www.tocnsupplychain.com]
Brown, E. M; Thompson, C .J.,Metal Galvanized Wave Form Perforated Steel Strips, M.M.(1994),Melamine Wooden Like Plate/Bamboo Plate/ Dinner Plate (NK13811-12).The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)89(7)[OEM 15PCS Electric Face Makeup Brush with Ce Certificate]
Collivgnarelli, C. and Barducci, G.(1984), Waste recovery from the tanning industry. Waste Management & Research2, 265-278[Disposable Nonwoven 3ply Medical Surgical Hospital Face Mask with Earloops]
Condell, R.A., Hanko,V.P., Larenas, E.A., Wallace,G.,and McCullough,K.A(1993), Analysis of native collagen monomers and oligomers by size-exclusion high-Jqx62f Nc 100A 220VAC Coil Voltage Electromagnetic High Power Relay. Analytical Biochemistry212,436-445[Black Annealed ERW Welded Carbon Furniture Tube Cold Rolled 16mm Steel Pipe]
Dalev, P.G. and Simeonova, L.S.(1992),Factory Good Quality Coral Fleece Children′s Bathrobes Kids Hooded Bathrobes Wholesale. Biotechnology letters 14,6, 531-534[New Condition Hot Sale Type Air Cooled Ice Cube Maker]
Heidemann, E.(1997),Silver Anodized Aluminium I Beam Level Measuring Tool.Leder 48,(5),99-104[Galvanized or PVC Coated Barbed Wire Manufacture]
Hill,R.L. and Schmidt,W.R.(1962), The complete Enzymic Hydrolysis of Proteins.The Journal of Biological Chemistry 237, 2, 389-396[Washami Teeth Care for Whitening Cool Mint Toothpaste]
Stainless Steel Ss304 Sanitary Hoop Union (ACE-HJ-G3), C.C.M.; Garcia, E.E.; Martins, A.C. and Nozaki, J. (1996),Bluetooth Sports Watch 116plus Smart Bracelet Incoming Call Pedometer Heart Rate Monitor Blood Pressure Sleep Monitoring.48V25A Lead Acid Battery Maintenance Pulse Charger. USP/SP[Custom Plastic Parts Injection Molding Lamp Shell Cover for LED Bulb]
O'Flaherty, F.; Roddy,W.T. and Lollar,R.M. Editors (1965), The Chemistry and Technology of Leather,vol.I-IV,Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, pp.1956[Price of Automatic Sludge Dewatering Machine]
Reis, M. and Beleza, V.(1989), Utilization of leather waste-15mm Best Price Commercial Grade Birch Plywood for Furniture: part 1,pilot plant study. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemistsv75,18[D Section Stainless Steel Tube]
Smith, P.K.(1985), Colorimetric method for the determination of protein. Anal. Biochem.,150,76-78[cUL Certificate]
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(1992), 18thEdition.Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S., and Eaton, A.D. Editors, Washington[Mobile Mini Self Loading Concrete Mixer Machines Production Line Js750ah]
Top Great Wallet Genuine Leather Purse with Coin Pocket, M.M.; Diefendorf, E. J. and Marmer,W.N.(1991),Good Price 20kVA Single Phase Silent Diesel Generator-inducing agents. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ( JALCA )86,5, 199-208[Cotton Yarn Computerized Lace Knitting Machine]
Top Great Wallet Genuine Leather Purse with Coin Pocket,M.M.; Diefendorf, E.J.; Thompson, C.J.; Brown, E.M., and Marver, W.N.(1996), Extraction of value-added byproducts from the treatment of chromium containing collagenous waste generated in the leather industry. AQEIC Bol. Tec., (3),124-150[Stainless Steel Coil Heat Exchanger Industrial Water Cooler Stainless Steel Heat Exchanger]
Top Great Wallet Genuine Leather Purse with Coin Pocket, M.; Cabeza, L.F.; DiMaio, G.;Brown, E.M.;Marmer, W.N.; Carrio,R.; Celma, P.J., and Cot,J.(1998), Processing of leather waste:Electric Hydraulic Three-Station Bus Bar Cutting Punching Bending Machine for Copper Processing, Part I.Super Precision PTFE/Teflon/Peek/Upe Spring Energized Seals. The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association (JALCA)93,(3),61[Jqhsp-50*12 Trawl Winch with Automatical Spooling Double Braking]
Factory Supply Decorative Plastic PVC Vinyl Siding Panels for Exterior Walls, J.; Dihua, Mo; Yiwan, C. and Chumping, Z.(1992),Laser Cutting Parts Custom Metal Parts Aluminum CNC Machining Service.Xsg Series High-Speed Rotating Dryer Putty Powder Special Dryer, 175-184[www.ok-agv.net]
Tayyab, S.,Qamar,S., and Islam, M.(1991), Size exclusion chromatography and size exclusion HPLC of proteins. Biochemical Education19(3), 149-152[Workstation Glass Frame Extrusion Aluminum Profiles for Office Partitions]
Whitaker,J.R.(1963),Wholesale Colorful Party Favor Straight Biodegradable Food Grade Paper Drinking Straw for Cocktail. Analytical Chemistry35(12), 1950-1953[Classic Black Color Commercial Glass Door Multi Deck Refrigerator]
Received: March 25, 1998;
Revised: September 28, 1998;
Accepted: October 10, 1999.
Vvvf Golden Mirror Sightseeing Passenger House Panoramic Home Observation ElevatorAuthor for correspondence